Volumul 34


34-23 ANALIZA ASPECTELOR PRACTICE PRIVITOARE LA MANAGEMENTUL ENERGETIC ÎN CAZUL UNOR SIMPTOME SPECIFICE PENTRU SISTEMUL DE PORNIRE DE LA TOYOTA AVENSIS

ANALYZE OF THE PRACTICAL ASPECTS CONCERNING THE ENERGETIC MANAGEMENT IN THE CASE OF SPECIFIC SIMPTOMS FOR THE START
SYSTEM FROM TOYOTA AVENSIS
The present paper presents in known technical terms and methods from practical operations the problematic aspects concerning the energy supply to the start system from Toyota Avensis 1.6 MPI car. After a period of optimal functionality, the start system shows signs of bad operation and some symptoms occur which lead to the questioning of the electric energy management regarding the starting procedure. The worst situation is if the thermal engine suddenly stops in the street and after this there is no possibility to restart it in that moment. First the battery is replaced just to make sure there is enough energy supply. But the problem reappears. Analysing the power supply system allows us to get the insight of the procedure and also to develop a strategy in solving the problem by studying the specific symptoms. The present paper aims the goal of outlining the symptoms and problematic aspects related to the energy management in the start system of Toyota Avensis.
Keywords: electromotor, electricity, energy, power-supply, Toyota
Cuvinte cheie: demaror, electricitate, energie, încărcare, Toyota

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34-22 CERCETAREA EXPERIMENTALĂ A ASPECTELOR SEMIOZICE ALE GRUPULUI MOTOPROPULSOR DE LA OPEL ASTRA G

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF SEMIOZIC ASPECTS OF THE POWER-TRAIN SYSTEM FROM OPEL ASTRA G
The experimental research work presents the steps and important readings in diagnosis of the energy supply system of the 1.6 gasoline engine from Opel Astra G. Electrical systems are friendly to use and offer a high comfort when they work properly, but when are broken a lot of problems and discomfort appears. The present case consists in solving or discovering the main problem of the system because the engine will not start normally but very difficult. The analyzed car had some difficulties with the electric system (when turning on the engine), rotation would appear but no consistent working. Some faults were highlighted but ”engine starting” still was difficult to be done properly. The semiotic aspects were managed and the electrical system was closely scanned in order to perfectly define the errors.
Keywords: automotive, diagnostics, gasoline, Opel, supply
Cuvinte cheie: autovehicul, diagnosticare, benzină, Opel, încărcare

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34-21 CERCETAREA EXPERIMENTALĂ A EMISIEI DE CO2 ÎN RAPORT CU NIVELUL CONSUMULUI DE COMBUSTIBIL LA MOTORUL 1.3 DE LA AUTOMOBILUL SUZUKI SWIFT LA TEMPERATURĂ EXTERIOARĂ DE 0 °C

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF CO2 EMISSION IN RELATION WITH FUEL LEVEL AT 1.3 ENGINE FROM SUZUKI SWIFT AT 0 °C EXTERIOR TEMPERATURE
The present applied experimental paper determines, with the latest software equipment available online, the carbon dioxide emission level related to specific average fuel consumption (which depends on the accelerator pedal position) and driving conditions in real traffic on a usual road track between Cluj-Napoca and Alba Iulia. There are no particular studies related to this specific topic concerning the fuel consumption level and carbon dioxide emissions of the 1.3 dm3 engine from the Suzuki Swift. Nowadays are many similar vehicles in the small class on the roads in EU countries.
The fuel consumption control influences the carbon dioxide emission management with electronic online module regarding the carbon foot-print, energy efficiency and level of pollution. Analyzing the fuel specific consumption of the petrol engine from Suzuki Swift creates the opportunity to optimize carbon dioxide emissions, as well as other environmental controls. This experimental research is developed while testing the electronic management system regarding specific fuel consumption through engine control unit to acquire testing data. The actual values are recorded in different driving conditions, on average range.
Keywords: accelerator, consumption, motor, Suzuki, Swift
Cuvinte cheie: accelerator, consum, motor, Suzuki, Swift

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34-20 CERCETAREA EXPERIMENTALĂ A REPREZENTĂRII GRAFIC-DIGITALE LA BORD A MANAGEMENTULUI ECONOMICO-ENERGETIC PRIVITOR LA CONSUMUL DE HIDROCARBURI LA TOYOTA AVENSIS

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE ON-BOARD
GRAPHIC-DIGITAL REPRESENTATION OF ECONOMICAL-ENERGETICAL MANAGEMENT REGARDING THE HIDROCARBONS CONSUMPTION AT TOYOTA AVENSIS
The present paper shows in usual technical terms and specifications from practical testing the significant aspects concerning the consumption and energetic management from Toyota Avensis 1.6 MPI 2003 model year. After operating in mixt driving conditions both urban and extra-urban cycles the data was collected concerning the distance of travel, mileage, average fuel medium consumption and momentary fuel consumption.
Also was recorded even vehicle’s average traveling speed. Analysing the obtain and recorded data by the management system for fuel supply and from on-board graphical-digital display units and equipment there have been possible to determine even the carbon foot print by three distinct methods.
The tolerance between all three methods of carbon foot print determinations ranged from 1.5 % to approximately 60% due to the fact that the worst case scenario was calculated on the assumption all the fuel turned in CO2 (which is not a feasible idea).
Keywords: automotive, consumption, hydrocarbons, energy, on-board
Cuvinte cheie: automobilism, consum, hidrocarburi, energie, la bord

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34-19 CERCETAREA FACTORILOR CAUZALI DE UZURĂ ȘI A CARACTERISTICILOR ULEIULUI ÎN CAZUL ALIMENTĂRII CU BIOCOMBUSTIBILI A MOTOARELOR PENTRU MAȘINI AGRICOLE

RESEARCH OF WEAR CAUSING FACTORS AND LUBRICANT CHARACTERISTICS IN CASE OF BIO-FUEL SUPPLY TO THE AGRICULTURE MACHINE’S ENGINE
Lubricants and fuels are used in over a billion machines. All of them are used in different operating regimes. Because the viscosity and density of engine’s fluids are different in each case, operating conditions are significantly changed. This idea underlines the specific engine operating conditions when performing actual tasks in agriculture. The fuel-lubricant interaction study leads to solutions regarding the wear problem. Experiments show the problems and also the optimal solutions. Agricultural machine lubrication takes part in determining the reliability and durability. Biofuel-adds in commercial fuel is now common practice and an actual task on agricultural engineering is machines life span. Biodiesel may be used alone or in mixtures with other fuels, either fossil diesel or alternative solutions. The content of biodiesel in commercial fuels throughout the European Union is under 15 percent, but it is supposed to increase toward 20 percent. So, we have to analyse the influence that biodiesel has in lubrication and in component wear. In this study were developed experiments concerning the biofuel use and influence on lubricants in various situations, determined by complex analyse of available data from applied research. There were changes in carbon deposits and quality of lubrication. Biodiesel influenced the lubricant composition.
Keywords: agriculture, biodiesel, biofuel, engine, machine
Cuvinte cheie: agricultură, biodiesel, biocombustibil, motor, utilaj

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34-18 INTELIGENȚA ARTIFICIALĂ IMPLEMENTATĂ ÎN AUTOVEHICULE DE RALIURI PENTRU CREȘTEREA EFICIENȚEI ENERGETICE ÎN COMPETIȚII

ARTIFICIAL INTELIGENCE IMPLEMENTED IN RALLY VEHICLES PENTRU INCREASING ENERGETIC
EFFICIENCY IN COMPETITIONS
The present work summarized in a scientific paper presents the results of an applied research on specific aspects in the artificial intelligence and energy efficiency during real time measurements on a rally car. Energy management when injecting fuel in the engine and other significant parameters are monitored and recorded in a rally competition.
Close analyse of the injection duty, air temperature and barometric pressure, in different regimes, with computing and networking equipment coupled to the intelligent control module via cable connection. There are outlined the energy management operation and the main injection duty cycle, energy supply and the ignition timing of the rally car. Tests on the engine’s intelligent systems of the rally vehicle are made in the national rally competitions that are in the field of motor-sport. It is an entry level for artificial intelligence but operates properly with mechanical components.
The present paper shows the development of testing artificial intelligence related to the energy efficiency management and ignition timing systems and their correlation with other smart control checks in rally working conditions.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, energy efficiency, motor-sport, rally
Cuvinte cheie: inteligența artificială, eficiență energetică, motor-sport, raliu

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34-17 CERCETAREA POTENȚIALULUI ENERGETIC AL ACIZILOR GRAȘI DIN ULEIURI ȘI ALTE SURSE PENTRU APLICAȚIILE UTILITARE MODERNE

RESEARCH OF THE ENERGETIC POTENTIAL OF FATI
ACIDS FROM OILS AND OTHER SOURCES FOR
MODERN UTILITARY APPLICATIONS
The present research points out, in specific technical concepts and strategies from engineering expertise, the problematic aspects concerning the use of fatty acids as energy source in some cases when it is not indicated and even a bad idea. After analysing thoroughly Gary Yourofsky’s lectures and essays regarding his views on various important topics we have initiated a study concerning fatty acids as sources for energy. Having an expertise in industrial type of oils use we could expand the interdisciplinary study after considering Gary’s ideas in a cross referencing approach with results of Dr. John Mcdougall, Dr. Collin Campbell, Dr. Neal Barnard, Dr. Joel Kahn, Dr. Nick Delgado, Dr. Michael Klapper, Dr. Garth Davis, Dr. Caldwell Esselstyn, Dr. Michael Greger. The fatty acids are some of the most important sources of energy on our planet, especially when they are used as fuel for multiple existing thermal machines. In our laboratory we use oils for Diesel engines as fuel or as an insulator for energy convertors, as well as lubricant or as transmission fluid. By a chemical process of trans-esterification oils are transformed in biodiesel. Link between machinery use of fatty acids and human use as food is important to be considered. In this paper are synthesized some of the data acquired till this moment regarding the energy potential of fatty acids for modern applications. Between food use of oils and fuel for combustion processes, as well as insulator or hydraulic fluid, there is a lot of consideration to be made.
Keywords: energy, fatty acids, food, fuel, oils
Cuvinte cheie: energie, acizi grași, aliment, combustibil, ulei

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34-16 PROGRAME DE CALCUL – INSTRUMENT AUXILIAR ÎN ANALIZA ENERGETICĂ A INSTALATIILOR DE ARDERE

CALCULATION PROGRAMS – AUXILIARY TOOL IN ENERGY ANALYSIS OF COMBUSTION INSTALLATIONS
The purpose of this paper is to present two useful computer programs as an auxiliary tool for research and didactic activities. Input data for the Combustion program is the volumetric participations. The Enthalpy program displays graphic and tabular enthalpy depending on the temperature and the excess air coefficient.
Keywords: combustion, enthalpy of combustion gases, coefficient of excess air, the temperature of the combustion gases
Cuvinte cheie: ardere, entalpia gazelor de ardere, coeficientul excesului de aer, temperatura gazelor de ardere

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34-15 BIOGAZUL SURSĂ ALTERNATIVĂ DE ENERGIE

BIOGAS ALTERNATIVE SOURSCE OF ENERGY
The paper presents several aspects related to the production of biogas from vegetable demerara and sludge resulting in wastewater treatment plants. The history of biogas production, the legislation in force, as well as the principles of the biogas process are presented. At the end of the work there are several economic advantages and environmental protection by processing organic waste to obtain biogas.
Keywords: alternative sources of energy, obtaining and utilizing biogas
Cuvinte cheie: surse alternative de energie, obținerea și utilizarea biogazului

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34-14 ANALIZA PERFORMANŢELOR REALIZATE DE O CENTRALĂ FOTOVOLTAICĂ PENTRU O PERIOADĂ DETERMINATĂ DE TIMP

ANALYSIS OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC CENTER FOR
A PERIOD DETERMINED TIME
The paper describes the main methods to identify the parameters’
values over a time period for a photovoltaic plant, in order to highlight the
eventual equipment’s dysfunctions. For a real example of parameters
computation, there are made the following selections: the meteorological and
climatologic parameters are for a location from Romania, having latitude
44014’7”N and longitude 28033’19; the general characteristics of the apparatus
and equipment are selected from the providers catalogues; as the period of
time is selected a special period, June 2014 – May 2015, characterized by a
reduced sunlight, with consequently reduced solar radiation provided for the
photovoltaic collectors. For statistic computations there are utilized data
obtained from The National Institute of Meteorology (INM) for a period of 10
years.
Key words: photovoltaic plant, measurements, analysis
Cuvinte cheie:centrală fotovoltaică, măsurători, analiză

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34-13 CERCETĂRI EXPERIMENTALE PRIVIND RANDAMENTUL DE CONVERSIE LA UN CAPTATOR SOLAR SFERIC

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON SPHERICAL SOLAR
COLLECTOR EFFICIENCY
The paper aims to provide an experimental investigation on the performance of a spherical solar collector in comparison with flat plate collector. The experimental setup consists of a spherical solar collector having 0.7 m in diameter for the absorber surface and a flat plate solar collector with 1.75 m2 absorber surface. The effective absorber surface of the spherical collector considered in calculus was 50 % of the total spherical surface. An efficiency of 34% was obtained on the spherical collector. The flat plate solar collector proved to be more practical with 69 % efficiency.
Keywords: spherical solar collector, flat plate collector, solar energy
Cuvinte cheie: captator solar sferic, captator solar plan, energie solară

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34-12 ÎMBUNĂTĂȚIREA PERFORMANȚELOR TERMICE ALE COLECTORILOR SOLARI PLANI CU AER PRIN UTILIZAREA STRUCTURILOR TIP FAGURE

IMPROVEMENT OF THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF FLAT PLATE SOLAR COLLECTORS WITH PLAIN AIR BY USING HONEYCOMB STRUCTURES
The paper presents methods to improve the efficiency of solar collectors planning which reduce the losses caused by the transfer of heat radiative and convective between absorbent surface and environment.
Keywords: solar collector, radiation transfer, convective transfer, stagnation point, calotte fluid, energy efficiency
Cuvinte cheie: colector solar, transfer radiativ, transfer convectiv, punct de stagnare, fluid caloportor, randament energetic

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34-11 OBERVAŢII PRIVIND INFLUENȚA PUTERII ASUPRA GEOMETRIEI TURBINELOR DE VÂNT CU AX ORIZONTAL

NOTES ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE POWER ON THE
GEOMETRY OF HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINES
The paper analysis the influence of power of horizontal axis wind turbines
on the geometry of the blade of the turbine.
Keywords: wind turbines, power, geometry
Cuvinte cheie: turbine eoliene, putere, geometrie

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34-10 GENERATOARE CU MAGNEȚI PERMANENȚI PENTRU AGREGATE EOLIENE ȘI HIDRAULICE

PERMANENT MAGNETS GENERATORS FOR
WIND AND WATER PLANTS
This paper presents some particularities in the construction of synchronous generators for wind and hydro-plants and low power generators with permanent magnets with a simplified construction. Also, a comparison between variants of generators with electromagnetic excitation and permanent magnets is done.
The advantages of the use of supermagnete from rare earths, Neodim Iron Bor (NeFeB), especially the increase of the efficiency of these generators, are highlighted, and finally the maximization of efficiency is mentioned by replacing the conductive materials (copper, aluminium) with superconducting ceramic materials at ambient temperature.
Keywords: wind power, electrical generators, supermagnete
Cuvinte cheie: energie eoliană, generatoare electrice, supermagnet

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34-9 STUDIU PRIVIND REALIZAREA PRACTICĂ A UNUI AMPLIFICATOR AUDIO DE PUTERE – Partea a II-a

STUDY REGARDING THE SELF-CONSTRUCTION
OF AN AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER – Part II
In this paper, beside the amplifiers concepts, the self-construction of the audio power amplifier (2 x 100 W) – UEMR, power amplifier with all its components (housing, supply block, tone corrector, mixing inputs, rectifier stage, preamplifier stages, output stages) respective the putting into operation, the advantages and disadvantages of the amplifier as well as the main conclusions are presented.
Cuvinte cheie: studiu, realizare practică, amplificator audio de putere
Keywords: study, self-construction, audio power amplifier

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34-8 STUDIU PRIVIND REALIZAREA PRACTICĂ A UNUI AMPLIFICATOR AUDIO DE PUTERE – Partea I

STUDY REGARDING THE SELF-CONSTRUCTION
OF AN AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER – Part I
This paper presents a study regarding the self-construction of an audio power amplifier, where beside the theoretical part regarding the electronic devices and electronic circuits, the motivation of research was mentioned, some current and future trends in power amplifiers were describes respectively, the initial model of the studied amplifier as well the 3D modeling of the audio power amplifier (2 x 100 W) were presented.
Cuvinte cheie: studiu, realizare practică, amplificator audio de putere
Keywords: study, self-construction, audio power amplifier

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34-7 PRIZA DE PAMÂNT ARTIFICIALĂ PE CONTUR POLIGONAL ÎNCHIS LA INSTALAȚIA ELECTRICĂ PENTRU CONSTRUCȚIILE NOI

ARTIFICIAL GROUND CONNECTION ON CLOSED POLYGONAL CONTOUR AT THE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION FOR NEW CONSTRUCTIONS
The resistance of ground connection depends on two important elements, namely the nature of the ground in which it is mounted and the method of installation.
Keywords: ground connection, horizontal electrode, strip form
Cuvinte cheie: priza de pământ, electrod orizontal, platbandă

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34-6 PIERDERILE PE LINIA DE ALIMENTARE A UNUI CONSUMATOR TRIFAZAT LEGAT ÎN TRIUNGHI

THE SUPPLY LINE LOSS OF A THREE-PHASE LOAD IN DELTA CONNECTION
The electrical power system usually operated in a symmetrical three-phase steady state mode. But, there are certain situations that can cause non-symmetrical operations. The presence of the unbalanced three-phased loads induce the apparition of the non-symmetrical systems involving currents and voltages as well the extra-loss within the supply wire. In this work we present a mathematical proof in Mathcad of additional losses in the electrical energy transmission line working under non-symmetrical conditions. Was considered a simplified model in delta connection, but the obtained result generalizes to complex electrical circuits. Finally, we show the conclusions and references.
Keywords: three-phase load, delta connection, active power, electrical energy transmission line, supply line loss, unbalanced functioning regime, mathematical proof in the Mathcad of additional losses under unbalanced conditions
Cuvinte cheie: receptor trifazat, conexiune în triunghi, putere activă, linie de transport a energiei electrice, pierderi pe linia de alimentare, regim dezechilibrat de funcţionare, demonstraţie matematică în mediul Mathcad a pierderilor suplimentare în regim dezechilibrat

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34-5 CONSIDERAȚII ASUPRA CALCULULUI TERMOTEHNIC AL UNEI CLĂDIRI ÎN VEDEREA ELABORĂRII CERTIFICATULUI ENERGETIC Partea a II-a

CONSIDERATIONS ON THERMOTHETICAL CALCULATION
OF A BUILDING FOR ELABORATION – ENERGY CERTIFICATE – II
In this paper some references are made to the thermo-technical calculation of residential buildings and apartments. Calculations also provide information on the total annual specific energy consumption for heating, lighting, hot water, ventilation, whereby the building falls into an energy class, and then measures are taken to improve the thermal energy performance of building.
Keywords: building, apartment, heat, electricity, thermal ventilation
Cuvinte cheie:clădire, apartament, căldură, electricitate, ventilație termică

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34-4 CONSIDERAȚII ASUPRA CALCULULUI TERMOTEHNIC AL UNEI CLĂDIRI ÎN VEDEREA ELABORĂRII CERTIFICATULUI ENERGETIC Partea I-a

CONSIDERATIONS ON THERMOTHETICAL CALCULATION
OF A BUILDING FOR ELABORATION – ENERGY CERTIFICATE – I
In this paper some references are made to the thermo-technical calculation of residential buildings and apartments. Calculations also provide information on the total annual specific energy consumption for heating, lighting, hot water, ventilation, whereby the building falls into an energy class, and then measures are taken to improve the thermal energy performance of building.
Keywords: building, apartment, heat, electricity, thermal ventilation
Cuvinte cheie:clădire, apartament, căldură, electricitate, ventilație termică

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34-3 CALCULUL PARAMETRILOR UNUI MOTOR DE INDUCȚIE LA DIFERITE VALORI ALE SARCINII, FOLOSIND PROGRAME DE TIPUL ”IND”

CALCULATION OF PARAMETERS OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR AT DIFFERENT VALUES OF LOAD, USING PROGRAMS SUCH AS „IND”
The paper presents IT and general aspects of how to calculate the parameters of an induction engine (MI) with „IND” type programs in the classic versions of Windows 2010/2015 and new modern versions, original Linux 2017/2018. The latest ones are based on native C language, with maximum compatibility and portability and, moreover, they are automatically plotting the features (MI); the equivalent executable binary code and global computing time are reduced (55 % and 99,99 %) including automatic graphic representation and export to 2 disk formats („.FIG” and MATLAB .png).
Keywords: induction machines, IND program, refurbishment, software, simulation modelling, MATLAB, Simulink, C, f2c, virtual machine
Cuvinte cheie: mașini de inducție, programul IND, retehnologizare, software, modelare simulare, MATLAB, Simulink, C, f2c, mașină virtuală

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34-2 ASPECTE IT PRIVIND MODUL DE CALCUL ȘI ANALIZĂ A PERFORMANȚELOR MAȘINILOR ELECTRICE DE INDUCȚIE UTILIZÂND PROGRAME DE TIP „IND”

IT ISSUES CONCERNING CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS
OF THE PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRICAL MACHINERY USING INDUCTION PROGRAMS ”IND”
The paper presents IT and general aspects of the optimal calculation and specific analysis of the performance of induction electric machines (MI) with IND programs in the classic versions of Windows 2010/2015 and new modern versions, original Linux 2017/2018. The latest ones are based on native C language, with maximum compatibility and portability and, moreover, they are automatically plotting the features (MI); the equivalent executable binary code and global computing time are reduced (with 55 % and 27 %) including automatic graphic representation and export to 2 disk formats („.FIG” and MATLAB ”.png”).
Keywords: induction machines, IND program, upgrading, software, simulation modelling, MATLAB, Simulink, FORTRAN’77, C
Cuvinte cheie: mașini de inducție, program IND, retehnologizare, software, modelare simulare, MATLAB, Simulink, FORTRAN’77, C

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34-1 ANALIZĂ EMPIRICĂ A IMPACTULUI FABRICAȚIEI CU SISTEME IOT ASUPRA INDUSTRY 4.0

EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF MANUFACTURING WITH IOT SYSTEMS ON INDUSTRY 4.0
This paper presents a summary of the impact of manufacturing using IoT systems on Industry 4.0. They are theoretically presenting the programming model using JavaScript. The IoT concept should be used to facilitate the infrastructure, so every object must be represented on the Internet and interact with others. Communication within the network can take place between elements at the same conceptual level via an interface.
Keywords: IoT, fabrication, Petri networks
Cuvinte cheie: IoT, fabricatie, rețele Petri

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