Elena ANGHEL


25-37 UN NOU CONCEPT DE SISTEM INTEGRAT AL SERVICIILOR AFERENTE S.E.N. DEDICAT ANSAMBLULUI DE CENTRALE, STAȚII CU REȚEUA DE RACORD ELECTRIC–C.S.R.E. – O PRIVIRE GLOBALIZATĂ –

A NEW GLOBAL CONCEPT FOR THE INTEGRATED
SYSTEM OF SERVICES DEDICATED TO
THE ASSEMBLY OF STATIONS, SUBSTATIONS
AND ELECTRIC POWER GRID
– CSRE, SEEN AS A WHOLE –
The proposed work has, as a primary aim, the analysis of internal
technologic consumption CPT given by the inner network of internal consumers
– so called the ancillaries – sustaining each individual component from the
general assembly of CSRE – stations, substations, and electric power grid to run
properly with their sensible direct influence over the generating and transporting
at the effective cost of electricity.
This first part of this study, quite a classical one – standing also as
basic support for our courses, gives also new insights for the students
regarding each component from the CSRE family: complex phenomena onto
the power contour for every independent component running stable for its
own, regarding the power stations, substations and the interconnecting
transporting networks – all in order that every individual component is to give
its own contribution for stable operation, focusing onto the last goal – toward
minimization this overall CPT.
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The second important objective is to show the enlisted so-called
external services performed by every basic elements from the CSRE family,
to sustain the normal-stable running in harmony for the entire global National
Power System called SEN, as a whole. The external services offered by
every component from CSRE toward the general assembly of SEN are to
define today one modern basic pack of functions, as a new global vision,
toward stability at reduced cost.
This pack of external services has a dynamic character, being one
continue expanding and sustained process of up-grading within its specific
frame and limits of dedicated applications: from each component to the
whole assembly of the National Power Grid called SEN, through this
balanced package of so-called system’s external services.
The third objective is to add some more clear understanding to the
reader’s for this genuine overall academic concept regarding the family of
pertinent services – both internal and external – which should be seen as
one reliable and basic starting point for every TSO-dispatching entity,
conducting to one improved running stability for the Electric power system,
national scale, called SEN.
This frame of discussion seen furthermore at European coverage –
called at UE scale – as ENTSO-E, the study through this original point of view
is to gain one overall extension, seen in future – as tending to planetary
scale.
Keywords: stations, substations, and electric power grid – CSRE,
national power system-SEN, European Power System-ENTSO-E, internal
system of services-SSI, dedicated for every components from SEN, external
system of services-SSE, dedicated to the SEN incorporated into ENTSO-E
Cuvinte cheie: centrale, stații și rețele electrice-CSRE, sistem
energetic național-SEN, sistem energetic European-ENTSO-E, sistemul
serviciilor interne-SSI, individual dedicat componentelor SEN, sistemul
serviciilor externe-SSE, dedicate ansamblului SEN, încorporat ENTSO-E
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17-41 PRINCIPII DE AUTOMATIZARE MODERNĂ A MICROHIDROAGREGATELOR

PRINCIPLES OF MODERN AUTOMATION REGARDING
SMALL HYDRO POWER UNITS
Small Hydro Power Plants – SHPP are considered among the
simplest power energy conversion installations in relation with their
technological process; however, by taking into account the risks of an
unbalanced operation and the ambition to be remote completely controlled
without permanent operational personnel, the specific required system of
automation herewith implemented, has to be one with higher performances,
microprocessors based.
Cuvinte cheie: scheme electrice de conexiuni, microhidrocentrale
electrice MHC, servicii proprii, acŃionări variabile, economie de energie,
convertoare de frecvenŃă, soft-startere

41 PRINCIPII DE AUTOMATIZARE MODERNĂ A


23-37 CONSIDERAȚII PRIVIND REALIZAREA UNOR PRIME CENTRALE ELECTRICE FOTOVOLTAICE ÎN ROMÂNIA

OVERVIEW REGARDING DRAFTING AND IMPLEMENTATION
OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANTS INTO ROMANIA
In this paper we do present some first and pertinent aspects regarding
the implementation also into Romania these new power source based on
renewable energy, among is to stand the huge amount of solar energy – directly
converted into electricity. Of coarse, as a beginning period, a lot of these
aspects related within this kind of energy conversion are regarded as difficulties
and, our paper is trying to underline only the main aspects encountered by both
– designers and engineers, directly involved into erection on sites.
Cuvinte cheie: string, invertor, tensiune, fotovoltaic, energie
Keywords: string, invertor, voltage, photovoltaic power plant PPP

23-37 CONSIDERAȚII PRIVIND REALIZAREA UNOR PRIME CENTRALE ELECTRICE FOTOVOLTAICE ÎN ROMÂNIA


23-38 APORTUL R.A.T. DIGITAL ÎN EXTINDEREA DOMENIULUI CAPACITIV DE FUNCȚIONARE AL UNEI C.H.E.

H.P.P. EXTENDED OPERATIONAL CAPACITIVE REGIME
WITHIN THE CONTRIBUTION OF ONE DIGITAL A.V.R.
The paper presents some important aspects regarding the extended
capacitive field of operation for one Hydro Power Plant – HPP with the
contribution of a digital Automatic Voltage Regulator AVR. As we do know, the
capacitive regimes are more difficult to be operated for one remote HPP and,
from here, the AVR found to work properly could be considered to be the
proper chosen one. Among AVR chosen to control at the best such regimes,
devoted for special cases with remote HPP are preferred those of digital type.
The paper presents by comparison, two types of different AVRs at work – one of
old classic type SAREX 42 A vs. the newer digital one, of much more improved
performances, called type SRAT-N.
Cuvinte cheie: sistem de excitație SE, sistem de reglare automată a
tensiunii SRAT, hidrogenerator sincron HG, centrală hidroelectrică CHE
Keywords: system excitation SE, automatic voltage regulator AVR,
hydroelectric generator HG, hydroelectric power plant HPP

23-38 APORTUL R.A.T. DIGITAL ÎN EXTINDEREA DOMENIULUI CAPACITIV DE FUNCȚIONARE