Violeta POPESCU


18-8 LIMONENUL CA SURSĂ DE MATERII PRIME DIN RESURSE REGENERABILE

LIMONENE AS A RAW MATERIAL FROM
REGENERABLE SOURCES
Limonene is a monoterpenic compound extracted from citrus peels.
Limonene can be used as is due to its characteristic pleasant smell or can be
used as raw material for a series of synthesis in order to obtain valuable
compounds. Being a non-polar organic compound it may be used as a solvent
for non-polar organic compounds, including polystyrene. This paper presents a
succinct set of data from the literature related to the obtaining and possible
applications of limonene.
Cuvinte cheie: limonen, ulei de citrice, polymer

8 LIMONENUL CA SURSĂ DE MATERII PRIME DIN


18-9 PURIFICAREA LIMONENULUI OBłINUT PRIN DISTILARE CU VAPORI DE APĂ

PURIFFICATION OF LIMONENE OBTAINED BY STEAM
DISTILLATION
The paper presents the results obtained by steam distillation of
limonene from citrus peels. FT-IR spectra are presented for a sample of
limonene following the preparation in comparison with the spectra for a sample
purified by extraction in trichloroethylene and dehydrated with magnesium
sulphide. The paper has mainly a teaching character, in order to teach
laboratory techniques such as steam distillation, extraction, drying for
purification. The identification of some adsorption bands in IR spectra is also a
good practice in order to consolidate the theoretical knowledge’s.
Cuvinte cheie: limonen, extracŃie, proces de distilare, spectrometru
FT-IR

9 PURIFICAREA LIMONENULUI OBłINUT PRIN


18-11 OBłINEREA FILMELOR DE Fe2O3 PRIN METODA “SPRAY PYROLYSIS”

THE OBTAINING OF Fe2O3 BY SPRAY PYROLYSIS
The paper is a review of literature data related to iron oxide films
obtained from inorganic precursors using spray pyrolysis, an easy method
which does not involve high costs. The influence of deposition conditions on
structural and morphological properties is also presented.
Cuvinte cheie: oxid de fier, filme, spray pyrolysis

11 OBłINEREA FILMELOR DE Fe2O3 PRIN METODA


18-13 PROPRIETĂłI OPTICE SI ELECTRICE ALE FILMELOR DE Fe2O3 OBłINUTE PRIN “SPRAY PYROLYSIS”

OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF Fe2O3
OBTAINED BY SPRAY PYROLYSIS
The paper is a review of literature data related to the optical and
electrical properties of iron oxide (Fe2O3) films. The main optical properties
studied were the transmittance, the absorption coefficient and the optical
bandgap. An important electrical property which was also presented was the
dark resistivity.
Cuvinte cheie: oxid de fier, filme, energia benzii interzise, absorbŃie,
rezistivitate electrică

13 PROPRIETĂłI OPTICE SI ELECTRICE ALE FILMELOR


18-14 PROPRIETĂłILE STRUCTURALE ALE DIOXIDULUI DE TITAN

STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE
This paper presents a series of literatures data on the structure of
titanium dioxide obtained by sol-gel technique. Obtaining a crystalline structure of
TiO2 depends on temperature and the thermal treatment applied later and also
depend on the catalysts used in the preparation process. Photocatalytic
properties of titanium dioxide are given by anatas crystalline structure, a structure
obtained by heat treatment between 100 0C and 500 0C.
Cuvinte cheie: dioxid de titan, difracŃie de raze X, proprietăŃi structurale

14 PROPRIETĂłILE STRUCTURALE ALE DIOXIDULUI


18-15 OBłINEREA DIOXIDULUI DE TITAN PRIN METODA SOL-GEL. PROCESE DE HIDROLIZĂ

OBTAINING OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE BY SOL-GEL
METHOD. HYDROLYSIS PROCESSES
The paper presents a comparative study of a series of data from
literature related to the obtaining of titanium dioxide by sol-gel method by
hydrolysis processes. It presents the main parameters of the production
process, the heat treatment applied in order to obtain crystalline phases of
interest. Also the paper summarizes the treatment methods applied in order to
avoid the process of agglomeration of formed particles.
Cuvinte cheie: dioxid de titan, metoda sol-gel, proces de hidroliză
proprietăŃi fotocatalitice

15 OBłINEREA DIOXIDULUI DE TITAN PRIN METODA


18-16 OBłINEREA ANTOCIANINELOR PRIN PROCEDEE DE EXTRACłIE

THE OBTAINING OF ANTHOCYANINS
BY EXTRACTION
The paper presents the results obtained by extraction of anthocyanins
from red cabbage by different methods (Soxhlet extraction, extraction under
microwave irradiation, ultrasonic extraction, extraction by boiling). It presents a
method for analysis of extracted compound using VIS spectroscopy. The
variation of optical properties of the extract depending on pH is also presented.
Cuvinte cheie: antocianine, procedee de extracŃie, spectroscopul UVVIS

16 OBłINEREA ANTOCIANINELOR PRIN


18-31 RECICLAREA CHIMICĂ A MATERIALELOR POLIMERICE

CHEMICAL RECYCLING OF POLYMERS
Excessive growth in recent years on the market of plastics materials
has increased the amount of wastes. Therefore, there were made a lot of
researches on plastics materials in order to establish an economically viable
method of recycling, with low environmental impact. A method that meets these
conditions and witch does not require any washing and separation of polymers
and/or waste materials based on these polymers, is the chemical recycling by
“pyrolysis”. By pyrolysis process, wastes are converted into liquid fractions
close to commercial fuels, in certain reaction conditions. The results obtained
are influenced by the temperature and catalysts that were used. The paper is a
review of literature data related to chemical recycling of polymers.
Cuvinte cheie: piroliză, reciclarea polimerilor, LDPE, HDPE, PP

31 RECICLAREA CHIMICĂ A MATERIALELOR


20-26 SISTEME DE ELIBERARE CONTROLATA A MEDICAMENTELOR. HIDROGELURI

CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS. HYDROGELS
This article intends to present a review about responsive polymer
systems used in controlled drug delivery applications. It was definite the
concept of drug delivery as an ability to sustainable and constantly deliver the
therapeutic agent, in order to solve the problem of conventional drug therapy
where drug is released immediately after medication. This review gives
information on polimeric materials concerning the relationship between their
design and the mechanism of drug release. Hydro gels are three-dimensional,
hydrophilic, polymeric network, capable of imbibing large amounts of water or
biological fluids, and are used in biomedical applications. Hydro gels are
stimuli-responsive materials, that can undergo abrupt volume change in
response to small changes in environmental parameters: temperature, pH, ionic
strength. This article discusses the classification of drug delivery systems
according to the mechanism controlling the drug release, and a few words
about novel polymers responsive to external applied magnetic and electric
fields.
Keywords: stimulus-responsive polymers, hydrogels, controlled
release drug
Cuvinte cheie: polimeri receptivi la stimuli, hidrogeluri, eliberarea
controlată a medicamentelor

26 SISTEME DE ELIBERARE CONTROLATA A


20-27 POLIZAHARIDE FOLOSITE ÎN OBŢINEREA HIDROGELURILOR UTILIZATE ÎN SISTEMELE DE ELIBERARE CONTROLATĂ A MEDICAMENTELOR

POLYSACCHARIDES USED IN OBTAINING HYDROGELS
FOR CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
This paper is a review of the most important papers related to
polisaccharides studied and used in hydrogels systems for controlled drug
delivery. Among the numerous macromolecules that can be used to obtain
hydrogels, polysaccharides present many advantages comparatively to
synthetic polymers being largely found in living organisms. Coming from
renewable sources, polysaccharides also have frequently economical
advantages over synthetic polymers, because they are non-toxic, biocompatible
and bioavailable, showing such physico-chemical proprieties that make them
suitable for applications in drug delivery systems. Focusing on the ability of
polysaccharides to form hydrogels in a great diversity of compositions it is well
understood that safer and more realistic approaches in the therapy of diseases
will be achieved in the days to come.
Key words: polysaccharides, hydrogels, controlled release drug
Cuvinte cheie: polizaharide, hidrogel, eliberarea controlată a medicamentelor

27 POLIZAHARIDE FOLOSITE ÎN OBŢINEREA


20-29 PROCESUL DE COAGULARE – FLOCULARE

COAGULATION-FLOCCULATION PROCESS
The paper is a review of literature data related to the coagulationflocculation
process. The first part presents the theoretical basis of coagulationflocculation,
followed by the presentation of a case study related to the
efficiency of a waste water treatment using diverse coagulants and anionic
polyacrylamide as coagulant aid.
Keywords: coagulation, flocculation, colloidal particles
Cuvinte cheie: coagulare, floculare, particule coloidale

29 PROCESUL DE COAGULARE – FLOCULARE


20-30 MATERIALE POLIMERICE UTILIZATE ÎN RESTAURAREA OPERELOR DE ARTĂ

POLYMERIC MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN
ARTWORK RESTORATION
The paper presents a review of some of the most common polymeric
materials that have been employed in artwork restoration on a large scale.
Such materials have been primarily introduced in the field of cultural heritage
conservation and restoration as consolidates but proved to drastically alter their
initial properties due to natural ageing and interactions with external factors
and/or the consolidated substrate. The main alterations observed in over 20
years of use, with possible causes and mechanisms of deterioration are
outlined in this literature study.
Keywords: polymers, natural aging, photo oxidation, surface
morphology changes
Cuvinte cheie: polimeri, îmbătrânire naturală, foto-oxidare, modificarea
morfologiei suprafeţei

30 MATERIALE POLIMERICE UTILIZATE ÎN