2012

Conferinta 2012


21-61 VALORIFICAREA CĂLDURII DIN APELE INDUSTRIALE UZATE

RECOVERY OF HEAT INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER
Secondary energy resources (RES) with low thermal potential such as
heat from industrial wastewater and exhaust flue gases have substantial energy
content. The current trend to recovery of this RES consist of develop to
researches and plants for electrical power. This paper presents the current
state of energy conversion using organic Ranking cycle (ORC).
Cuvinte cheie: ape uzate industriale, ciclul organic Rankine, resursă
energetică secundară, conversie energie termică, potenţial termic redus
Keywords: industrial wastewater, organic Ranking cycle, secondary
energy source, converting heat, low grade waste heat

61 VALORIFICAREA CĂLDURII DIN APELE


21-60 DETERMINAREA VITEZEI VÂNTULUI PE BAZA VALORILOR MĂSURĂTORILOR EXPERIMENTALE OBŢINUTE DE LA STÂLPI ANEMOMETRICI

DETERMINATION OF WIND SPEED BASED ON
EXPERIMENTAL VALUES OBTAINED FROM
ANEMOMETERS POLES
Initial phase of an investment for a wind farm must contain the exact
wind potential in the target area. Where are used to determine weather features
anemometers poles, can accurately assess the wind potential on top of the pole
and above. Using the experimental values can determine wind speed at heights
above the pole, but it is possible to check the accuracy of function required of
wind velocity with height.
Cuvinte cheie: vânt, viteza vântului, energia şi puterea vântului, funcţia
de variaţie a vitezei vântului, strat limită
Keywords: wind, wind speed, wind energy and power, variation
function for wind speed, boundary layer

60 DETERMINAREA VITEZEI VÂNTULUI PE BAZA


21-59 ENERGII ALTERNATIVE. CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND UTILIZAREA COLECTORILOR SOLARI CU FOCALIZARE

ALTERNATIVE ENERGIES. CONSIDERATIONS
ON THE USE FOCUSING SOLAR COLLECTOR
This paper presents some aspects of performance increase energy
conversion systems of solar radiation into thermal energy and then electricity.
Concentration of solar radiation is increased flow requirement imposed by solar
radiation incident on the collector.
Cuvinte cheie: colector solar cu focalizare, radiaţie solară incidentă,
reflector solar, receptor, factor de concentrare
Keywords: solar collector focusing incident solar radiation, solar
reflector, receiver, concentration factor

59 ENERGII ALTERNATIVE. CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND


21-58 CONCENTRATOARE DE RADIAȚIE SOLARĂ PENTRU CONVERSIA HELIOTERMICĂ

CONCENTRATORS OF SOLAR RADIATION FOR
HELIOTHERMIC CONVERSION
Solar energy has the greatest potential of all renewable energy and it
is used in broad areas of activity, especially for hot water production.
Converting solar energy into thermal energy is realized in solar collectors. Solar
radiation reprezent the way to the future world economy.
Cuvinte cheie: radiație solară, colectori, conversie, captatori solari
Keywords: solar radiation, collectors, conversion, solar collectors

58 CONCENTRATOARE DE RADIAȚIE SOLARĂ


21-57 VALORIFICAREA ENERGIEI VALURILOR

WAVE ENERGY RECOVERY
The paper presents the main installations and technologies that are
presently used for wave energy exploitation. The energetic and ecological
advantages of wave energy usage are brought forward. The authors notice the
opportunity of developing wave energy usage in the Black Sea area.
Cuvinte cheie: energia valurilor, potențial energetic, instalații,
oportunități, impact, mediu
Keywords: wave energy, potential energy, facilities, opportunities,
impacts, environmental

57 VALORIFICAREA ENERGIEI VALURILOR


21-56 MULTIPLICATOARELE INSTALAŢIILOR ENERGETICE EOLIENE ( II )

MULTIPLIERS OF THE WIND TURBINES ( II )
This paper emphasizes the changes appeared in the technique of the
wind turbine driving in the last two decades.
Three schemes of multipliers used now are presented and the
calculus elements are done allowing the structural optimization of these
transmissions.
Cuvinte cheie: transmisii eoliene, multiplicatoare eoliene, turbine
eoliene
Keywords: wind gearbox, wind multipliers, wind turbines

56 MULTIPLICATOARELE INSTALAŢIILOR


21-55 MULTIPLICATOARELE INSTALAŢIILOR ENERGETICE EOLIENE ( I )

MULTIPLIERS OF THE WIND TURBINES ( I )
This paper emphasizes the changes appeared in the technique of the
wind turbine driving in the last two decades.
Three schemes of multipliers used now are presented and the
calculus elements are done allowing the structural optimization of these
transmissions.
Cuvinte cheie: transmisii eoliene, multiplicatoare eoliene, turbine eoliene
Keywords: wind gearbox, wind multipliers, wind turbines

55 MULTIPLICATOARELE INSTALAŢIILOR


21-54 ENERGIA EOLIANĂ ÎN CONTEXTUL DEZVOLTĂRII DURABILE

WIND ENERGY IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
This work represents the current state of implementation of wind energy
worldwide and especially in our country. Emphasized the benefits and
opportunities this form of renewable energy development with reference to
obligations under the Kyoto Protocol and EU directives. It represents current
technical and economic data.
Cuvinte cheie: energie eoliană, costuri, eficienţă, tendinţă
Keywords: wind power, cost, efficiency, tendency

54 ENERGIA EOLIANĂ ÎN CONTEXTUL


21-53 ASUPRA VALORIFICĂRII ENERGIEI VÂNTULUI ÎN ROMÂNIA

SUR LA VALORIFICATION DE L’ÉNERGIE ÉOLIENNE
EN ROUMANIE
Réorientation des Etats membres de l’UE, dirigée par des énergies
propres, a déterminé les facteurs roumains, de décision, à reconsidérer leur
position sur l’allocation des fonds pour étudier et utiliser de l’énergie éolienne;
la Roumanie ayant l’un de les plus importants potentiel d’énergie éolienne en
Europe. À cet égard, l’ouvrage vient à présente des éléments importants sur le
potentiel de l’énergie de Roumanie, avec l’exemplification pour l’emplacement
de Sulina. Les données contenues dans l’ouvrage ayant conduit à la nécessité
de développer le secteur de l’énergie éolienne, comme source d’énergie
alternative de l’avenir.
Cuvinte cheie: vânt, energie eoliană, curbe de frecvenţă, agregate
eoliene
Mots-clés: courbes de fréquence de l’énergie éolienne du vent, du
vent, les agrégats

53 ASUPRA VALORIFICĂRII ENERGIEI


21-52 CENTRALE SOLARE TERMO-ELECTRICE, UN NOU COMITET TEHNIC INTERNAŢIONAL DE STANDARDIZARE CEI CT 117

SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRIC PLANTS, A NEW TECHNICAL
COMMITTEE, IEC TC 117
The Technical Committee IEC TC 117, Solar Thermal Electric (STE)
Plants will develop standards for the measurements and the evaluation
techniques, security, to respond to the needs of different sector agents.
Cuvinte cheie: energie, energie solară, sisteme fotovoltaice
Keywords: energy, solar energy, photovoltaic systems

52 CENTRALE SOLARE TERMO-ELECTRICE, UN NOU


21-51 OPORTUNITATEA UTILIZĂRII ENERGIEI SOLARE ÎN ROMÂNIA

THE OPPORTUNITY OF USING SOLAR ENERGY IN
ROMANIA
This synthesis presents essentially uses of solar energy and how
solar energy is used with certain conversion technologies. In accordance with
legislation still in force solar energy manufacturers meet certain conditions
benefit from various advantages such as green certificates.
Cuvinte cheie: energie solară, panouri solare, energie termică,
certificate verzi
Keywords: solar energy, solar panels, heat, green certificates

51 OPORTUNITATEA UTILIZĂRII ENERGIEI


21-50 TEHNOLOGIE DE EVALUARE EXPERIMENTALĂ A REZISTENŢEI MECANICE LA SARCINI DE IMPACT A FASCICULULUI COMBUSTIBIL EXPERIMENTAL TIP CANDU

TECHNOLOGY FOR EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE
MECHANICAL COMPRESSION RESISTANCE AT IMPACT
LOAD ON CANDU TYPE FUEL BUNDLE
The paper is referring to the test technology evolution of CANDU
experimental fuel bundle at the Institute for Nuclear Research Piteşti. The outof-
reactor test rig and the special devices for evaluation of the nuclear fuel
mechanical resistance performance at dynamic impact load, using light water at
representative parameters (pressure, temperature and flow rate) for CANDU 6
reactor operating conditions, is described.
This paper describes the original improvements implemented and
practically applied to mechanical resistance of carrier fuel bundle validation
technology. Some results and conclusions are presented at the end.
Cuvinte cheie: impact, buclă de testare, simulator adaptor combustibil,
fascicul combustibil de testare, fascicul combustibil transportor
Keywords: impact, loop test, simulator adapter fuel, fuel bundle
testing, fuel transporter beam

50 TEHNOLOGIE DE EVALUARE EXPERIMENTALĂ


21-49 CONSIDERAŢII ASUPRA FRÂNELOR ELECTROMAGNETICE CU FRICŢIUNE ŞI ARCURI DE PRESIUNE (II)

CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKE
WITH FRICTION AND COMPRESION SPRINGS (II)
The paper presents the basic elements about function of
electromagnetic with friction and compression springs
Cuvinte cheie: frâne electromagnetice
Keywords: brakes

49 CONSIDERAŢII ASUPRA FRÂNELOR


21-48 CONSIDERAŢII ASUPRA FRÂNELOR ELECTROMAGNETICE CU FRICŢIUNE ŞI ARCURI DE PRESIUNE (I)

CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKE
WITH FRICTION AND COMPRESION SPRINGS (I)
The paper presents the basic elements about function of
electromagnetic with friction and compression springs
Cuvinte cheie: frâne electromagnetice
Keywords: brakes

48 CONSIDERAŢII ASUPRA FRÂNELOR


21-47 ÎMBUNĂTĂŢIREA INDICATORILOR CALITATIVI DE UTILIZARE A ENERGIEI ELECTRICE LA CAE

INDICATORS QUALITATIVE IMPROVEMENT
OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY AT EAF
Electric arc furnace is one of consumers who have negative effects in
terms of the circulation of reactive power, un-balance consumer, and harmonics
injected into the network.
Cuvinte cheie: cuptor electric cu arc, instalaţie de compensare, factor de
putere, filtrare a curenţilor armonici
Keywords: electric arc furnace, air compensation, power factor, filtering
of harmonic currents

47 ÎMBUNĂTĂŢIREA INDICATORILOR CALITATIVI DE


21-46 UTILIZAREA MAṢINII ASINCRONE ÎN ACŢIONAREA HIBRIDᾸ ṢI PUR ELECTRICᾸ A AUTOMOBILELOR

ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR UTILISATION IN HYBRID AND
ELECTRICAL VEHICLES
The performance and fuel economy of a fuel cell powered vehicle [1]
are greatly improved by the use of a hybrid drive train. The hybridization allows
taking full advantage of the fuel cell system efficiency characteristics.
The fuel cell is thus operated at average power demands where it is
the most efficient, while the batteries supply the traction motors at low power
demands and assists the fuel cell at high power demands.
One investigates the possible fuel cell hybrid drive trains and
compares on the grounds of fuel economy and feasibility. Then, based on the
conclusions of this first analysis, a discussion of the most suitable electric
motors will follow.
Then it is presented a solution based on the asynchronous motor,
highlighting it’s advatages over other types of drives.
The Induction Motor (IM) is, without any doubt, the workhorse in
industry due to its ruggedness, simple technology and low cost. During the last
decade, the induction motor has been replaced in many variable speed drives
by the Permanent Magnet (PM) motor since the PM machine has better
efficiency and higher torque density [2]. That was possible also due to a
significant reduction of the magnets cost that happened in the past.
The goal of the paper is to investigate the possibility to use the FVC(Flux
Vector Control) for induction motors in traction applications.
Cuvinte cheie: automobil electric, lanț de transmisie, maşină asincronă
Keywords: electric car, chain transmission, asynchronous machine

46 UTILIZAREA MAṢINII ASINCRONE ÎN ACŢIONAREA


21-45 INTENSITATEA CÂMPULUI ELECTRIC ŞI TENSIUNEA DE DESCĂRCARE ÎNTRE ELECTROZII ELECTROFILTRELOR INDUSTRIALE CU PLĂCI

THE ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGTH AND DISCHARGE
VOLTAGE BETWEEN THE ELECTRODES OF INDUSTRIAL
PLATE-TYPE ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
This paper presents an analysis on discharge wires and collecting plates
used at industrial plate-type electrostatic precipitators. Electric field strength is
presented (maximum and mean value) and discharge voltage, that voltage
depends on the gas properties and the product between the pressure and
distance.
Cuvinte cheie: electrofiltre cu plăci, intensitatea câmpului electric,
tensiunea de descărcare
Keywords: electrostatic plate, electric field strength, the discharge
voltage

45 INTENSITATEA CÂMPULUI ELECTRIC ŞI TENSIUNEA


21-44 MODELAREA CÂMPULUI ELECTROMAGNETIC UTILIZÂND POTENŢIALUL VECTOR

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD MODELLING
USING VECTOR POTENTIAL
This paper deals with modeling the electromagnetic field through the
vector potential. Appealing to Maxwell’s equations, field modeling provides a
tool for further investigation to study the magnetic field for RFID reader-tag
systems. The results from this article will be used in other workpaper which
treats a practical RFID system.
Keywords: RFID system, electromagnetic field, vector potential, field
modelling
Cuvinte cheie: sistem RFID, câmp electromagnetic, potenţial vector,
modelare de câmp

44 MODELAREA CÂMPULUI ELECTROMAGNETIC


21-43 MODELAREA DE CÂMP A UNUI SISTEM READER-TAG RFID

FIELD MODELLING OF A RFID READER-TAG SYSTEM
Determination of the magnetic field at large distances from the dipole,
uses specific and distinguishable models from case which calculation is made
for nearby points. The two situations are treated through distinctly ways in this
paper. The results from this article will be used directly into design a magnetic
field modelling for RFID reader-tag systems.
Cuvinte cheie: sistem RFID, câmp electromagnetic, potenţial vector,
modelare de câmp
Keywords: RFID system, electromagnetic field, vector potential, field
modelling

43 MODELAREA DE CÂMP A UNUI SISTEM


21-42 MANAGEMENTUL ENERGIEI – ACTIVITATE DE STANDARDIZARE

ENERGY MANAGEMENT –STANDARIZATION ACTIVITY
This paper presents european and international standardization
activity regarding energy management, quality of auditing process and
standardization needs related to EU energy legislation, policy targhets and
market developments
Cuvinte cheie: management, energie, benchmarking, audit
Keywords: management, energy, benchmarking, audit

42 MANAGEMENTUL ENERGIEI – ACTIVITATE


21-41 MODELUL UNUI COMUTATOR STATIC DE SURSE DE ENERGIE ELECTRICĂ FĂRĂ ÎNTRERUPEREA ALIMENTĂRII SARCINII

MODEL OF A STATIC SWITCH FOR ELECTRICAL SOURCES
WITHOUT INTERRUPTIONS IN LOAD SUPPLY
This paper presents a SIMULINK model of the static switch power supply
of a task without interrupting its supply. The model may be so fixed as to achieve
the power supply switching time less than 10ms. This algorithm is based on
identifying loss switching voltage on a circuit or decrease its peak below a certain
threshold. The model was designed to allow easy implementation using a system
based on a general purpose microcontroller with common resources, not from the
top.
Cuvinte cheie: achiziție de date, semnal unificat, monitorizarea tensiunii
Keywords: data acquisition, signal unified voltage monitoring

41 MODELUL UNUI COMUTATOR STATIC DE SURSE DE


21-40 METODĂ ANALITICĂ PENTRU STUDIUL PUNŢII DE DIODE AVÂND O SARCINĂ COMPLEXĂ

THE DIODE-BRIDGE WITH A COMPLEX LOAD
Commonly, three-phase diode bridge rectifiers are often used to
convert AC input into a DC voltage. It is well known that they generate large
amounts of harmonic currents in DC and AC sides.The paper proposes an
analytical method for calculating the harmonic currents of a three-phase diodebridge
under non-symmetrical supply conditions and with a complex load. We
are considering a three-phase ideal diode-bridge fed by a non-symmetrical
voltage system: ea(x) = Easin(x-x1), eb(x) = Ebsin(x-x2) and ec(x) = Ecsin(x-x3).
Performing those calculations we obtain the Fourier coefficients of serial
development for the harmonic currents on both the DC and AC sides. The
equations for the harmonic currents are derived, taking into account the effects
of the DC and AC side impedances. All the calculations are conducted only by
algebraic calculation with high accuracy. The proposed method can be easily
extended to the harmonic analysis of three-phase thyristor-bridge with nonsymmetrical
supply conditions and a complex load.
Cuvinte cheie: punte de diode, alimentare nesimetrică, sarcină complexă,
analiză armonică
Keywords: bridge diode, symmetrical power, complex task, harmonic
analysis

40 METODĂ ANALITICĂ PENTRU STUDIUL PUNŢII


21-39 INFLUENŢA PĂTURII DE CURENT DIN ÎNFĂŞURAREA TRIFAZATĂ A UNUI GENERATOR SINCRON, ASUPRA REACTANŢELOR ACESTUIA

INFLUENCE OF CURRENT BLANKET FROM THREE-PHASE
WINDING OF SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR ON
REACTANCES OF ITS
In the optimal design of synchronous generator is necessary to
analyze the influence of different important sizes (current blanket, A, induction
of the air gap, Bδ, the stator inner diameter, D, air gap width, δ, etc.) on the
external parameters (dimensions, mass, cost, efficiency, etc.) or internal
(reactance, currents, time constants, etc.) of the synchronous generator. In this
paper we analyze the influence of the current blanket reactance synchronous
generator. Analysis was performed using an optimization program written in
MathCad.
Keywords: Blankets current, synchronous generator, design, optimization,
reaction.
Cuvinte cheie: pătura de curent, generator sincron, proiectare, optimizare,
reactanţe.

39 INFLUENŢA PĂTURII DE CURENT DIN ÎNFĂŞURAREA


21-38 INFLUENŢA MĂRIMII ÎNTREFIERULUI UNUI GENERATOR SINCRON TRIFAZAT, ASUPRA COSTULUI TOTAL AL ACESTUIA

INFLUENCE OF SIZE AIR GAP A THREE-PHASE
SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR THE TOTAL COST OF ITS
The total cost of a three-phase synchronous generator, containing the
cost of manufacturing and operating costs throughout its life, depends on the
size of the generator and its air gap. The air gap is size with a small value
compared with dimensions of synchronous generator, but is strongly influenced
by electromagnetic requests. In this paper we aimed to analyze the influence of
air gap variation on overall dimensions, mass of active materials, loss of these
and implicitly on the total cost. This analysis was possible after writing a
program for optimal design of synchronous generator using MathCAD software.
Cuvinte cheie: întrefier, generator sincron, optimizare, cost total
Keywords: air gap, synchronous generator, optimization, total cost

38 INFLUENŢA MĂRIMII ÎNTREFIERULUI UNUI


21-37 COMANDA MOTOARELOR DE CURENT CONTINUU PRIN LĂŢIMEA IMPULSURILOR

DC MOTORS CONTROL BY PULSE WIDTH
This paper proposes a modern method of adjusting the rotation speed
of a DC motor. Development of DC static converters will allow adjustment of
DC engine revolution by variation of supply voltage variation; you can get
through that varies the voltage.
Study of pulse control of a DC motor is achieved by pulse width
variation obtained by using static converters.
For a clearer example of the link between the setting of a gear and an
automatic system will give an example of such a system by designing and
establishing the necessary characteristics of the components of the schema
which contains the control of impulses modulation.
Cuvinte cheie: motor, reglarea vitezei, impulsuri, modulaţie
Keywords: motor, speed control, pulse modulation

37 COMANDA MOTOARELOR DE CURENT CONTINUU


21-36 PROIECTAREA SESIZORULUI CAPACITIV DE ÎNTRERUPERE A UNEI FAZE, A SISTEMULUI TRIFAZAT DE ALIMENTARE CU ENERGIE A MOTOARELOR ELECTRICE

DESIGN OF CAPACITIVE SESIZORULUI
CANCELLATION OF A THREE-PHASE SYSTEM,
THE POWER OF ELECTRIC MOTORS
In this paper presents the design of capacitive sensor used for phase
brake of a three phase system, for electronic protection relay of three-phase
induction motors. The electronic protection depends on the load current
amplitude, which does not allow starting the motor in two phases.
Cuvinte cheie: sesizor capacitiv, protecţii, motoare electrice
Keywords: capacitive sensing, protection, electric motors

36 PROIECTAREA SESIZORULUI CAPACITIV DE


21-35 ACŢIONĂRI ELECTRICE PERFORMANTE CU MAŞINI ASINCRONE ŞI SINCRONE

ASYNCHRONOUS AND SYNCHRONOUS PERFORMANCE
ELECTRIC DRIVES
Power electronics controlled high-performance AC drives belong to hightech
industry is one of main factors for energy saving and productivity growth.
Cuvinte cheie: acţionări electrice, convertor sursă de tensiune, convertor
sursă de curent, convertor matricial.
Keywords: drives, converter voltage source, current source converter,
matrix converter

35 ACŢIONĂRI ELECTRICE PERFORMANTE CU MAŞINI


21-34 COMPARAȚIE PRIVIND METODE UZUALE DE DIMENSIONARE A INSTALAŢIILOR DE LEGARE LA PĂMÂNT. O ANALIZĂ PARALELĂ A STANDARDELOR ROMÂNEŞTI ŞI IEEE

COMPARISON REGARDING USUAL METHODS FOR
CALIBRATION GROUNDING INSTALLATIONS. ONE PARALEL
ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE ROMANIAN AND IEEE
STANDARDIZATION
Safety for both the operational personnel and the power electrical
installations are dependent at a great extent by the correct dimensioned
grounding installations herewith involved. From this point of view, is very
important the careful understanding for basic principles in order to optimize the
costs in balance with the required conditions for complete safety in which are
working the operational personnel.
Cuvinte cheie: instalația de legare la pământ, curenți de calcul prin
corp, limite admise, tensiuni de atingere și de de pas, ipoteze de dimensionare
Keywords: plant earth, the body current calculation, values range,
touch voltages and step, sizing assumptions

34 COMPARAȚIE PRIVIND METODE UZUALE DE


21-33 SOLICITĂRI ALE IZOLAȚIEI ECHIPAMENTELOR DIN CELULA DE MĂSURARE 110 kV

INSULATION STRESSES IN THE 110 kV MEASURING BAY
The paper presents the simulation results regarding the transients due
to bus-bar disconnector operation at the measuring bay of a 110 kV substation.
Cuvinte cheie: solicitări dielectrice, manevre cu separatoarele
Keywords: dielectric applications, maneuvers with separators

33 SOLICITĂRI ALE IZOLAȚIEI ECHIPAMENTELOR DIN


21-32 O ABORDARE INFORMATIZATĂ ÎN DESCRIEREA PROCESELOR DINTR-O C.H.E.A.P.

ONE INFORMATIC APPROACH TO DESCRIBE THE
PROCESS FROM ONE HPP WITH STORING FACILITIES
In the conditions of today world wide rising price for conventional fuels,
the renewables and especially those of hydro power domain are coming to play
one more important role at higher efficiency. The most complex hydro power
plant HPP having storing energy facilities is already planned in our country into
the forseen future; it will be at the level of 1.000 MW/400 kV as rated power and
transmission voltage with the expected commissioning term-by the year 2020.
Cuvinte cheie: centrale hidroelectrice cu acumulare prin pompaj
Keywords: central hydroelectric reservoir by pumping

32 O ABORDARE INFORMATIZATĂ ÎN DESCRIEREA


21-31 VALIDAREA UNOR MODELE ÎN REȚELELE DE MEDIE TENSIUNE

MODELS VAALIDATION IN MEDIUM VOLTAGE NETWORKS
The paper presents parts of a measurement program developed on a
20 kV distribution line and the corresponding ATP simulation. Comparisons are
made between the measured data and the simulation results.
Cuvinte cheie: modelare, regimuri tranzitorii
Keywords: modeling, transient

31 VALIDAREA UNOR MODELE ÎN


21-30 ASPECTE PRIVIND COMPOZIŢIA PATINEI UNOR MONEDE ROMANE DE BRONZ

ASPECTS CONCERNING THE COMPOSITION OF SOME
BRONZE ROMAN COINS PATINA
The earlier roman bronze denominations, such as and sestertius, were
stroked in bronze (Cu Sn binary alloy). The coinage title decreases on the later
Roman Empire, silver denarius were finally replaced by the copper follies. The
X-ray diffraction analysis of such coins surface allows us to identify the rust
compounds. We found that on the bronze coins surface are developed mainly
copper oxides, hydroxides as well as tin oxide. We also reach a complex CuSn
hydroxide which gives a greenish yellow shade of the patina. The green hue of
patina is significant enhanced by the average of copper carbonate content also
found as a patina component. The copper foils feature only copper oxides and
hydroxides without carbonates. It proves that the investigated follies laid in a
more inert soil (e.g. quartz sand). The colour of patina is dark brown to shiny
black due to the refined mixture of copper oxides and hydroxide. Some quartz
traces were identified on the coins surfaces as residues of soil. The performed
analysis gives important data useful for modern fake’s identification.
Cuvinte cheie: patină, structură, difracţie cu raze X
Keywords: skate, structure, X-ray diffraction

30 ASPECTE PRIVIND COMPOZIŢIA PATINEI UNOR


21-29 APLICAŢII ALE LASERULUI ÎN ŞTIINŢĂ ŞI TEHNICĂ

APLICATIONS OF LASER IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Processing technologies in recent decades have greatly expanded
what led to the development of new technological methods and very effective.
Because of their novelty and distinction to the classical processing procedures,
these technologies are called unconventional technologies. They are
characterized by a high productivity and are used mainly in areas not served
conventional technologies.
Cuvinte cheie: laserul, aplicaţii, medicină, stomatologie, ştiinţă,
industrie, comunicaţii
Keywords: laser applications, medicine, dentistry, science, industry,
communications

29 APLICAŢII ALE LASERULUI ÎN ŞTIINŢĂ ŞI TEHNICĂ


21-28 O METODĂ DE EVALUARE A UNIFORMITĂŢII DE DISTRIBUŢIE A SEMINŢELOR CULTURILOR TRIFOLIENE

A METHOD FOR EVALUATING SEED DISTRIBUTION
UNIFORMITY OF TRIFOLIUM CROPS
A method is presented for evaluation of small seeds distribution
uniformity under laboratory conditions. The advantage of this method consists
in a morequicker evaluation of seed distribution uniformity using computer
aided techniques. The program developed in a computational program
determines the number of seeds sown on a surface by converting an image
taken from the sown surface to a binary numeral system by specific
mathematical formula inputted into the program.
Cuvinte cheie: evaluare, distribuţie, seminţe, semănat, uniformitate
Keywords: evaluation, distribution, seed, sow, uniformity

28 O METODĂ DE EVALUARE A UNIFORMITĂŢII DE


21-27 REOLOGIA FĂINURILOR AGLUTENICE

RHEOLOGY OF GLUTEN-FREE FLOURS
Many peoples fear the limitations and restrictions imposed by the diet,
even if it means following certain rules, life with celiac disease can be lived with
intensity and joy, because gluten-free food provided by food in quantities of
increasingly larger.
Cuvinte cheie: fără gluten, celiachie, amilază1, amidon
Keywords: gluten free, celiac disease, amylase, starch

27 REOLOGIA FĂINURILOR AGLUTENICE


21-26 VEHICULE CU PERNĂ DE AER

VEHICLES WITH THE CUSHION OF AIR
Vehicles on a pillow of air (or her ship named și pernopter) moving
above the water or soil through the cushion of air created under taken with the
help of powerful fans. This cushion is formed by jets of air in refloat large
amount of pressure și with a installation fan blower. Jets of air are directed to
the surface of water through the nozzle acetate on the periphery vehicle.
Cushion of air has the 0.5-5 m3, function the tonnage vehicle speed, work
surface of continuity etc. Vehicles with air cushion pay multiple: high-speed
travel, resistance by advancing small, consumption than fuel, the possibility of a
pass over areas with one small dry land or injured.
Work synthesizes presentation vehicles the cushion of air, advantages
and disadvantages, a short historical as well as și examples of their use. The
future is completely favourable this means of transport the water și on land
raised și accessible.
Cuvinte cheie: vehicule cu pernă de aer, clasificări, istoric, avantaje,
dezavantaje, exemple, viitorul vehiculelor pe pernă de aer
Keywords: vehicles with the cushion of air, classifications, historian,
advantages and disadvantages, examples, future vehicles the cushion of air

26 VEHICULE CU PERNĂ DE AER


21-25 VEHICULE ELECTRICE

ELECTRIC VEHICLES
The electric vehicles offer the opportunity of combining the advantages
of environmentally-friendly mobility with an efficient utilization of electricity
supply grids. Standardization plays a key role in the development of automotive
industry, as in the other fields, in order to prepare suitable standards for road
vehicles which are fully or partially propelled by an electric motor. The priority is
given to the passenger cars and commercial vehicles as well as motor vehicles
with two or three wheels.
Cuvinte cheie: vehicul electric, staţie de încărcare, interfaţă, reţea
inteligentă, securitate
Keywords: electric vehicle, charging station, interface, smart grid,
security

25 VEHICULE ELECTRICE


21-24 METROUL Partea a II-a

SUBWAY
Most large towns and cities in the world, trying to solve urban transport
as efficiently as low pollution.
Travel by Metro provides commercial speed of 30-45 km/h, with traffic
up to 90 s duration between two trains, a maximum transport 10,000
passengers per train (of 6 cars) and distances between stations of 600-1000 m.
In recent years, have built automated metro systems without conductor/driver,
which are directly controlled from a control centred. It is estimated that one
kilometre of underground line costs 30 million Euros.
It presents some generalities on the metro, public transport it, looking
at the short subways in London, Budapest, Paris, Madrid and Bucharest.
Cuvinte cheie: transport urban, metrou greu, metrou ușor, sisteme
automate de conducere, diferite linii de metrou în Londra, Budapesta, Paris,
Madrid și București
Keywords: transportation, subway hard, light rail, automated
management, different subway lines in London, Budapest, Paris, Madrid and
Bucharest

24 METROUL


21-23 METROUL Partea I

SUBWAY
Most large towns and cities in the world, trying to solve urban transport
as efficiently as low pollution.
Travel by Metro provides commercial speed of 30-45 km/h, with traffic
up to 90 s duration between two trains, a maximum transport 10,000
passengers per train (of 6 cars) and distances between stations of 600-1000 m.
In recent years, have built automated metro systems without conductor/driver,
which are directly controlled from a control centred. It is estimated that one
kilometre of underground line costs 30 million Euros.
It presents some generalities on the metro, public transport it, looking
at the short subways in London, Budapest, Paris, Madrid and Bucharest.
Cuvinte cheie: transport urban, metrou greu, metrou ușor, sisteme
automate de conducere, diferite linii de metrou în Londra, Budapesta, Paris și
București
Keywords: transportation, subway hard, light rail, automated
management, different subway lines in London, Budapest, Paris and Bucharest

23 METROUL


21-22 TRENURI DE MARE VITEZĂ partea a II-a

HIGH-SPEED TRAIN
High-speed trains are trains may grow higher speeds of 200 km/h,
normally, their speed of between 200 km/h and 300 km/h.
Time has proved that movement Romania on the railway was not
merely a utopia as there was no ambition somewhat because of brave in
search of Nov get, but a very necessary adjustment to the requirements
weather. Big și briefly trains, have a form hours, perfectly smooth, with
suspensors on cushions of air și facilities technological contemporary because
passengers feel comfort during a trip that takes very little because speed of up
to 200-220 km/h. Family trains high-speed has members in a growing number
of countries and the future is very promising.
Cuvinte cheie: trenuri de mare viteză, levitație magnetică, șine
convenționale, suspensie magnetică, tren Maglev, TGV, Pendolino
Keywords: high-speed train, levitation magnetic, lines of train
conventionally, suspensor magnetic, train Maglev, TGV, Pendolino

22 TRENURI DE MARE VITEZĂ


21-21 TRENURI DE MARE VITEZĂ partea I

HIGH-SPEED TRAIN
High-speed trains are trains may grow higher speeds of 200 km/h,
normally, their speed of between 200 km/h and 300 km/h.
Time has proved that movement Romania on the railway was not
merely a utopia as there was no ambition somewhat because of brave in
search of Nov get, but a very necessary adjustment to the requirements
weather. Big și briefly trains, have a form hours, perfectly smooth, with
suspensors on cushions of air și facilities technological contemporary because
passengers feel comfort during a trip that takes very little because speed of up
to 200-220 km/h. Family trains high-speed has members in a growing number
of countries and the future is very promising.
Cuvinte cheie: trenuri de mare viteză, levitație magnetică, șine
convenționale, suspensie magnetică, tren Maglev, TGV, Pendolino
Keywords: high-speed train, levitation magnetic, lines of train
conventionally, suspensor magnetic, train Maglev, TGV, Pendolino

21 TRENURI DE MARE VITEZĂ


21-20 SELECTAREA AUTOMATĂ A MATERIALELOR TEXTILE DUPĂ NUANŢA CULORII

AUTOMATIC SELECTION OF TEXTILE STUFF
IN TERMS OF COLOUR HUE
This paper treats an interfacing system between a PC IBM compatible
machine and an acquisition structure of tint colour information by textile stuff
samples. The described system presents one hardware part and other software
part. The hardware part consists in two interconnected subsystems. The first
subsystem has one electronic structure that takes up the colour tint textile stuff
sample’s signature. The other subsystem consists by one interface between the
PC and the above subsystem. The software part consists by two subsystems.
The first is a data achievement protocol and the second subsystem is a
graphical interface. All the software routines have written in C++ programming
language.
Cuvinte cheie: sistem hardware, sistem software, placă de achiziţie,
semnal de culoare, corelare de fază, informaţie de culoare
Keywords: hardware system, software system, acquisition board, colour
signal, phase correlation, colour information

20 SELECTAREA AUTOMATĂ A MATERIALELOR


21-19 MODALITĂŢI COMPARATIVE DE CALCUL ALE ELEMENTULUI DE ÎNCHIDERE ÎN CAZUL UNUI LANŢ DE DIMENSIUNI LINIARE

USING COMPARATIVE METHODS OF CALCULATING THE
LINEAR DIMENSIONS OF CLOSED LINKS IN A CHAIN
In this paper there are two methods of calculating the elements that
make up the size of a chain. It addresses the problem of determining the size of
each link using the methods of algebraic and probabilistic. The calculation of
the size is presented in a totally interchangeable condition.
Cuvinte cheie: lanţ de dimensiuni, element de închidere, metoda
algebrică, metoda probabilistică
Keywords: chain sizes, locking element, algebraic method,
probabilistic method

19 MODALITĂŢI COMPARATIVE DE CALCUL ALE


21-18 UTILIZAREA SOFTULUI EDUCAŢIONAL ÎN PREDAREA DESENULUI TEHNIC

USING EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE IN TEACHING
TECHNICAL DESIGN
The paper presents how you can use educational software in teaching
technical design in a more attractive way for students. This approach requires
owners of competence in informatics, technical drawings, and mechanics
areas. To explain how to transpose a piece of the 2D 3Dspace is difficult, using
traditional means of education. So the solution to these problems is the creation
and use of educational software which can be updated at any time.
Cuvinte cheie: soft educaţional, desen tehnic, animaţie, resurse
multimedia, design educaţional, material interactiv .
Keywords: educational software, industrial design, animation,
multimedia resources, educational design, interactive material

18 UTILIZAREA SOFTULUI EDUCAŢIONAL ÎN


21-17 IMPORTANŢA METODELOR DE ÎNVĂȚĂMÂNT ÎN SISTEMUL EDUCAŢIONAL

THE IMPORTANCE OF METHODS IN EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM
In an educational system in which the knowing and doing are true
individual training standards, teaching plays an important role. Educational
methods are a bridge between traditional teaching and the modern, the jointing
of the two being the optimal variant of current education.
Keywords: education, methods, know, educational system
Cuvinte cheie: educaţi, metode educaţionale, cunoaştere, sistem
educaţional

17 IMPORTANŢA METODELOR DE ÎNVĂȚĂMÂNT


21-16 ÎMBUNĂTĂŢIREA CALITĂŢII PRODUCŢIEI LA S.C LISA DRAEXLMAIER HUNEDOARA

IMPROVEMENT OF PRODUCTION TO
S.C LISA DRAEXLMAIER HUNEDOARA
Market quality firm is more than its products. It includes: quality of
each employee, the quality of collaboration between internal components of the
company and between company and outside the company’s policy on quality.
Work to achieve total quality begins with an effort to motivate staff.
This effort leads to resorting to techniques and methods of human resource
management.
Cuvinte cheie: calitate, producţie, management, resurse umane
Keywords: quality, production, management, human resources

16 ÎMBUNĂTĂŢIREA CALITĂŢII PRODUCŢIEI LA


21-15 STABILIREA UNEI PROCEDURI PRIVIND FURNIZAREA SERVICIILOR DE REALIZARE A INSTALAŢIILOR ÎN CADRUL UNEI ORGANIZAŢII

ESTABLISHMENT OF PROCEDURES FOR THE PROVISION
OF SERVICES TO CONDUCT FACILITIES
WITHIN AN ORGANIZATION
This paper shows how establishing a procedure for achieving service
delivery facilities within an organization that is implemented an integrated
quality-environment-health management and operational security, according to
SR EN ISO 9001:2008, EN ISO 14001:2005, OHSAS 18001:2004.
Cuvinte cheie: Sistem integrat de management, calitate, mediu,
standard
Keywords: integrated management system, quality environmental
standard

15 STABILIREA UNEI PROCEDURI PRIVIND FURNIZAREA


21-14 NOI STANDARDE REFERITOARE LA CRITERII DE DURABILITATE PENTRU PRODUCŢIA DE BIOCOMBUSTIBILI

NEW STANDARDS ON SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA
FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS
Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Commission on the promotion
of the use of energy from renewable sources, incorporates an advanced
binding sustainability scheme for biofuels and bioliquids for the European
market. Both the EC and CEN agreed that standards may play an important
role in the implementation of the EU biofuel and bioliquid sustainability scheme.
Cuvinte cheie: surse regenerabile, criterii de durabilitate, biocarburant,
biolichid, biomasă
Keywords: renewable sources, sustainability criteria, biofuel and
bioliquid, biomass

14 NOI STANDARDE REFERITOARE LA CRITERII


21-13 SOFT DE OPTIMIZARE A PARTENERIATELOR DINTRE MEDIUL DE AFACERI ȘI ONG-URI, PENTRU DEZVOLTARE DURABILĂ

OPTIMIZATION SOFTWARE FOR PARTNERSHIPS BETWEEN
BUSINESES AND NGOS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
The article present the corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a form
of cooperation between business environment and nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs), which promote social projects by companies in the
economic implications (for businesses that increase their power in the
community and NGOs are already visible through the projects it carries)
The software application aims to support the two actors, optimizing the
chances of successful partnerships between business environment and NGOs.
Cuvinte cheie: RSC, ONG, parteneriat, soft
Keywords: CSR, NGO, partnership, software
13 SOFT DE OPTIMIZARE A PARTENERIATELOR DINTRE


22-12 INTERFAŢA SISTEMULUI INFORMATIC DE ASISTAREA DECIZIILOR CU SOLUŢIE BUSINESS INTELIGENCE PENTRU IMM-URILE DIN ROMÂNIA

Globalization is a new challenge for European Small and Medium. On
the one hand is a threat because new companies are in the process of entering
the domestic market, but on the other hand, is able to enter new emerging
markets and growing. In order to win this challenge, European SMEs need to
focus on networking, in fact, is well recognized that SMEs form the network can
improve the efficiency of absolutely necessary to win the battle of globalization.
Many regional public institutions try to improve the capacity of SMEs through
specific investment.
Cuvinte cheie: SIAD, BI, IMM, tablou de bord, indicatori economicofinanciari
Keywords: SIAD, BI, SMB, dashboard, financial indicators

12 INTERFAŢA SISTEMULUI INFORMATIC DE ASISTAREA