Mircea BEJAN


35-1 CLUJ NPOCA 2019 – LOCUL DE ÎNTÂLNIRE A INGINERILOR ROMÂNI DE PRETUTINDENI

Este interesant și instructiv să prezentăm și să analizăm contextul intern și internațional în care se desfășoară A XIX-a Conferinţă internațională multidisciplinară, „Profesorul Dorin Pavel – fondatorul hidroenergeticii româneşti”, în acest an, 2019: ● Forumul Economic Mondial Davos 2019 – Globalizarea 4.0; ● Summitul G20 de la Osaka, Japonia, 28-29/06/2019; ● Programul de convergență 2019 – 2022: anticipări economico-sociale de cel mai larg interes; ● 0,8 % din vehiculele înmatriculate în UE sunt electrice sau hibride; ● Deși reprezintă doar 7 % din populația lumii, cetățenii UE consumă 20 % din resursele naturale ale planetei; ● Problema deșeurilor; ● Aspecte din domeniul educaţiei şi formării (Rata angajării absolvenților de învățământ superior; Competențe digitale; Cele mai competitive economii din lume; Emisiile de dioxid de carbon rezultate din arderea combustibililor fosili), principale aspecte/înfățișări ce se regăsesc în lucrările prezentate, în schimburile de idei între inginerii, cercetătorii, cadrele didactice din învățământul superior și liceal, din țară și cei aflați în afara frontierelor României, oportunități pentru un util schimb de experiență și de colaborare în plan economic, prin activități comune – în fond, parte/ aspecte din scopul Conferințelor derulate la Cluj Napoca.

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35-3 MARIE CURIE, O ADEVĂRATĂ LUPTĂTOARE, O URIAȘĂ PERSONALITATE A ȘTIINȚEI

Maria Salomea Skłodowska (future Marie Curie) was born on November 7, 1867, in Warsaw. His father, Wladyslaw (1832-1902), was a professor of mathematics and physics, and his mother, Bronislawa (1836-1878), was a teacher, a family lacking financial resources. Physicist Marie Curie was the pioneer of radioactivity science – the study of penetrating rays emitted by rare materials. His work has revolutionized physics and chemistry, forming the basis for further research into nuclear physics. He discovered two elements unknown until then, and he also laid the foundations for an important research institute. In 1903, she shared the Nobel Prize for Physics with her husband, Pierre, with whom she worked, and with French scientist Henri Becquerel. In 1911, Marie was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. He died in France in 1934, after a long suffering, because of a radiation-related illness. In a survey conducted among the readers of the British BBC History Magazine, Marie Curie was voted the woman with the most significant impact on the history of the world. „She (Curie) was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize in Physics, the first female professor at the University of Paris and the first person to notice the use of the word person, not a woman, who won the second Nobel Prize, said Patricia Fara, president of the British Society for the History of Science, who nominated Marie Curie.

Key words: radioactivity, penetrating rays, Nobel prize for physics and chemistry, the most significant impact on world history

Cuvinte cheie: radioactivitatea, raze penetrante, premiul Nobel pentru fizică și chimie, cel mai semnificativ impact asupra istoriei lumii

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35-53 PERSPECTIVE INGINEREȘTI IMPRESIONANTE Partea I-a Mircea BEJAN, Ioana BĂLAN, Barbu BEJAN, Ioan VIDICAN, Ioan Aurel CHERECHEȘ

PERSPECTIVE IMPRESSIVE ENGINEERS – Part I

Over the past 150 years technology has advanced more than ever predicted history of technology. For example, 3D prototyping / printing has become a widely-appreciated and widely used phenomenon. This is a simple and fast manufacturing process, a technique that allows engineers to overcome certain design difficulties in just a few hours, compared to a few weeks that would take traditional methods. Through this technology, engineering sciences, design and technical research are undergoing transformation and the special materials industry will open up a huge fan of possibilities. With 3D technology, an idea goes directly from the design phase to the execution phase, escalating beyond the traditional stages of product manufacturing. The paper systemizes some of the major 3D printing technologies, presenting tabular, focusing on the advantages, disadvantages and application domains of these technologies. And in Romania, the prospect of expanding the home use of 3D printers open to prosumerators (users acting both as producers and consumers). The 3D equipment maker will create the right legal framework for the commercialization of 3D technology only compatible with the processing of non-hazardous materials. The 3D printer user will be granted access to a type of 3D technology limited by software specifically designed by manufacturers for civil use. And so with the advent of this technology, a new chapter in jurisprudence will soon be written in Romania. But until then, Romania is only taking the first steps in this area.

Keywords: 3D prototyping/printing, FDM-Thermoplastic Extrusion Modeling, SLA-Stereolithography, DLP-Digital Light Exposure, SLS-Selective
Laser Sintering, Laser-SLM-Melting, 3DP- Laminated Layer Manufacturing, PolyJet PJP Printing with Photopolymers, 3D Printed House Construction

Cuvinte cheie: prototiparea/printarea 3D, FDM–Modelare prin Extrudare Termoplastică, SLA–Stereolitografie, DLP–Expunerea digitală a luminii, SLS– Sinterizare Laser Selectivă, SLM–Sinterizare (Topire) Laser a Metalelor, 3DP– Printare inkjet tridimensională, LOM–Fabricare Stratificată prin Laminare, PJP– Printare PolyJet cu Fotopolimeri, construcții de case imprimate 3D

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35-54 PERSPECTIVE INGINEREȘTI IMPRESIONANTE Partea a II-a Mircea BEJAN, Ioana BĂLAN, Barbu BEJAN, Ioan VIDICAN, Ioan Aurel CHERECHEȘ

PERSPECTIVE IMPRESSIVE ENGINEERS – Part II

Over the past 150 years technology has advanced more than ever predicted history of technology. For example, 3D prototyping / printing has become a widely-appreciated and widely used phenomenon. This is a simple and fast manufacturing process, a technique that allows engineers to overcome certain design difficulties in just a few hours, compared to a few weeks that would take traditional methods. Through this technology, engineering sciences, design and technical research are undergoing transformation and the special materials industry will open up a huge fan of possibilities. With 3D technology, an idea goes directly from the design phase to the execution phase, escalating beyond the traditional stages of product manufacturing. The paper systemizes some of the major 3D printing technologies, presenting tabular, focusing on the advantages, disadvantages and application domains of these technologies. And in Romania, the prospect of expanding the home use of 3D printers open to prosumerators (users acting both as producers and consumers). The 3D equipment maker will create the right legal framework for the commercialization of 3D technology only compatible with the processing of non-hazardous materials. The 3D printer user will be granted access to a type of 3D technology limited by software specifically designed by manufacturers for civil use. And so with the advent of this technology, a new chapter in jurisprudence will soon be written in Romania. But until then, Romania is only taking the first steps in this area.

Keywords: 3D prototyping/printing, FDM-Thermoplastic Extrusion Modeling, SLA-Stereolithography, DLP-Digital Light Exposure, SLS-Selective
Laser Sintering, Laser-SLM-Melting, 3DP- Laminated Layer Manufacturing, PolyJet PJP Printing with Photopolymers, 3D Printed House Construction

Cuvinte cheie: prototiparea/printarea 3D, FDM–Modelare prin Extrudare Termoplastică, SLA–Stereolitografie, DLP–Expunerea digitală a luminii, SLS– Sinterizare Laser Selectivă, SLM–Sinterizare (Topire) Laser a Metalelor, 3DP– Printare inkjet tridimensională, LOM–Fabricare Stratificată prin Laminare, PJP– Printare PolyJet cu Fotopolimeri, construcții de case imprimate 3D

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35-55 PERSPECTIVE INGINEREȘTI IMPRESIONANTE Partea a III-a

PERSPECTIVE IMPRESSIVE ENGINEERS – Part III

Over the past 150 years technology has advanced more than ever predicted history of technology. For example, 3D prototyping / printing has become a widely-appreciated and widely used phenomenon. This is a simple and fast manufacturing process, a technique that allows engineers to overcome certain design difficulties in just a few hours, compared to a few weeks that would take traditional methods. Through this technology, engineering sciences, design and technical research are undergoing transformation and the special materials industry will open up a huge fan of possibilities. With 3D technology, an idea goes directly from the design phase to the execution phase, escalating beyond the traditional stages of product manufacturing. The paper systemizes some of the major 3D printing technologies, presenting tabular, focusing on the advantages, disadvantages and application domains of these technologies. And in Romania, the prospect of expanding the home use of 3D printers open to prosumerators (users acting both as producers and consumers). The 3D equipment maker will create the right legal framework for the commercialization of 3D technology only compatible with the processing of non-hazardous materials. The 3D printer user will be granted access to a type of 3D technology limited by software specifically designed by manufacturers for civil use. And so with the advent of this technology, a new chapter in jurisprudence will soon be written in Romania. But until then, Romania is only taking the first steps in this area.

Keywords: 3D prototyping/printing, FDM-Thermoplastic Extrusion Modeling, SLA-Stereolithography, DLP-Digital Light Exposure, SLS-Selective
Laser Sintering, Laser-SLM-Melting, 3DP- Laminated Layer Manufacturing, PolyJet PJP Printing with Photopolymers, 3D Printed House Construction

Cuvinte cheie: prototiparea/printarea 3D, FDM–Modelare prin Extrudare Termoplastică, SLA–Stereolitografie, DLP–Expunerea digitală a luminii, SLS– Sinterizare Laser Selectivă, SLM–Sinterizare (Topire) Laser a Metalelor, 3DP– Printare inkjet tridimensională, LOM–Fabricare Stratificată prin Laminare, PJP– Printare PolyJet cu Fotopolimeri, construcții de case imprimate 3D

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35-61 ASPECTE PRIVIND UTILIZAREA ENERGIEI SOLARE Partea I

ASPECTS ON THE USE OF SOLAR ENERGY – Part I

Most human activities, the size, volume and quality of goods and services available to mankind are energy dependent, with energy playing a central role in human existence, being the most important resource. At present, fossil fuel carriers are the fuel of the world economy, and humanity is geared towards using abundant energy at a relatively low price. Alternative sources such as sun, wind, hydropower, wave energy, geothermal energy, bioenergy etc. it is practically not consumed, calling it renewable (alternative or unconventional sources). They produce far fewer emissions, reduce chemical, thermal, and radioactive pollution, and are available theoretically anywhere in the world. The sun is a real blessing, giving us in an hour – enough energy for all people to use it for one year. Every day, about 120,000 terawatts (TW) of electrical power is offered to us by the sun. That, while over a year, the world uses only 15 TW of energy. The paper analyzes some aspects regarding the use of solar energy: collectors, solar power stations, solar houses.

Keywords: solar energy, types of renewable energy, history, heat fluxes, energy radiation, solar collector, nuclear energy Cuvinte cheie: energie solară, tipuri de energii regenerabile, istoric, fluxuri termice, radiaţii energetice, colector solar, energie nucleară

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35-62 ASPECTE PRIVIND UTILIZAREA ENERGIEI SOLARE Partea a II-a

ASPECTS ON THE USE OF SOLAR ENERGY – Part II

Most human activities, the size, volume and quality of goods and services available to mankind are energy dependent, with energy playing a central role in human existence, being the most important resource. At present, fossil fuel carriers are the fuel of the world economy, and humanity is geared towards using abundant energy at a relatively low price. Alternative sources such as sun, wind, hydropower, wave energy, geothermal energy, bioenergy etc. it is practically not consumed, calling it renewable (alternative or unconventional sources). They produce far fewer emissions, reduce chemical, thermal, and radioactive pollution, and are available theoretically anywhere in the world. The sun is a real blessing, giving us in an hour – enough energy for all people to use it for one year. Every day, about 120,000 terawatts (TW) of electrical power is offered to us by the sun. That, while over a year, the world uses only 15 TW of energy. The paper analyzes some aspects regarding the use of solar energy: collectors, solar power stations, solar houses.

Keywords: solar energy, types of renewable energy, history, heat fluxes, energy radiation, solar collector, nuclear energy Cuvinte cheie: energie solară, tipuri de energii regenerabile, istoric, fluxuri termice, radiaţii energetice, colector solar, energie nucleară

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35-63 CONSIDERAȚII ASUPRA ENERGIILOR REGENERABILE – ENERGIA SOLARĂ

CONSIDERATIONS ON RENEWABLE ENERGY – SOLAR ENERGY

This paper briefly describes the main renewable energies on our planet. It also describes the solar energy used for the preparation of hot water and the heating of homes. Last but not least, the transformation of solar energy into electricity required for home appliances in a home such as telephones, lighting, television, etc.

Keywords: solar energy, electricity, hot water, solar panel Cuvinte cheie: energie solară, energie electrică, apă caldă, panou solar

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35-72 UNELE CONSIDERAȚII PRIVIND ACOPERIRILE METALICE ELECTROCHIMICE ȘI CHIMICE

SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON ELECTROCHEMICAL AND CHEMICAL METAL COVERINGS

This paper briefly presents electrochemical and chemical metallic coatings. Coatings of various parts with metallic layers is done especially for: Increasing the corrosion resistance, improving the appearance, increasing the superficial hardness, increasing the resistance to wear. Metallic coatings can be made: electrochemically, thermally, by spraying, chemically, by plating, amalgamation, by conversion, and by vacuum evaporation.

Keywords: metallic coatings, electrochemical coatings, chemical composition, nickel electrolytes, copper electrolytes Cuvinte cheie: acoperiri metalice, acoperiri electrochimice, compoziție chimică, electroliți de nichelare, electroliți de cuprare

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34-5 CONSIDERAȚII ASUPRA CALCULULUI TERMOTEHNIC AL UNEI CLĂDIRI ÎN VEDEREA ELABORĂRII CERTIFICATULUI ENERGETIC Partea a II-a

CONSIDERATIONS ON THERMOTHETICAL CALCULATION
OF A BUILDING FOR ELABORATION – ENERGY CERTIFICATE – II
In this paper some references are made to the thermo-technical calculation of residential buildings and apartments. Calculations also provide information on the total annual specific energy consumption for heating, lighting, hot water, ventilation, whereby the building falls into an energy class, and then measures are taken to improve the thermal energy performance of building.
Keywords: building, apartment, heat, electricity, thermal ventilation
Cuvinte cheie:clădire, apartament, căldură, electricitate, ventilație termică

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34-4 CONSIDERAȚII ASUPRA CALCULULUI TERMOTEHNIC AL UNEI CLĂDIRI ÎN VEDEREA ELABORĂRII CERTIFICATULUI ENERGETIC Partea I-a

CONSIDERATIONS ON THERMOTHETICAL CALCULATION
OF A BUILDING FOR ELABORATION – ENERGY CERTIFICATE – I
In this paper some references are made to the thermo-technical calculation of residential buildings and apartments. Calculations also provide information on the total annual specific energy consumption for heating, lighting, hot water, ventilation, whereby the building falls into an energy class, and then measures are taken to improve the thermal energy performance of building.
Keywords: building, apartment, heat, electricity, thermal ventilation
Cuvinte cheie:clădire, apartament, căldură, electricitate, ventilație termică

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33-6 FRUCTIFICAREA INVENTIVITĂŢII TEHNICE

LEVERAGING TECHNICAL INGENUITY THEY
Prosperity and the level of economic development of a country (as expressed through the annual gross domestic product per capita-GDP/place), I increase the sustainable and accelerated by mobilizing and leveraging international best technical ingenuity they the country’s population (expressed through specific annual number of patents, i.e. the number of international patents for invention obtained relative to the number of inhabitants of the country). The work of updating the data aspects of the situation in this area, with respect to Romania.
Keywords: GDP-place, innovation, necessary measures
Cuvinte cheie: PIB-loc, inovaţie, măsuri necesare

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33-4 OCTOMBRIE 2018, 20 DE ANI DE LA ÎNFIINȚAREA ASOCIAȚIEI DE STANDARDIZARE DIN ROMÂNIA – ASRO

OCTOBER 2018, 20 YEARS OF THE ESTABLISHMENT
OF THE ROMANIAN STANDARDIZATION
ASSOCIATION – ASRO
The beginnings of standardization in Romania date from the period preceding the Second World War, the first national standards being adopted in 1937-1938 within the General Association of Engineers of Romania – AGIR. The Military Circle in Bucharest, October 2, 1998. According to Government Ordinance no. 39/1998 (as amended by GO no. 44/27 July 1998), on this date was held the General Assembly for the establishment of the Association of Standardization in Romania – ASRO, a legal entity of private law, with a legal status of a non-lucrative association, on the basis of Law no. 21/1924, the association comprising 106 founding members.
Through this institutional reform in national standardization, alignment with European norms has been achieved, transferring the responsibilities in the field to those who are the main beneficiaries of this activity.
Some aspects of Law no. 163/2015 of 24/06/2015 on national standardization, ASRO affiliation to international and European standardization bodies, composition and organization chart of the association. The stages of achieving a standard are briefly outlined.
Keywords: standardization, short history, Romanian Standardization Association – ASRO, national standardization body, attributions, achievement of a standard
Cuvinte cheie: standardizare, scurt istoric, Asociaţia de Standardizare din România – ASRO, organismul naţional de standardizare, atribuții, realizarea unui standard

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32-66 CONSIDERAȚII PRIVIND IMPACTUL DINTRE UN PARAPET DE PROTECȚIE ŞI UN PENDUL

CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE IMPACT OF A PROTECTIVE BARRIER AND A PENDULUM

 

The paper presents the impact of a pendulum with a weight of 2780 kg and a road protective barrier used on the roads of Romania. Deformable parapets are very important to protect the pedestrians and the vehicles on our roads. The maximum dynamic deflection of the parapet, measured after the test was 0,240 m and 0,435 m of working width.

The barrier was deformed as expected. Damping elements have taken a large amount of energy during impact. The pendulum is used by researchers in this field. This is a very good way to track the behavior and damping elements of the barriers in the laboratory.

 

Keywords: shock test, road restraint systems

Cuvinte cheie: încercare la şoc,  sisteme de reținere rutiere

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32-63 CONSIDERAȚII ASUPRA TENSIUNILOR ȘI DEFORMAȚIILOR DIN CADRELE PRESELOR DE MARE TONAJ

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE FRAMES STRESSES

AND STRAINS HEAVY PRESSES

 

In paper presents a theoretical study of the state of stress and strain in the machine frame framework heavy press. These frameworks are made up of a plurality of frames each comprised of two closed C-shaped elements (calipers) connected by tightening by means of threaded rods (Fig. 1)

 

Keywords: press, frame, strength, stress, deformations, thrusts

Cuvinte cheie: presă, batiu, forță, tensiuni, deformații, tirant

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31-15 ASPECTE PRIVIND ISTORICUL AUTOMOBILULUI ROMÂNESC – Partea a III-a

ASPECTS OF HISTORY ROMANIAN CAR – part III

 

At the beginning of last century, Romania was one of the richest European countries, among the first 10 countries that have introduced the car since its inception.

It presents the first transport vehicles in Romania dates back to 1895 are represented by two hybrid trucks with steam. „The Karaso” Simplon exotic convertible is a car made in Resita, in the style roadsters from the 50s. Vintage cars are not just cars, they can be considered on its own history on wheels, ideal combination for nostalgic times in which power was aesthetics, elegance and refinement. The oldest car in the west is a nice Ford Model A, 1928. The tradition left by the big names in automotive construction must be respected, promoting the work of some young Romanian students from technical universities and their achievements: University „Ovidius” in Constanta, Technical University „Gh. Asachi” University and University of Pitesti.

 

Keywords: car, inventions, „The Karaso” Simplon, vintage cars, technical achievements student

Cuvinte cheie: automobil, invenții, ”De Karaso” Simplon, mașini de epocă, realizări tehnice studențești

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31-14 ASPECTE PRIVIND ISTORICUL AUTOMOBILULUI ROMÂNESC – Partea a II-a

ASPECTS OF HISTORY ROMANIAN CAR – part II

 

Initiative and passion for the car has not disappeared in Romania, our country having a rich past in achievement. It presents some cars Romanian construction: the first car Romanian – Dumitru Vasescu first car aerodynamics in the world invented by Romanian Aurel Persu, the car „Rodica” – prototype designed entirely by engineer Nicolae Lucaci in Brasov and completed in 1957, the car ” George Gal „- homemade 50s car built by George Gal of Bucharest, Oszkar Beke car, roadster MR (1945) built by Radu Manicatide, an engineer known in the 40s and 50s for its achievements in aeronautics, automobile Virgilius Justin Capra and „Hamster”, a car designed for the Romanian Army troops parachute.

 

Keywords: Romanian automobile, inventions, Dumitru Vasescu car, Aurel Persu aerodynamic car, car „Rodica” car „George Gal” – Oszkar Beke car, roadster M.R., cars Virgilius Justin Capra and „Hamster”

Cuvinte cheie: automobile românești, invenții, automobilul Dumitru Văsescu, maşină aerodinamică Aurel Perșu, automobilul „Rodica”, automobilul ”Gheorghe Gal” – automobil Oszkar Beke, roadsterul M.R., automobile Virgilius Justin Capră și ”Hamster”

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31-13 ASPECTE PRIVIND ISTORICUL AUTOMOBILULUI ROMÂNESC – Partea I

ASPECTS OF HISTORY ROMANIAN CAR

part I

 

Many important inventions are known to authors who have not achieved them, or inventing their primacy being given to others. In the absence of laws on copyright, missing which led to the bankruptcy of producers who did not could recover the investment, if inventors wrong in most cases it comes down to recognition late, to a mere „making aware „of inventions attributed incorrectly. It is presented in a case known: the series car. Inventor „official”: Henry Ford, inventor real: Karl Benz. It is considered that Henry Ford who revolutionized automobile history both through design changes, and especially by the big production number where his car, Ford Model T, was conducted.

The article analyzes the case of the first car manufactured 100% Romanian legal territory of Romania: Malaxa or Matra (conducted in Arad when it belonged to the Austro-Hungarian Empire).

 

Keywords: car, inventions, Henry Ford, Karl Benz, the first 100 % Romanian car, Malaxa, Matra

Cuvinte cheie: automobil, invenții, Henry Ford, Karl Benz, primului autoturism 100 % românesc, Malaxa, Matra

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31-11 PERFORMANȚĂ TEHNICĂ DEOSEBITĂ – TRANSLAREA MONUMENTELOR ȘI CLĂDIRILOR PRIN METODA ”IORDĂCHESCU”

PERFORMANCE SPECIAL TECHNIQUES – MONUMENTS AND BUILDINGS USING TRANSLATION OF „IORDĂCHESCU”

 

In the midst of remodelling during the extensive campaigns systematization that has undergone Bucharest following the earthquake of March 4, 1977, and ambition Ceausescu to shape city image and likeness urban centres North Korea, they have fallen victim to many buildings and not less than twenty-nine religious buildings dating from the eighteenth and nineteenth century. In those circumstances, the engineer Eugeniu Iordăchescu, then technical director of the Institute Project Bucharest, dared professional and moral to propose process whole new translation buildings and to press the authorities to save not less than ten buildings worship, and the Synodal Palace courtyard Antim Monastery, and he aimed for demolition.

Original in terms of design, technology implementation and transport equipment translation solution developed then is a special performance, which requires recognition and gratitude.

An example of how courage and civic awareness Dr.Ing. Eugeniu Iordăchescu can boost technical performance and have the most spectacular consequences in practical sphere.

 

Keywords: art, monuments and buildings translation, publication, assembly Hermitage monastery nuns, teaching activity

Cuvinte cheie: performanță tehnică, translatarea monumentelor și clădirilor, publicații, Ansamblul mănăstiresc Schitul Maicilor, activitate didactică

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31-9 EVOLUŢIA ŞI PERSPECTIVE ALE ROMÂNIEI ÎN UE

DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECTS OF ROMANIA IN THE EU

 

EU industry is the most important economic activity, there are traditions of innovation will continue investing in innovation and supporting research and ecological investment. Romania significant advances in these areas in recent years, reducing the gap with the EU average, but still not enough, and further efforts are necessary.

 

Keywords: EU, Romania, innovation, talent fruition, GDP/capita GDP / in habitant, patent

Cuvinte cheie: UE, România, inovare, fructificare talente, produs intern brut / cap de locuitor PIB/loc, brevet de invenție

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31-8 EFECTUL FOTOELECTRIC ȘI EINSTEINUL (Es) – UNITATEA DE MĂSURĂ A RADIAŢIEI LUMINOASE, Partea a II-a

PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT AND EINSTEIN (Es) –

RADIATION MEASUREMENT UNIT LIGHT – PART II

 

Albert Einstein in his honour, in recognition of his scientific contributions and merit, his name has been assigned to a unit of luminous radiation – Einstein (Es) representing the energy of a mole of photons transmitted to an electron and the 99- th element of the periodic table (actinide) was named einsteinium (Es). The main sizes photometers, photon and radiometric showing their name (in Romanian, English and French), the symbol/notation used and the unit of measurement, as well as some conversion factors between certain sizes radiometric, photometric and photonics are presented in tabular form.

 

Keywords: units of light radiation, Einstein (Es), sizes photometric, radiometric and photonics, conversion factors, tabular presentation

Cuvinte cheie: unități de măsură a radiaţiei luminoase, einstein (Es), mărimi fotometrice, fotonice şi radiometrice, coeficienţi de conversie, prezentare tabelară

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31-7 EFECTUL FOTOELECTRIC ȘI EINSTEINUL (Es) – UNITATEA DE MĂSURĂ A RADIAŢIEI LUMINOASE, Partea I-a

PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT AND EINSTEIN (Es) –

RADIATION MEASUREMENT UNIT LIGHT – PART I

 

It presents aspects of the life of Albert Einstein, physicist and exceptional man, whose existence was conducted under a single slogan: „Die Freude am Denken” – the joy of thinking. The five famous theoretical works published by Albert Einstein in 1905 had a profound effect on the development of modern physics.

The work on the phenomenon called the photoelectric effect will bring Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 (reason premiers: „Research in theoretical physics and the discovery of the photoelectric effect”).

 

Keywords: photoelectric effect, Nobel Prize for Physics, published works by Albert Einstein

Cuvinte cheie:  efect fotoelectric, premiul Nobel pentru fizică, lucrări publicate de Albert Einstein

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31-6 FIZICIANUL ALBERT EINSTEIN, PĂRINTELE TEORIEI RELATIVITĂŢII Partea a II-a

PHYSICIST ALBERT EINSTEIN,

PARENT THEORY OF RELATIVITY – PART II

 

Albert Einstein (b. March 14, 1879, Ulm – d. April 18, 1955, Princeton) was a theoretical physicist ethnic Hebrew, born in Germany, stateless since 1896, Swiss 1899, emigrated in 1933 in the US, naturalized American in 1940, professor at Berlin and Princeton. He was the author of relativity theory and one of the most brilliant scientists of mankind. In 1921 I was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.

Send famous letter to US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, stressing the need to atomic bomb production, as there is the possibility that the German government to use this plan. Einstein’s letter helped precipitate the efforts to obtain the atomic bomb in the United States. It should be noted, however, that Einstein had no direct personal role in its manufacture, after expressing his indignation regarding the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

 

Keywords: Albert Einstein, the first American atomic bomb, letter to US President Franklin D. Roosevelt

Cuvinte cheie: Albert Einstein, prima bombă atomică americană, scrisoare către președintele SUA, Franklin Delano Roosevelt

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31-5 FIZICIANUL ALBERT EINSTEIN, PĂRINTELE TEORIEI RELATIVITĂŢII, Partea I-a

PHYSICIST ALBERT EINSTEIN,

PARENT THEORY OF RELATIVITY – PART I

 

Albert Einstein (b. March 14, 1879, Ulm – d. April 18, 1955, Princeton) was a theoretical physicist ethnic Hebrew, born in Germany, stateless since 1896, Swiss 1899, emigrated in 1933 in the US, naturalized American in 1940, professor at Berlin and Princeton. He was the author of relativity theory and one of the most brilliant scientists of mankind. In 1921 I was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. It shows various mysteries personal life of the famous scientist, who apparently was at least as complicated and full of oddities as the theory that revolutionized the world of science. It is shown that Einstein’s famous formula, E = mc2 has finally been established, thanks to a team effort of physicists from France, Germany and Hungary.

 

Keywords: Albert Einstein theory of relativity. Nobel Prize Einstein’s famous formula, E = mc2

Cuvinte cheie: Albert Einstein, teoria relativității. Premiul Nobel, celebra formulă a lui Einstein, E = mc2

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29-80 CONSIDERAȚII PRIVIND REZISTENŢA LA IMPACT A PARAPETULUI DE PROTECȚIE FĂRĂ ELEMENT DE AMORTIZARE

IMPACT RESISTANCE CONSIDERATIONS OF ROAD
RESTRAINT SYSTEMS WITHOUT DAMPING ELEMENTS
The paper presents the results of experiment made using a pendulum
for road restraint systems without damping elements. Deformable parapets are
created to protect the vehicles and other participants at traffic from danger and
serious injury.
The results of the experiment are very important for the knowledge of
the type of parapets that are being used on the roads.
Keywords: shock test, road restraint systems
Cuvinte cheie: încercare la şoc, sisteme de reținere rutiere

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29-27 INOVAREA ŞI BREVETAREA CA SUPORT ESENŢIAL AL DEZVOLTĂRII ARMONIOASE A ŢĂRII

INNOVATION AND PATENT ESSENTIAL SUPPORT
HARMONIOUS DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY
As a continuation of previous work, this paper develops new areas
relative to the harmonious development of the country, especially related to
economic development based on local fruition international patent inventors.
Such a development can be achieved by legislative additions to greater cointerest
inventors and, especially, to co-interest and to upload material
responsible economic and political decision-makers to promote inventions local
professionals. This would achieve better results in fighting corruption, little
aspect analyzed by date.
Keywords: innovation, harmonious development, talent fruition, gross
domestic product/capita GDP/inhabitant, patent
Cuvinte cheie: inovare, dezvoltare armonioasă, fructificare talente,
produs intern brut / cap de locuitor PIB/loc, brevet de invenţie

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29-21 DESPRE ASCENSOARE (LIFTURI). ASCENSOARE FĂRĂ CABLU

ABOUT ELEVATORS (LIFTS). LIFTS FREE CABLE
The current system is inefficient elevators and limiting cable with a
fairly large footprint and requires people to wait a long time for the next
elevator. Recently, the German multinational ThyssenKrupp Corporation
introduced a revolutionary concept of elevator multi-cabs without cables, which
shorten long waiting in tall buildings. And it can be used not only for vertical
movement, and for horizontal movement. The proposed system is similar to a
railway subway could integrate several cabins propelled and running in a loop,
passenger transport is ongoing in several cabins, thereby reducing waiting time
and can offer passengers access a lift every 15 seconds. Thus, the space
occupied by elevators can greatly reduce transport capacity can increase,
achieving savings in energy consumption.
Keywords: multi-elevator cabins without wires, benefits
Cuvinte cheie: ascensor multi-cabine fără cabluri, avantaje

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29-20 DESPRE ASCENSOARE (LIFTURI). UN SCURT ISTORIC

ABOUT ELEVATORS (LIFTS). A BRIEF HISTORY
Urbanization has a permanently increasing trend and dynamics.
Because space is increasingly limited buildable urban buildings will increase
vertical lifts (elevators) becoming a key technology. The paper presents a brief
history of the emergence and development of lifts (elevators).
Keywords: Elevator/Lift, brief history, famous inventors
Cuvinte cheie: ascensor/lift, scurt istoric, inventatori celebri

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29-13 MĂRIREA ȘI DECĂDEREA UNEI MARI ÎNTREPRINDERI DE REPARAT MATERIAL RULANT DIN CLUJ-NAPOCA

A LARGE RISE AND FALL FIXED FOR THE ROLLING
STOCK CLUJ-NAPOCA
In this paper are presented phases it went through a major
undertaking repair of rolling stock over time from 1870 to 2016 (period of 146
years).
Keywords: locomotive, wagon train, repair, transport
Cuvinte-cheie: locomotivă, vagon de tren, reparații, transport

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29-03 SEBEȘ 2016 – LOCUL DE ÎNTÂLNIRE AL INGINERILOR ROMÂNI DE PRETUTINDENI

Analiza întâlnirii la Conferința Sebeș 2016 trebuie făcută și în
contextul principalelor evenimentelor recent petrecute care au un
puternic impact asupra activității inginerești naționale și internaționale.
În concepția noastră, în afară de evenimentul pe care-l analizăm, ele
vizează: schimbările climatice și consecințele lor; analiza și concluziile
rezultate la a cincea ediție a World Engineering Conference and
Convention (WECC2015) și Adunarea Generală a WEFO, desfășurate
la Kyoto în noiembrie-decembrie 2015; unele din permanentele
probleme privind starea economică, politică și socială a României după
evenimentele din 1989; Forumul Economic Mondial de la Davos
(Elveția), manifestare ajunsă la a 46-a ediție, pentru a dezbate o serie
de teme sub genericul „A patra revoluție industrială”; starea
învățământului ingineresc românesc și pregătirea specialiștilor.

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27-71 CONSIDERAȚII ȘI CALCULE ASUPRA CAZANELOR LOCOMOTIVELOR CU ABUR Partea a II-a

CONSIDERATIONS AND CALCULATIONS ON BOILERS OF STEAM LOCOMOTIVES. PART II

Part II of the paper presents a brief history of rail transport, exposure of the first steam locomotive that circulated in our country and characteristics. In Part II of the paper presents a study and proposals for repair of the boiler of the locomotive. It analyzes the phenomena occurring inside the boiler during operation. The purpose of repairing steam locomotives is to be played recreational circuits in different geographical areas.

Keywords: steam locomotive, boiler, rail, recreation

Cuvinte cheie: locomotivă cu abur, cazan, transport feroviar, agrement

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27-70 CONSIDERAȚII ȘI CALCULE ASUPRA CAZANELOR LOCOMOTIVELOR CU ABUR Partea I-a

CONSIDERATIONS AND CALCULATIONS ON BOILERS OF STEAM LOCOMOTIVES PART I

Part I of the paper presents a brief history of rail transport, exposure of the first steam locomotive that circulated in our country and characteristics. In Part II of the paper presents a study and proposals for repair of the boiler of the locomotive. It analyzes the phenomena occurring inside the boiler during operation. The purpose of repairing steam locomotives is to be played recreational circuits in different geographical areas. Keywords: steam locomotive, boiler, rail, recreation Cuvinte cheie: locomotivă cu abur, cazan, transport feroviar, agrement

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27-21 CONSTRUCȚII LA SUPERLATIV FOLOSIND CABLURILE DE OȚEL

CONSTRUCTION AT ITS BEST USING THE STEEL CABLES
Cables, springs, screws or steel wires, as well as many other wire industry products, are processed worldwide because they are absolutely essential for transmission of electricity, electronic data or mechanical forces.
This present study presents the most impressive engineering constructions made using steel cables, highlighting their importance in the development and progress in this area.
Keywords: bridge, steel cables, viaduct, steel wire
Cuvinte cheie: pod, cabluri de oțel, viaduct, sârmă de oțel

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27-20 CHINA – LA SUPERLATIV Partea a III-a

CHINA – AT ITS BEST – Part III
One of the contestants feared you 21st century economic market (because here are the biggest fights) is China. Among the most recent achievements of the Government in Beijing is „the three Gorges Dam” on the Yangtze River-6380 km-the third longest in the world, after the Amazon and the Nile. China’s model of economic progress transmits a significant lesson to all avid States economic charts, because progress has a price, a price so high that it cannot estimate the figures. Located in the Chinese capital, Beijing, Tian An Men Square is the biggest market in the world. Its shape is rectangular, measuring an area of 44 hectares, mainly its name and the gate that leads to the Forbidden City. China has become the second world economy taking the place of Japan in 2010, after its gross domestic Product (GDP) has exceeded that of the archipelago home islands throughout the year, according to figures announced by the Japanese Government. And the superlatives continue: high-speed rail network, the longest tunnels, skyscrapers, many other daring projects, etc., etc.
Keywords: Chinese superlatives, population, pollution, high speed trains, international trade, export, supercomputers, hydropower, navigable channels, art, skyscraper etc.
Cuvinte cheie: superlative chineze, populație, poluare, trenuri de mare viteză, comerț internațional, export, supercomputere, hidroenergie, artă, canale navigabile, zgârie-nori etc.

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27-19 CHINA – LA SUPERLATIV Partea a II-a

CHINA – AT ITS BEST – Part II
One of the contestants feared you 21st century economic market (because here are the biggest fights) is China. Among the most recent achievements of the Government in Beijing is „the three Gorges Dam” on the Yangtze River-6380 km-the third longest in the world, after the Amazon and the Nile. China’s model of economic progress transmits a significant lesson to all avid States economic charts, because progress has a price, a price so high that it cannot estimate the figures. Located in the Chinese capital, Beijing, Tian An Men Square is the biggest market in the world. Its shape is rectangular, measuring an area of 44 hectares, mainly its name and the gate that leads to the Forbidden City. China has become the second world economy taking the place of Japan in 2010, after its gross domestic Product (GDP) has exceeded that of the archipelago home islands throughout the year, according to figures announced by the Japanese Government. And the superlatives continue: high-speed rail network, the longest tunnels, skyscrapers, many other daring projects, etc., etc.
Keywords: Chinese superlatives, population, pollution, high speed trains, international trade, export, supercomputers, hydropower, navigable channels, art, skyscraper etc.
Cuvinte cheie: superlative chineze, populație, poluare, trenuri de mare viteză, comerț internațional, export, supercomputere, hidroenergie, artă, canale navigabile, zgârie-nori etc.

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27-18 CHINA – LA SUPERLATIV Partea I-a

CHINA – AT ITS BEST – Part I
One of the contestants feared you 21st century economic market (because here are the biggest fights) is China. Among the most recent achievements of the Government in Beijing is „the three Gorges Dam” on the Yangtze River-6380 km-the third longest in the world, after the Amazon and the Nile. China’s model of economic progress transmits a significant lesson to all avid States economic charts, because progress has a price, a price so high that it cannot estimate the figures. Located in the Chinese capital, Beijing, Tian An Men Square is the biggest market in the world. Its shape is rectangular, measuring an area of 44 hectares, mainly its name and the gate that leads to the Forbidden City. China has become the second world economy taking the place of Japan in 2010, after its gross domestic Product (GDP) has exceeded that of the archipelago home islands throughout the year, according to figures announced by the Japanese Government. And the superlatives continue: high-speed rail network, the longest tunnels, skyscrapers, many other daring projects, etc., etc.
Keywords: Chinese superlatives, population, pollution, high speed trains, international trade, export, supercomputers, hydropower, navigable channels, art, skyscraper etc.
Cuvinte cheie: superlative chineze, populație, poluare, trenuri de mare viteză, comerț internațional, export, supercomputere, hidroenergie, artă, canale navigabile, zgârie-nori etc.

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27-17 CALEA FERATĂ BEIJING-LHASA. Partea a II-a

BEIJING-LHASA RAIL. Part II Since the Foundation of the Republic of China has been the dream of having a national railway network that would unite all the provinces of China. For a long time, due to some hard obstacles, Tibet has remained the only province without access to the national railway network. It is said that the new train between Beijing and Lhasa, on the roof of the world in Tibet, is a selenaut. On 22 June 2006 took place the inaugural voyage of the railway that connects Qinghai province of China (capital city of Golmud) and the Tibet Autonomous Region (capital of Lhasa), crossing Tanggula Mountains (5072 m above sea level). The Beijing-Lhasa 4064 km is, of which 1,110 km are on the newly-built Qinghai-Tibet Railway. The train from Beijing to Lhasa sailing from July 1, 2006, achieving over in about 44 hours and has few stops on this route. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the highest railway in the world. The highest point lies at 5.072 m above sea level and the Tanggula railway station is located at 5.068 m, is the highest railway station in the world. Nearly half of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is located more than 4,000 meters above sea level. About 550 kilometres of the railway is built on frozen earth. Keywords: railroad Beijing-Lhasa, Tibet, Lhasa’s capital, Potala Palace, superlatives Cuvinte cheie: calea ferată Beijing-Lhasa, Tibet, capitala Lhasa, palatul Potala, superlative

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27-16 CALEA FERATĂ BEIJING-LHASA. Partea I-a

BEIJING-LHASA RAIL. Part I Since the Foundation of the Republic of China has been the dream of having a national railway network that would unite all the provinces of China. For a long time, due to some hard obstacles, Tibet has remained the only province without access to the national railway network. It is said that the new train between Beijing and Lhasa, on the roof of the world in Tibet, is a selenaut. On 22 June 2006 took place the inaugural voyage of the railway that connects Qinghai province of China (capital city of Golmud) and the Tibet Autonomous Region (capital of Lhasa), crossing Tanggula Mountains (5072 m above sea level). The Beijing-Lhasa 4064 km is, of which 1.110 km are on the newly-built Qinghai-Tibet Railway. The train from Beijing to Lhasa sailing from July 1, 2006, achieving over in about 44 hours and has few stops on this route. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the highest railway in the world. The highest point lies at 5.072 m above sea level and the Tanggula railway station is located at 5.068 m, is the highest railway station in the world. Nearly half of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is located more than 4,000 meters above sea level. About 550 kilometres of the railway is built on frozen earth. Keywords: railroad Beijing-Lhasa, Tibet, Lhasa’s capital, Potala Palace, superlatives Cuvinte cheie: calea ferată Beijing-Lhasa, Tibet, capitala Lhasa, palatul Potala, superlative

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27-15 CEA MAI MARE MAGISTRALĂ ACVATICĂ DIN LUME

THE LARGEST IN THE WORLD AQUATIC BUS
On 1 September 2010, Gaddafi opened and put into operation the total, BIGGEST BUS aquatic ever built on Earth, being called „the 8th wonder of the world”! A network of pipes 4 m in diameter, buried in the ground to prevent evaporation, carrying more than 5 million m3/day from a reservoir underground aquifer discovered in the desert, to areas populated coastal cam Nile flow as 200 years. The project cost was estimated la25 billion dollars, and Libya did not borrow a cent ANY IMF, World Bank etc. The project was conducted by experts from South Korea, but all equipment, piping, were built in Libya. The price of water brought from the Sahara is 35 cents/m3 to $ 3.75/m3 would have cost as desalinated seawater, and e … incomparably better. Now that Libya has land (now) fertile water, but little population, Egyptian farmers invited to come and work there Libya earth. An impressive project by Libya without indebtedness and ask for help from the West and that just as the same financial groups „developed countries”, encouraging the construction of a seawater desalination plants, water rationing in NOM (New World Order). Keywords: Libya, bus aquatic impressive project, desert Cuvinte cheie: Libia, magistrală acvatică, proiect impresionant, deșert

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27-13 SITUAȚIA PREZENTĂ A INGINERULUI ȘI A INGINERIEI

PRESENT SITUATION OF ENGINEERS AND ENGINEERING
The use of science in engineering started after the seventeenth century, the mutual improvement of fundamental knowledge and engineering sciences, where engineers had the lead role, led to the development of society, to ensure proper living conditions and more light. The paper analyses the present situation of engineering and engineering in Romania, proposing solutions accordingly. Profound rethinking the whole educational system, focusing on training is an absolute priority. The negative effects of climate change are already beginning to be felt all over the world. States are still poorly prepared for the huge potential impact on food security, water supply and human health, that. Global warming could undermine economic growth and could increase poverty. And a necessity: change current thinking on education policy makers in Romania.
Keywords: educational system, climate change, the role of engineer and engineering Cuvinte cheie: sistem educațional, schimbări climaterice, rolul inginerului și ingineriei

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27-12 ACTUALIZĂRI ŞI ASPECTE NOI PRIVIND O DEZVOLTARE ARMONIOASĂ ŞI ACCELERATĂ A ŢĂRII

UPDATES AND NEW FACTS CONCERNING
THE HARMONIOUS DEVELOPMENT AND
ACCELERATED OF THE COUNTRY
Extend and update, for tens of countries, aspects and data to the effect that, at present, a country is prosperous only if it has and leverages intensively great wealth natural and/or creates and leverages-intensive goods with high international competitiveness and to be based on its own technical solutions, original and protected by international patent the invention.
Although it has a high potential invention, Romania is for decades to the last place between current EU countries by the number of inventions international, reported to the number of inhabitants. As compared to previous periods, in the last year with data known, the situation this number has improved relative to U.S. patents, but it has been damaged and more for European patents.
They shall examine the subject in the general development of the country, indicating for the first time and the need for improving territorial division and to increase the number of advisers in industrial property, authorized for patent field of invention.
Keywords: harmonious, patent, land, industrial property advisers
Cuvinte cheie: dezvoltare armonioasă, brevet de invenţii, ţară, consilieri proprietate industrială

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26-14 STUDII ŞI CERCETĂRI PRIVIND DETERMINAREA CALITĂȚII AERULUI DIN MUNICIPIUL CLUJ-NAPOCA

STUDIES AND RESEARCH ON DETERMINING
AIR QUALITY IN CLUJ-NAPOCA CITY
This paper presents a series analysis of pollutants from urban
environment, respective to Cluj-Napoca city. It insisted on greenhouse
gas, gas that generates acid rain, as well as particulate matters.
Measurement were analysed and centralized to see in time the
evolution of these emissions.
Keywords: air quality, factors of air polluting
Cuvinte cheie: calitatea aerului, determinarea factorilor poluanți
din atmosferă
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25-78 DETERMINAREA COMPORTAMENTULUI LA OBOSEALĂ A SÂRMELOR ZINCATE ȘI NEZINCATE UTILIZÂND PROGRAMUL DE SIMULARE ANSYS

DETERMINATION OF GALVANIZED WIRE FATIGUE
BEHAVIOR USING ANSYS SIMULATION SOFTWARE
Although the total number of parts that break during service is not
great, however over 50 % of the breaks are caused by fatigue cracking or
corrosion fatigue, and so is of a great importance the knowledge and mastery
of this phenomenon.
This study discusses the fatigue behaviour of the wires, making a
comparison of results obtained on galvanized wire specimens and on
ungalvanized wire specimens, using Ansys analysis program.
Keywords: fatigue, meshing, CAD model, number of cycles
Cuvinte cheie: oboseală, discretizare, model CAD, număr de cicluri
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25-75 CONSIDERAȚII PRIVIND ÎNCERCAREA LA TRACȚIUNE A MATERIALULUI UZUAL FOLOSIT PENTRU PARAPETELE DE PROTECȚIE LA DRUMURI

CONSIDERATIONS ON TENSILE TEST OF USUAL
MATERIAL USED ON ROAD RESTRAINT SYSTEMS
The paper presents a comparison between the results of tensile test
experiments for the material used for road restraint systems, S235JR, black
and galvanized. Deformable road restraint systems protect the vehicles from
danger, which are forwarded on the carriageway minimizing serious injury.
After the execution of the restraint systems components, these are
promoted on the technological flow for hot dip galvanizing, being protected
against corrosion.
Keywords: tensile test, S235JR galvanized, road restraint systems
Cuvinte cheie: încercare la tracțiune, S235JR zincat, sisteme de
reținere rutiere
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25-74 CONSIDERAȚII PRIVIND LĂȚIMEA DE LUCRU A PARAPETELOR LA IMPACTUL CU O SFERĂ

CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE WORKING
WIDTH OF ROAD RESTRAINT SYSTEMS AT
THE IMPACT WITH A SPHERE
This paper presents the simulation of the behaviour of two types of
road restraint systems on impact with a sphere in different points from the pillar
axis. The working widths of the restraint systems during collisions are
presented. The working width is very important because it characterizes the
parapets during impact. The simulations were performed with the help of finite
element software using Altair Hyper Works modules.
Keywords: displacement of parapets, road restraint systems
Cuvinte cheie: deplasarea parapetelor, sisteme de reținere rutiere
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25-72 CONSIDERAȚII ASUPRA AMORTIZĂRII IMPACTULUI UNUI VEHICUL CU UN OBSTACOL RIGID Partea a II-a

REFLECTIONS ON A VEHICLE WITH AN IMPACT
DEPRECIATION RIGID OBSTACLE – Part II
Make a selection of work items and the factors that lead to unexpected
event called „traffic accident”. Are the concept of „safety” and the possibility of
its optimization. The paper is presented a solution to reduce the negative
effects that occur in the event of a frontal impact of vehicle with a fixed obstacle
through equipping its bumper with shock absorbers magneto rheological.
Keywords: bumpers, crash, car, traffic, obstruction, safety, obstacle
Cuvinte cheie: amortizor, accident, automobil, obstacol, siguranța,
circulație
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25-71 CONSIDERAȚII ASUPRA AMORTIZĂRII IMPACTULUI UNUI VEHICUL CU UN OBSTACOL RIGID Partea I-a

REFLECTIONS ON A VEHICLE WITH AN IMPACT
DEPRECIATION RIGID OBSTACLE – Part I
Make a selection of work items and the factors that lead to unexpected
event called „traffic accident”. Are the concept of „safety” and the possibility of
its optimization? The paper is presented a solution to reduce the negative
effects that occur in the event of a frontal impact of vehicle with a fixed obstacle
through equipping its bumper with shock absorbers magneto rheological.
Keywords: bumpers, crash, car, traffic, obstruction, safety, obstacle
Cuvinte cheie: amortizor, accident, automobil, obstacol, siguranța,
circulație
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25-25 CONSTRUCŢII DE PODURI Partea a II-a

BRIDGE BUILDING, part II
The bridge is a construction of category artworks, intended to
overcome an obstacle (the River, a Valley inland communications) moving
above them, being built over the immense valleys, across streams or linking the
Mainland and the island. Bridges, is an obsession of the writer Ivo Andrić; his
work, „it’s a bridge on the Drina” recounts the history of the Şokolovici bridge
traditional Mehmed Pasha, from Visegrad, Bosnia.
A bridge with a length of 1,380 m (30 m longer than the famous
Golden Gate in San Francisco), was inaugurated on august 19, 2013 in
Norway. Work on the bridge began in august 2009 and were completed in April
2013.
Galata bridge is a historic symbol of Istanbul today. He is one of the
great hearts, a vital link between the capital of old, old Constantinople and the
„new tow\” in Turkish, meaning city of merchants, banks and foreign diplomats.
The two distinct parts, the european Bank of the former Byzantine and Ottoman
capitals are the waters of mirificului Bay. The paper presents constructive who
built from 1453 to the present.
In 1502, Leonardo da Vinci’s drawing of a bridge has done „in one
piece”, 240 m, as part of a civil engineering project for Sultan Bayezid II Bridge
ought to be placed at the „mouth” of the Bosphorus, over a canal known as the
Golden Horn (Golden Horn). But no continued project B because he considered
such a construction impossible. The modern history of this unique bridge began
in 1996, when Norwegian artist Vebjorn Sand has seen the drawing shown in
the exhibition and acknowledged the „grația and the eloquence of Mathematics”
and proposed structure of the Norwegian public roads Administration to carry
out the construction. Leonardo’s bridge, built in Oslo in 2001, is a pedestrian
157
bridge and is the first civil engineering made after drawings by Leonardo da
Vinci.
In the past two decades, with the help of an intensive research
activities, they built bridges on roads, pedestrian or bicycle paths. Wood is a
very good building material, has good aesthetic appearance. The largest wood
bridge is the bridge in Vihantasalmi in Finland. The bridge has the largest span
is built from lakes Lahnavesi and Juolavesi and replaced by a construction
bridge. Was given in 1999.
Keywords: bridges, bridge on the Drina, Ivo Andric, Galata bridge,
bridge of Leonardo, the bridge Vihantasalmi, Finland, used materials: wood,
concrete and steel
Cuvinte cheie: poduri, E un pod pe Drina, Ivo Andrić, Podul Galata,
Podul Leonardo, podul Vihantasalmi din Finlanda, materiale folosite: lemn,
beton şi oţel
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25-24 CONSTRUCŢII DE PODURI Partea I-a

BRIDGE BUILDING, part I
The bridge is a construction of category artworks, intended to
overcome an obstacle (the River, a Valley inland communications) moving
above them, being built over the immense valleys, across streams or linking the
Mainland and the island. Bridges, is an obsession of the writer Ivo Andrić; his
work, „it’s a bridge on the Drina” recounts the history of the Şokolovici bridge
traditional Mehmed Pasha, from Visegrad, Bosnia.
A bridge with a length of 1,380 m (30 m longer than the famous
Golden Gate in San Francisco), was inaugurated on august 19, 2013 in
Norway. Work on the bridge began in august 2009 and were completed in April
2013.
Galata bridge is a historic symbol of Istanbul today. He is one of the
great hearts, a vital link between the capital of old, old Constantinople and the
„new tow\” in Turkish, meaning city of merchants, banks and foreign diplomats.
The two distinct parts, the european Bank of the former Byzantine and Ottoman
capitals are the waters of mirificului Bay. The paper presents constructive who
built from 1453 to the present.
In 1502, Leonardo da Vinci’s drawing of a bridge has done „in one
piece”, 240 m, as part of a civil engineering project for Sultan Bayezid II Bridge
ought to be placed at the „mouth” of the Bosphorus, over a canal known as the
Golden Horn (Golden Horn). But no continued project B because he considered
such a construction impossible. The modern history of this unique bridge began
in 1996, when Norwegian artist Vebjorn Sand has seen the drawing shown in
the exhibition and acknowledged the „grația and the eloquence of Mathematics”
and proposed structure of the Norwegian public roads Administration to carry
out the construction. Leonardo’s bridge, built in Oslo in 2001, is a pedestrian
149
bridge and is the first civil engineering made after drawings by Leonardo da
Vinci.
In the past two decades, with the help of an intensive research
activities, they built bridges on roads, pedestrian or bicycle paths. Wood is a
very good building material, has good aesthetic appearance. The largest wood
bridge is the bridge in Vihantasalmi in Finland. The bridge has the largest span
is built from lakes Lahnavesi and Juolavesi and replaced by a construction
bridge. Was given in 1999.
Keywords: bridges, bridge on the Drina, Ivo Andric, Galata bridge,
bridge of Leonardo, the bridge Vihantasalmi, Finland, used materials: wood,
concrete and steel
Cuvinte cheie: poduri, E un pod pe Drina, Ivo Andrić, Podul Galata,
Podul Leonardo, podul Vihantasalmi din Finlanda, materiale folosite: lemn,
beton şi oţel
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