Volumul 34


34-74 TEZE DE DOCTORAT – Sinteze –

CONTRIBUȚII PRIVIND STUDIUL PARAPETELOR DE PROTECȚIE LA DRUMURI – ANALIZĂ, SIMULARE, OPTIMIZARE

Dr. Ing. Maria-Adriana CORDOȘ (căs. Nechiti)
UNIVERSITATEA TEHNICĂ DIN CLUJ NAPOCA
14 decembrie 2017

Cuvinte cheie: parapete de protecție, comportarea parapetelor metalice la impact, analiza numerică şi optimizare, cercetări experimentale, etrior, deformații elastice, elemente de amortizare.

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34-73 STUDIU PRIVIND REALIZAREA UNEI NOI RUTE DE TRANSPORT PUBLIC DE CĂLĂTORI ÎN MUNICIPIUL SIBIU

STUDY ON THE REALIZATION OF A NEW PUBLIC PASSENGER TRANSPORT ROUTE IN SIBIU CITY
In Sibiu several new residential areas have been built in recent years. The public transport network must be developed to include the new neighbourhoods, as long as they have been built in areas that do not have available routes nearby. Such a neighbourhood is the Magnolia residence, built in a neighbouring area of Sibiu, with a single access road and no connection to the public transport network. The paper presents the studies made to design the new route, which in the meantime has been opened and proved to be effective for the inhabitants of the Magnolia area.

Keywords: public transport network, new public transportation route, transport route efficiency, multicriterial analysis

Cuvinte cheie: reţea de transport public, rută nouă de transport public, eficienţa rutei de transport, analiza multicriterială

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34-72 STUDIU ASUPRA ÎMBUNĂTĂȚIRII PARAMETRILOR DE TRAFIC ÎNTR-O INTERSECȚIE DIN MUNICIPIUL SIBIU

STUDY ON IMPROVING TRAFFIC PARAMETERS AT AN INTERSECTION IN THE CITY OF SIBIU
This paper presents different aspects that must be considered during the reconfiguration of agglomerated road junctions in Sibiu. In the first part road traffic data is highlighted along with tables with traffic speed on certain road sections. The study was made with focus on the following junctions: Milea, Semaforului, Rahovei and it analyzes the number of vehicles that cross this intersection, the traffic speed, the factors that have an influence over this feature and the measures that must be taken in order to have a continuous and lean traffic flow. The service level was determinates by calculating the road traffic capacity. The intersection was reconfigured by building an underground passage that will eliminate all collision points. Further, it was reconfigured by making a roundabout above the underground passage. The conclusions emerged from the traffic parameters calculations and how this particular junction should be reconfigured in order to reduce congestion.

Keywords: traffic congestion, traffic optimization

Cuvinte cheie: optimizarea traficului în intersecţii, sens giratoriu

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34-71 DEZVOLTAREA CERCETĂRII ȘI RAPORTĂRII EMISIILOR DE ACID FORMIC ÎN MANAGEMENTUL POLUĂRII MEDIULUI ȘI AL VIEȚII SĂNĂTOASE

RESEARCH AND REPORTING DEVELOPMENT OF FORMIC ACID EMISSIONS IN ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION MANAGEMENT AND LIFE HEALTH
The applied research work shows the significant aspects, instruments and technologies for analyze and reporting the formic acid emissions and few of the health effects. In the present paper are studied some aspects of a particular pollutant emission, namely the formic acid and its influence on environment. Formic acid is to be found in great amounts in the urban polluted environment, with exhaust gas emissions being considered the main source. The present paper underlines the importance of understanding each pollutant effect and multilevel correlations of influences. The aim of the study is to improve the life’s quality by developing and implementing control and reporting measures on air pollutants. This article presents the origins of formic acid in different areas. To have better air quality and more responsible people regarding the important measures that shall be taken for optimizing emission management, it is mandatory to show some reasonable arguments and methods regarding formic acid emissions control. It is very dangerous pollutant, because it has a great impact on health. The carcinogenic influence compared with other pollutants is amplified when is coupled with multiple components. The present study improves the knowledge in formic acid emissions management through technologies and impact on the environment. It is a global problem based on interdisciplinary instruments and technics.
Keywords: exhaust gases, formic acid, health, pollution, traffic
Cuvinte cheie: gaze de eşapament, acid formic, sănătate, poluare, trafic

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34-70 CONTRIBUȚII LA STUDIUL ECONOMIEI DE COMBUSTIBIL ȘI A AMPRENTEI DE CARBON ÎN CONDIȚII VARIATE DE FUNCȚIONARE PENTRU UN AUTOVEHICUL URBAN COMPACT LA UNIVERSITATEA TEHNICĂ DIN CLUJ-NAPOCA

CONTRIBUTIONS TO FUEL ECONOMY AND CARBON FOOT PRINT STUDY IN VARIOUS OPERATION CONDITIONS FOR A CITY COMPACT SIZE CAR WITH AT TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY FROM CLUJ-NAPOCA
Carbon footprint and automotive pollution are some important concerns in transportation field. Main objective of the present work is to propose, develop and implement the new complex method of computer aided measurement concerning carbon footprint in urban driving condition of a city car with instruments and equipment available at Technical University from Cluj-Napoca. Specific objectives consist in experimental research of fuel consumption and economy, determination of pollutant emissions from the motor vehicle and pointing out the method’s fundamentals at Technical University of Cluj-Napoca. A new method of advanced technological research was developed during this study. The junction of computer aided processing and fuel/chemical efficiency evaluation is pointed out during the paper development. There were also highlighted the economy and carbon footprint trend lines in each particular context.
Keywords: carbon foot print, hydrocarbons, validation by experimental work
Cuvinte cheie: amprentă de carbon, hidrocarburi, validare prin parte experimentală

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34-69 CONTRIBUȚII LA CERCETAREA ȘI DEZVOLTAREA EXPERIMENTALĂ A UNOR METODE AVANSATE DE ANALIZĂ ȘI RAPORTARE A EMISIILOR DE MONOXID DE CARBON PENTRU UN MANAGEMENT OPTIMIZAT AL SĂNĂTĂȚII ȘI VIEȚII

CONTRIBUTIONS TO EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOME ADVANCED METHODS FOR ANALYZE AND REPORT OF THE CARBON OXIDE FOR AN OPTIMIZED MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND LIFE
The experimental research paper and development of the work shows the most important factors, methods and materials for the evaluation, analyze and presenting the carbon oxide emissions, concentrations and some of the potential effects. Thus in the present work are analyzed few aspects of a particular urban area that is studied with advanced methods regarding the carbon oxide emissions. This article presents the sources of carbon monoxide globally and particularly at county level, in Cluj. The best way is to eliminate the pollution completely, but this is to idealistic. So in order to improve the overall air quality and people awareness toward the important work that shall be done for optimizing modern life adapting health to the environment, present paper shows some aspects regarding CO emissions and concentrations. It is an important pollutant, so it has effects on health. The cumulative effect with other pollutants increases its negative influence, and requires compliance with established limits. The present research shows the importance of CO in pollution management through multiple effects on the living body. It is a public health problem worldwide that requires multidisciplinary solutions.
Keywords: carbon oxide, hypoxia, health, pollution, traffic
Cuvinte cheie: monoxid de carbon, hipoxie, sănătate, poluare, trafic

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34-68 CONTRIBUȚII LA CERCETAREA RAPORTULUI DINTRE POLUAREA AERULUI CU OXIZI DE AZOT ŞI IMPACTUL ASUPRA MEDIULUI ȘI A VIEȚII

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE RESEARCH OF THE RELATION BETWEEN AIR POLLUTION WITH NITRIC OXIDES AND THE IMPACT UPON ENVIRONMENT AND LIFE
The scientific paper presents the most significant aspects for monitoring the nitric oxides pollutant emissions and some of their environmental effects. In the present paper are pointed out some topics related nitric oxides, namely the NOx and its influence on human health. Nitric oxides are creating serious health problems for living beings, showing a risk factor of class A1 toxicity. Health problems affecting the respiratory tract, including both neck segment and lungs, are strongly based on pollution from high temperatures burning. Smoking is also the major risk factor for respiratory health problems and it is an important source of acid rains. Strategic sequences to define the multiple sources of air pollution by optimizing air structure conditions and diminishing the environmental exposure hazards are imposed to control the development of health problems. These articles present the actual data concerning nitric oxides and their influence. This pollutant gas compound is problematic due to the fact of its toxicity and contribution to particle matter formation. The risk effect combined with different contributing factors is increased when it is not alone. The present research improves the information regarding nitric oxide gas data monitor by instrumenting latest equipment in pollutant impact research. It must be a general preoccupation based on interdisciplinary studies.
Keywords: exhaust, gases, nitric oxide, pollution, traffic
Cuvinte cheie: eşapament, gases, oxizi de azot, poluare, trafic

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34-67 EFECTUL BIO-FITO-MODULATORILOR ANCU DINCĂ CA METODĂ DE REDUCEREA A CO2 DIN AER

THE EFFECT OF BIO-PHYTO MODULATORS ANCU DINCĂ AS A METHOD FOR REDUCING CO2 IN AIR
Air pollution is a major problem nowadays, with consequences for human health as well as increasing the „greenhouse effect”. The level of CO2 concentration is worrying. A simple method for stimulation plant photosynthesis is provided by bio-fito-modulators Ancu Dincă type of DIEE and DEA. The changes of dry mass during the photosynthesis process that occurred in the Paulownia species were tracked using AncuDincă bio-phyto-modulators attached to the strain of the plants. The results of the experiments presented in this article confirm the beneficial contribution of Bi-phyto-modulators AncuDincă to the process of photosynthesis. The use of these devices can be recommended as a simple and cost-effective, environmentally friendly method for reducing CO2 in indoor air by choosing the right plants.
Keywords:bio-phyto-modulators, oxygen, carbon dioxide, photosynthesis
Cuvinte cheie: bio-fito modulatori, oxigen, dioxid de carbon, fotosinteza

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34-66 STUDII PRIVIND CAPTAREA ȘI STOCAREA CO2 ÎN VEDEREA PREVENIRII FENOMENULUI DE ÎNCĂLZIRE GLOBALĂ

STUDIES ON COATING AND STORAGE OF CO2
TO PREVENT GLOBAL HEATING PHENOMENON
Carbon dioxide capture and storage in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The work presents the necessity and technologies to capture and then to storage the CO2 to stabilize the concentration of greenhouse gases. The most used technologies are post combustion, oxy-combustion, pre-combustion. Because storage of CO2 in hydrosphere and biosphere is limited and over filled so that the only way for storage is geosphere which presents a low risk and high capacity storage.
Keywords: carbon dioxide, capture technologies, capture, storage
Cuvinte cheie: dioxid de carbon, tehnologii de captare, captare, stocare

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34-65 CONTRIBUȚII LA CERCETAREA EMISIILOR DE CO2 ÎN MANAGEMENTUL POLUĂRII MEDIULUI ȘI AL VIEȚII

CONTRIBUTIONS TO RESEARCH OF CO2 EMISSIONS IN ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION MANAGEMENT AND LIFE
The statistical research paper shows the important aspects, methods and instruments for reporting and analyzes the CO2 emissions and food related to health effects. In the present work there are studied few aspects of a particular green-house gas emissions, namely the carbon-dioxide and its relation with food and meat industry. CO2 is produced in great amounts in the combustion/oxidation processes and high polluted environment, with transport gas emissions being an important source, but also the livestock of animals kept for food. The present work outlines the importance of understanding this pollutant and its link with human food stock. The main objective of the study is to improve the life’s sustainability by comprehending and redefining nutrient control and reporting food and lifestyle influence upon environment. This paper shows the correlations of lifestyle and food choices for different people in some areas of the planet. To improve life quality and to be a sustainable people regarding the lifestyle and food that are chosen there have to be taken into consideration also the CO2 emissions. It is mandatory to reduce and control CO2 emissions, not only by cleaner transportation, but also by eating cleaner foods (fewer animals). The present lifestyle is risky, because it has a great impact on health. The carcinogenic pathologic aspect linked to the meat eating societies is amplified by other factors. The present paper links the CO2 emissions with food production. It is a general problem based on each individual choice and requires education and knowledge.
Keywords: CO2, carbon, footprint, meat, pollution
Cuvinte cheie: CO2, carbon, amprentă, carne, poluare

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34-64 CONTRIBUȚII LA CERCETAREA EMISIILOR DE CO2 ÎN MANAGEMENTUL POLUĂRII MEDIULUI ȘI AL VIEȚII

CONTRIBUTIONS TO RESEARCH OF CO2 EMISSIONS IN ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION MANAGEMENT AND LIFE
The research paper outlines significant aspects, equipment and technologies for gas analyze and pollution reporting with carbon dioxide and some of the health issues. In the present study are analyzed some trends of a particular pollutant gas emission, namely the carbon dioxide and its relation with the environment. Carbon dioxide is concentrated in great amounts in the combustion gas polluted environment, with great exhaust gas emissions. The present study outlines the high importance of knowing and comprehending each effect of the pollutant and various correlations. The main objective of the present paper is to improve upon environment by developing and defining control of pollutant emissions. This research paper presents the monitoring possibility of carbon dioxide in specific conditions. To reach a high quality environment and healthier beings, it is necessary to make some strong arguments and to define methodologies for controlling dioxide emissions. It is very risky for environment to pollute the atmosphere, because it has a great impact on future evolution trend. The present paper shows the equipment and real measurements for internal combustion engines emissions. The present study enriches the know how in carbon dioxide anthropic emission management with devices and proper methods. It is an important problem to be solved in order to control and reduce carbon dioxide at a proper level for better life conditions working with trans-disciplinary methods.
Keywords: exhaust gases, carbon dioxide, environment, pollution, traffic
Cuvinte cheie: gaze de eşapament, dioxid de carbon, mediu, poluare, trafic

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34-63 CONSIDERAȚII ANALITICE PRIVITOARE LA RAPORTUL DINTRE POLUAREA AERULUI CU BENZEN ŞI CANCERUL RINOFARINGIAN

ANALITIC CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE LINK BETWEEN AIR POLLUTION WITH BENZENE AND NASOPHARYNGEAL CANCER
The analytic paper presents the important aspects and relations for reporting the benzene pollutant emissions and some carcinogenic effects. In the present work are outlined some aspects of a particular molecular mixture between 6 atoms of carbon and 6 atoms of hydrogen, namely the benzene and its influence on health state. Benzene is a carcinogen for humans, class A1 of toxicity. Cancers affecting the respiratory tract, including both nasopharyngeal cancer and lung cancer, are strongly associated with pollution from coal and other solid fuel burning. Tobacco has been viewed as the major risk for respiratory cancers and it is an important source of benzene. Preventive steps to curtail the many sources of air pollution by improving living conditions and reducing the occupational exposure hazards are markedly needed to control the incidence of respiratory cancers.
This article presents the state of the art knowledge regarding benzene and its influence. It is a carcinogenic pollutant, because it has a high level of toxicity. The negative carcinogenic effect compared with other factors is accelerated when paired with multiple pollutants. The present paper enriches the knowledge regarding benzene emission reporting by using latest technologies in environment impact control. This has to be a global effort based on multidisciplinary approaches.
Keywords: exhaust, benzene, nasopharyngeal cancer, pollution, traffic
Cuvinte cheie: eşapament, benzen, cancer rinofaringian poluare, trafic

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34-62 CERCETAREA TENDINȚELOR DE INVESTIȚII PRIETENOASE CU MEDIUL ȘI ÎN EFICIENȚĂ ENERGETICĂ PRIN CURENTUL VEGAN

RESEARCH OF THE TENDENCIES IN ECO-FRIENDLY INVESTMENTS AND IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY THROUGH VEGAN TREND
This scientific work analyzes the statistical data and information available on Vegan trend (value system, consumption, investments and opportunities), in order to define economic vectors. Promoters and investors look interested in pragmatically oriented actions and strategies. They are interested about moral values and ideology, but also in resources of production, since plant based food costs less and the health impact positively correlated with it. In these conditions the data published in the present research paper and the showed statistics, as well as the study method and Vegan specific aspects are working to fulfill those expectations of interested people, as well as to prepare the academic and business class.
Keywords: energy-resources, economy, investment, profit, vegan
Cuvinte cheie: resurse de energie, economie, investiție, profit, vegan

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34-61 CERCETAREA EXPERIMENTALĂ A EMISIEI DE CO2 ÎN RAPORT CU DISTANȚA PARCURSĂ ȘI CONSUMUL DE COMBUSTIBIL LA AUTOMOBILUL MITSUBISHI L200 PE TRASEUL CLUJ-PITEȘTI

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF CO2 EMISSION IN RELATION WITH TRAVELED DISTANCE AND FUEL CONSUMPTION FOR MITSUBISHI L200 AUTOMOBILE ON THE CLUJ-PITEȘTI ROAD
The present experimental paper makes an endeavor in the specific average fuel consumption and carbon foot print in road traffic situation on a track between Cluj-Napoca and Pitești cities. There is no specific study correlated with this topic concerning the average fuel consumption values and carbon foot print for the 2.5 dm3 engine from the Mitsubishi L200. Today, using off road vehicles and SUV-s is a common practice in many areas. The effective average Diesel fuel consumption recording facilitates the carbon footprint evaluation with online software app regarding the traveled distance and level of pollution. Studying the average effective fuel consumption of the compression ignited engine from Mitsubishi L200 generates the possibility to diminish and control carbon foot print during exploitation, as well as the underline for optimal traveling speed. This practical ”in traffic” research is developed while testing the vehicle’s behavior regarding average effective fuel consumption through engine electronic module to gain experimental data. The recorded values are stored for different operation conditions, on planned trip.
Keywords: driving, consumption, L200, motor, Mitsubishi
Cuvinte cheie: deplasare, consum, L200, motor, Mitsubishi

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34-60 CERCETAREA APLICATIVĂ A UNOR DATE PRIVITOARE LA CALITATEA AERULUI ÎN CARTIERUL MĂRĂȘTI DIN MUNICIPIUL CLUJ-NAPOCA

APPLIED RESEARCH ON SOME DATA REGARDING AIR QUALITY IN MĂRĂȘTI AREA FROM CLUJ-NAPOCA CITY
The applied research and development strategies presents the significant factors, methods and materials used into the evaluation process, analyse actions and reporting procedures of the road traffic and anthropic activities. Thus in this present work it is taken into consideration the air quality in a specific road junction with high values of road traffic in order to improve on the environmental air status report. The best solution would be to have high air quality, but this goal is difficult to be reached out when there is high level of friction, high composite materials in motion and most of all when there are chemical pollutants issued out by the most diverse range of vehicles out there. The situation and even analyse it’s too costly and difficult due to the intricate structure of air quality dynamics nearby public roads. To improve the general attitude and people’s knowledge the present applied study hits and analyse some aspects concerning the air pollution dynamics and measurement automation that saves time, improve health and environmental protection strategies. The practical measurements, materials, methods and technical data are a part of an integrated system useful for enhancing and controlling air quality in real and central areas of the Cluj-Napoca city. The values are collected in different day and night intervals in order to facilitate a better understanding of gas composition dynamics. The tropospheric overload in high road traffic junction is due especially to nitric oxides. The pollutant factors have to be researched and documented in order to facilitate its optimized control.
Keywords: air quality, Cluj-Napoca, pollution, road, research
Cuvinte cheie: calitatea aerului, Cluj-Napoca, poluare, rutiera, cercetare

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34-59 STUDII CU PRIVIRE LA ANALIZA ZGOMOTULUI PRODUS DE EVACUAREA UNUI MOTOR CU APRINDERE PRIN COMPRIMARE

STUDIES ON NOISE ANALYSIS PRODUCED BY THE EXHAUST SYSTEM OF A DIESEL ENGINE
Analysis of noise level is necessary because, besides the fact that noise generates medical affections, it is one of the main factors of road vehicles pollution. In the present scientific paper is realized a study concerning the level of acoustic pollution generated by the exploitation of road vehicles, by the exhaust route of a diesel engine, analysing the noise produced at different engine speeds with and without curtain’s components of the exhaust system.
Keywords: noise, vehicle, acoustic pollution, exhaust
Cuvinte cheie: zgomot, vehicul, poluare sonoră, evacuare

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34-58 ANALIZA ZGOMOTULUI UNUI MOTOR DIESEL

ANALYSIS OF THE NOISE OF A DIESEL ENGINE
This paper presents the study of noise aspects of the diesel road vehicles. The legislation provides limits for motor vehicle noise, which is why it must comply with these limits. An optimal design and robust insulation help to a significant reduction of the noise produced by the engine and also make a difference in passengers comfort.
Keywords: noise, sound, vehicle, diesel engine
Cuvinte cheie: zgomot, vehicul, motor diesel

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34-57 SIMULAREA ATENUARII ZGOMOTULUI INDUSTRIAL PRIN PANOURI VEGETALE

SIMULATION OF INDUSTRIAL SOUND ABSORPTION THROUGH VEGETABLE PANELS
The paper contains the simulation for the study regarding the diminish and sound absorbtion into industrial hall. The indoor plants have the possibility to absorb, to reflect, and to diffract the sound waves. They are given into industrial hall, where is an industrial equipment that produses sound pollution in the strong way. In this situation it is necessary to establish what are the possibility to diminish this pollution, and we consider that it is possible using the plane formed with plants. They are the vegetable with the knowen sound characteristics as: sound absorbtion, and sound transmition. For this study was necessary to use the Matlab program packge in Simulink for the panel formed with bark or Ficus Benjamina tree (bush).
Keywords: simulation of industrial noise reduction, plant absorption
Cuvinte cheie: simularea diminuarII zgomotului industrial, absorbție vegetalǎ

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34-56 DIMINUAREA ŞI ATENUAREA ZGOMOTULUI ÎNTR-O HALĂ INDUSTRIALĂ

DIMINISH AND SOUND ABSORPTION INTO
INDUSTRIAL HALL
The paper contains theoretical consideretions for the study regarding the diminish and sound absorbtion into industrial hall. The indoor plants have the possibility to absorb, to reflect, and to diffract the sound waves. They are given into industrial hall, where is an industrial equipment that produses sound pollution in the strong way. In this situation it is necessary to establish what are the possibility to diminish this pollution, and we consider that it is possible using the plane formed with plants. They are the vegetable with the knowen sound characteristics as: sound absorbtion, and sound transmition.
Keywords: reducing industrial noise, pollution sonorǎ, absorption
Cuvinte cheie: diminuarea zgomotului industrial, poluare sonorǎ, absorbție

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34-55 EFICIENTIZAREA STAȚIILOR DE EPURARE. STUDIU DE CAZ: SEAU CONSTANȚA NORD

STREAMLINE OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT.
CASE STUDY: CONSTANTA NORD WWTP
This paper aims to present the present situation of the waste water treatment plant and methods to efficiency what is available to present day. Really there are many methods that may be possible but not always at the disposal of treatment plants. This is the struggle all sewage treatment faces in the continuing need to have as much money as possible to make this activity more attractive.
Keywords: waste water treatment plant, streamline, energy
Cuvinte cheie: instalație de tratare a apelor reziduale, eficiență energetică

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34-54 EVALUAREA NIVELULUI POLUĂRII AERULUI ÎN ZONELE CU ACTIVITĂȚI INDUSTRIALE

EVALUATION OF THE POLLUTION EMISSION
LEVEL IN INDUSTRIAL ZONES
Humans in their daily activities are causing urban pollution. Industry, agriculture and transport are the activities main responsible. Determinations for pollutant emissions were made in three separate cities, all belonging to Alba County. The measurements indicate that emission limit value was not exceeded.
Keywords: industrial pollution, polluting emissions, monitoring
Cuvinte cheie: poluarea mediului industrial, monitorizarea mediului

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34-53 CONTRIBUȚII LA CERCETAREA RAPORTULUI DINTRE INGINERIA ECONOMICĂ, RESURSELE NATURALE ȘI ALTE ACTIVITĂȚI ANTROPICE NESĂNĂTOASE

CONTRIBUTIONS TO RESEARCH OF LINK BETWEEN ECONOMIC ENGINEERING, NATURAL RESOURCES AND OTHER UNHEALTHIER ANTROPIC ACTIVITIES
The statistical research paper shows the important aspects, instruments and methods for analyze and monitoring the relation of wealth and health with their influence on the environment. Everybody wants to gain wealth and to have health, but that is not so simple, having a great toll on entire life. In the present paper there are presented some aspects of a particular idea, namely the influence which has the wealth on the health, considering production and marketing capacity. Our country is small when it comes of its surface, number of inhabitants or production capacity in comparison with most developed countries. The present paper underlines the statistics considering the wealth of a country or region influence upon health status. The richest countries in the world aren’t the healthiest ones. The economics took over all the sectors and everybody searching only for profit they forgot the fact that this gold rush has a great negative impact on their health. The carcinogenic influence of animal and high processed products compared with the organic plant based ones is amplified when is coupled with industry and urban pollution. The present paper shows interdisciplinary data considering animal production in Cluj and the potential for health impact, especially the negative one concerning consumerism and wealth spending when economical engineering is developing and people buy more.
Keywords: food industry, carbon-footprint, economy, meat, pollution
Cuvinte cheie: industrie alimentară, amprentă carbon, economie, carne, poluare

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34-52 EFECTELE POLUĂRII AUTOVEHICULULOR RUTIERE ASUPRA MEDIULUI ȘI A SĂNĂTĂȚII UMANE

EFFECTS OF ROAD VEHICLE POLLUTION ON
ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH
Road traffic in present is a source of environmental and human pollution. The paper presents some of the polluting elements produced by road vehicles. They also present their effects on man and environment. At the end of the work are made a series of recommendations for reducing the pollution due to road traffic.
Key words: Environment pollution, road traffic, reducing the pollution
Cuvinte cheie: Poluarea mediului, transport rutier

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34-51 CONTRIBUȚII LA ANALIZA STATISTICĂ A PARCULUI AUTO ȘI A POTENȚIALULUI TRANSPORTURILOR PE PLAN NAȚIONAL ȘI LOCAL

CONTRIBUTIONS TO STATISTICAL ANALISIS OF AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR AND TRANSPORT POTENTIAL ON NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVEL
The statistical analyze made in this paper shows the significant aspects, values and potential for development and investments in transport sector on national and local levels in Romania, with consideration of their influence also on the environment. The transport is one of the most developed activities developed by humans. It affects everybody and also the environment as a whole. Our country is focusing right now on transport activities, because since 2007, after integration there are increasing preoccupations for import and export activities. Predominantly importing materials and goods needs a lot of transportation to be made. Also people traveling between countries also need transportation and vehicles to do these trips. Many companies have been developed in the last 2 decades in order to meet these requirements of the market. There are no studies to show how far has been gone with this transportation development and which is the trend. The economics is close related to the transport activity or else it would not be done. The environmental impact is also great with high transportation activities, even if there are newer vehicles registered every year. The present paper shows the vehicle registration both in Cluj and on national level for different types of vehicles, especially those which are negatively impacting the environment and the economic activities, the market and society.
Keywords: emissions, cars, roads, transport, vehicles
Cuvinte cheie: emisii, autovehicule, drumuri, transport, vehicule

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34-50 ANALIZA ȘI ÎMBUNĂTĂȚIREA ACTIVITĂȚILOR DESFĂȘURATE ÎNTR-UN DEPOZIT – STUDIU DE CAZ INDUSTRIA AUTOMOTIVE

ANALYSIS AND IMPROVING ACTIVITIES CARRIED IN A WHAREHOUSE – A CASE STUDY IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
At present, logistics and warehouse management are some of the most important branches in the production environments.On the one hand, they must ensure that all the components required in the production process are available in stock in JIT system and, on the other hand, that the cost of storage capacity should be reduced to a minimum. This paper aims to analyze and improve activity of a warehouse in a multinational automotive company.
Key words: analysis and improving activities, wharehouse management
Cuvinte cheie: analiza și îmbunătățirea activităților, managementul depozitelor

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34-49 COMPONENTE INTELIGENTE PENTRU TRANSMITE-REA INDEXULUI APOMETRELOR LA DISTANŢĂ

INTELLIGENT COMPONENTS FOR TRANSMITTING BY DIS-TANCE THE APOMETER INDEX
This article, describe a project based on the usual water meters used by homeowners to read the index contour by distance. Inkasent software allows us to create a database of water meters containing data collector routes. Ar-duino Pro Mini is responsible for interpreting the signals emitted by the magnet-ic sensor, converting them into numerical values, saving values in memory and transmitting them to the Bluetooth block. Also, Arduino Pro Mini is concretized in a development around the AT Mega 328P microcontroller platform.
Keywords: water-gage design, Inkasent software, Arduino, AT Mega 328/P
Cuvinte cheie: apometru, program Inkasent, Arduino, AT Mega 328/P

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34-48 CERTIFICAREA ENERGETICĂ A CLĂDIRII INSTITUŢIEI PUBLICE – CENTRUL DE EXCELENŢĂ ÎN CONSTRUCŢII DIN MUNICIPIUL CHIŞINĂU, REPUBLICA MOLDOVA

ENERGY CERTIFICATION OF THE BUILDING OF THE PUBLICINSTITUTION THE CENTER OF EXCELLENCE IN
CONSTRUCTION FROM CHISINAU, REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
The paper includes the results of case study on energy certification of an social and cultural institution, the concrete of adCenter of excellence in construction, with implementation of measures to rehabilitate the building’s energy situation.
Keywords: energy, energy expertise, thermal energy, electricity, energy conservation, energy certificate
Cuvinte cheie: energie, expertiză energetică, energie termică, energie electrică, conservare a energiei, certificat energetic

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34-47 SISTEME EFICIENTE DE ÎNCĂLZIRE PRIN RADIAŢIE DE JOASĂ TEMPERATURĂ

LOW-TEMPERATURE RADIATION EFFECTIVE
HEATING SISTEMS
In the paper there are presented the results of the case studies on the thermal stability of office type functional rooms, carried out in the climatic conditions of the Republic of Moldova, for the winter and transition period, on heating them by low temperature under floor heating systems, managed from a technical point of view through intelligent automation systems.
Keywords: energy, comfort, heating, thermal component activation, capillary tubes, effectiveness
Cuvinte cheie: energie, confort, încălzire, temperare, tuburi capilare, eficienţă

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34-46 ANSAMBLUL FACTORILOR CARE POT INFLUENŢA DESFĂŞURAREA UNEI ACTIVITĂŢI, PE ŞANTIERELE DE CONSTRUCŢII

ASSEMBLY FACTORS WHICH MAY INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ACTIVITY, ON BUILDING TREATMENTS
Construction activity is a complex activity, in its development being involved numerous factors. These factors are involved in the smooth development of the production, transport and commissioning processes of materials and they influence in a greater or lesser extent the proper conduct of the work on the site. Each of the components of the production, transport, assembly and dismantling process of the component elements influences the quality of the work and the period of time to achieve the target.
Keywords: concrete pouring, construction object, building materials
Cuvinte cheie: turnarea betonului, obiect de construcție, materiale de construcție

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34-45 VIZUALIZARE SECVENȚIALĂ A PROCESULUI DE FORMARE A DOPULUI DE GHEAȚĂ ÎN SECȚIUNEA DE TESTARE A UNEI CONDUCTE DE DIAMETRU MARE Partea a II-a

SEQUENTIAL VISUALISATION OF THE ICE PLUG DEVELOPPMENT PROCESS INSIDE THE TEST SECTION OF A LARGE DIAMETER PIPE – II
The technique of forming controlled ice plugs in pipe-line installations in order to isolate a section from the rest of the circuit is used for carrying out circuit maintenance or repair activities without shutting down the entire installation. Planning an intervention requires an estimation regarding the necessary time and quantity of liquid nitrogen to form an ice plug inside the pipe. They (along with the geometrical characteristics of the ice plug) depend on a series of specific factors. Using a video equipment to visualise the ice plug formation provides useful information useful process information regarding the ice layer deposition which can be used to develop calculus estimation for the required quantity of liquid nitrogen, for the process duration, and on a long term, to improve the freezing device configuration.
The paper then describes the convenience of visualizing the formation of ice plugs by studying the formation of the ice layers on the pipe inner wall.
Key words: isolating a pipe-line section, visualizing the forming of ice layers
Cuvinte cheie: izolarea unui tronson de conductă, vizualizarea depunerii de gheaţă

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34-44 VIZUALIZARE SECVENȚIALĂ A PROCESULUI DE FORMARE A DOPULUI DE GHEAȚĂ ÎN SECȚIUNEA DE TESTARE A UNEI CONDUCTE DE DIAMETRU MARE Partea I-a

SEQUENTIAL VISUALISATION OF THE ICE PLUG DEVELOPPMENT PROCESS INSIDE THE TEST SECTION OF A LARGE DIAMETER PIPE – I
The technique of forming controlled ice plugs in pipe-line installations in order to isolate a section from the rest of the circuit is used for carrying out circuit maintenance or repair activities without shutting down the entire installation. Planning an intervention requires an estimation regarding the necessary time and quantity of liquid nitrogen to form an ice plug inside the pipe. They (along with the geometrical characteristics of the ice plug) depend on a series of specific factors. Using a video equipment to visualise the ice plug formation provides useful information useful process information regarding the ice layer deposition which can be used to develop a calculus estimation for the required quantity of liquid nitrogen, for the process duration, and on a long term, to improve the freezing device configuration.
The paper then describes the convenience of visualizing the formation of ice plugs by studying the formation of the ice layers on the pipe inner wall.
Key words: isolating a pipe-line section, visualizing the forming of ice layers
Cuvinte cheie: izolarea unui tronson de conductă, vizualizarea depunerii de gheaţă

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34-43 PROIECTAREA ȘI CONTROLUL UNUI ROBOT MOBIL DE EXPLORARE, FOLOSIND REALITATEA VIRTUALĂ CA MEDIU DE SIMULARE

DESIGN AND CONTROL OF A MOBILE ROBOT OF EXPLORATION, USING VIRTUAL REALITY AS
A SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT
The scientific paper summarizes an experimental work which is about at creating a virtual reality application for a mobile exploration robot, using Unity 5 program for virtual reality (VR) environment. The task of the mobile exploration robot is collecting samples on the surface of a ground, and these samples are then placed in an enclosure with the help of a robotic arm, the robot being controlled by a joystick.
Keywords: mobile robot, VR, Unity 5, robotic arm
Cuvinte cheie: robot mobil, RV, Unity 5, braț robotic

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34-42 PROIECTAREA PIESELOR COMPLEXE UTILIZÂND MAŞINII CU COMANDĂ NUMERICĂ

PROCESSING OF THE COMPLEX PIECES USING THE COMMAND MACHINES-TOOLS
The information of this paper is role to inform us about use and development of the competences, regarding the control machines-tool. The using of commands the machine-tools offer a new perspective about the pieces processing, a new level of the theoretical knowledge’s, personal responsibility, and the coordinator function and supervisor.
Key words: control of machine tools, pieces processing
Cuvinte cheie: controlul maşinii-unelte, proiectarea pieselor

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34-41 BRAZAREA AlMn1/Ni 201 PLACAT CU Ag45CuZnSn

BRAZING OF AlMn1/Ni 201 CLADDED WITH Ag45CuZnSn
Brazing aluminium to nickel plates it is a very sensible process being influenced by physical brazing parameters, brazing devices, but also by type of materials used. Brazing process was carried out in a horizontally furnace under a controlled nitrogen atmosphere containing several enclosures. They were used two dissimilar base metals (an aluminium alloy and pure nickel) and the filler metal was the Ag45CuZnSn clad of the nickel base metal; this type of filler metal led to a brazed joint with percentages of defects below 6%, due to its very good adhesion to both the brazable surfaces of the base metals involved.
Keywords: brazing, Al-Ni
Cuvinte cheie: brazare, Al-Ni

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34-40 PRODUCEREA BILELOR MICI

MAKING SMALL SPHERES
The mill for the production of small balls, of hard and semi hard material contains as a main part a ring covered with the abrasive material (glued) on the abrasion surface. The ring has the vertical axis. The abrasive surface is made by gluing with glue that softens by heating. The moving of spherical material is made with compressed air, rotating in the grinding space, motion imprinted on the diffuser air. Compressed air comes through the center of the mill through a circuit with minimal aerodynamic resistances. Air pressure: 1 – 2 bar. Ball size: 1 mm. The grinding space has a 7 (horizontal) x 6 (vertical) mm section with an (average) length of 162 mm. The used raw material has cubic shape with a 30 % greater edge than the ball diameter.
Keywords: small spheres, technology, hard and half hard materials
Cuvinte cheie: sfere mici, tehnologie, materiale dure și semidure

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34-39 TEHNOLOGII PRIN ELECTREROZIUNE CU ELECTROD TUBULAR ȘI FILIFORM PE MUCN (II)

DESIGN OF EDM TECHNOLOGIES WITH TUBULAR AND PHILIFORM ELECTROD ON MTNC (II) This paper deals with the technology of making holes drilled with Ø8 H7 and cutting a contour from a piece with a filiform (or wire) electrode on the MUCN. The first part explains the EDM principle and presents the advantages of using the method. In the second part there is presented the manner of realization of the above-mentioned processes, as well as the drilling of solid metal tube electrodes. It also describes the operating principle (by EDM) of a wire-processing machine tool with numerical control.

Keywords: EDM – Electrical Discharge, dielectric, GAP – interstice, scintillation, Dielectric flow, Implosion of the plasma bubble, wire-cutting, die sinking Cuvinte cheie: EDM – descărcare electrică, dielectric, GAP – interstițiu, scintilație, curgere dielectrică, implantarea balonului cu plasmă, tăierea sârmei, scufundarea matriței

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34-38 TEHNOLOGII PRIN ELECTREROZIUNE CU ELECTROD TUBULAR ȘI FILIFORM PE MUCN (I)

TECHNOLOGIES WITH BY TUBULAR AND
PHILIFORM ELECTROD ON MTNC (I) This paper deals with the technology of making holes drilled with Ø8 H7 and cutting a contour from a piece with a filiform (or wire) electrode on the MUCN. The first part explains the EDM principle and presents the advantages of using the method. In the second part there is presented the manner of realization of the above-mentioned processes, as well as the drilling of solid metal tube electrodes. It also describes the operating principle (by EDM) of a wire-processing machine tool with numerical control. Keywords: EDM – Electrical Discharge, dielectric, GAP – interstice, scintillation, Dielectric flow, Implosion of the plasma bubble, wire-cutting, die sinking Cuvinte cheie: EDM – descărcare electrică, dielectric, GAP – interstițiu, scintilație, curgere dielectrică, implantarea balonului cu plasmă, tăierea sârmei, scufundarea matriței

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34-37 PROCES PROPUS PENTRU SINTERIZAREA COMBINATĂ A PULBERILOR METALICE

PROCESS PROPOSED FOR COMBINED SINTERIZATION OF METAL POWDERS
Starting from the analysis of two modern sintering methods for metallic powders, respectively sintering in the mold and electro sintering, and knowing the technological possibilities of lamps discharged in gas, with high intensity, in the present paper the author proposes a new sintering process combining electro sintering with the action of optical radiation impulses emitted by lamps discharged in gas. The recommended electro technical regime and scheme of the experimental plant are described in detail in the article.
Keywords: metallic powders, electro sintering, sintering in the mold, optical radiation pulses, gas discharge lamps, hardening surface
Cuvinte cheie: pulberi metalice, electro sinterizare, sinterizare în matriță, impulsuri de radiație optică, lămpi cu descărcare în gaz, suprafață de întărire

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34-36 MODELAREA MATEMATICĂ A REZISTENȚELOR MEDII DE RUPERE LA TRACȚIUNE A ÎMBINĂRILOR SUDATE DIN OȚELURI SLAB ALIATE ÎN FUNCȚIE DE REZISTENȚELE DE RUPERE LA TRACȚIUNE A MATERIALELOR DE BAZĂ

MATHEMATICAL MODELLING MEAN RESISTANCES TENSILE STEEL WELDED JOINTS BY RESISTANCE LOW ALLOY TENSILE BASIC MATERIALS
In the paper are elaborated the mathematical models of two types of low alloy steels used for the construction of fluids for the transport of fluids. The experimental study was conducted on two types of low alloyed steels: steel 13CrMo4-5 and 16Mo3. The correlation between the average tensile breaking strengths of the welded joints (untreated or heat treated by stress) by means of the processes 111, 141 and 511, as well as the breaking strength of the base materials (13CrMo4-5 and 16Mo3) according to the linear energy used for welding.
Keywords: low alloy steels, model, the average tensile breaking strengths
Cuvinte cheie: oțeluri slab aliate, model, rezistențe medii de rupere la tracțiune

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34-35 MODELAREA FENOMENELOR VIBRATORII LA SOLICITĂRI DINAMICE DE CONTACT ÎN RULMENŢII RADIALI

THE FLATTENING OF THE SPIRAL CASING SHELLS USING THE SOLIDWORKS SHEET METAL MODULE
The vibratory phenomena of bearings even appear even their surfaces are perfect. These vibrations are caused by the rotation of a finite number of rollers required between the two rings. Obviously, depending on the processing conditions, certain irregularities may occur. These irregularities lead to a series deviations from the normal contact between the rollers and the bearing rings. Two models of radial vibration: oval and triangular were studied.
Keywords: radial vibration, undulation, imperfections, stiffness
Cuvinte cheie: vibraţie radială, ondulaţie, imperfecţiuni, rigiditate

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34-34 INFLEUNȚA FRECVENȚELOR PROPRII ASUPRA GRINZILOR PLANE CU ZĂBRELE

INFLUENCE OF OWN FREQUENCIES
ON THE PLANE TRUSSES
In the paper is presented the way in which the own frequencies influence the good functioning of the plane trusses. The four types of trusses: Howe, Pratt, Warren with and without vertical beams were built and modeled with finite elements using the SolidWorks program. The experimental analysis was carried out on the particular stand developed for this kind of trusses. For the acquisition and processing of data, I use Kistler accelerometers and the LabVIEW program.
Keywords: truss, parallel soles, vibration, vertical beam
Cuvinte cheie: grindă cu zăbrele, tălpi paralele, vibrație, montant

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34-33 REZULTATE EXPERIMENTALE OBȚINUTE PRIN APLICAREA METODEI GRAFICE PENTRU OPTIMIZAREA ÎNVELITORII CILINDRU-SFERĂ SUB PRESIUNE INTERNĂ

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ACQUIRING THROUGH APPLING A GRAPHICAL METHOD FOR OPTIMIZATION OF SPHERE-CYLINDER SHELL UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE
Paper presents the analysis results of the stress state for the optimized through the graphical method of sphere-cylinder shell proposed by Dora Florea in the paper [1].The optimized contour with the programme SPLINE29 was enforce the achievement for the von Mises equivalents stress value of 17.8 MPa as analyzed by NASTRAN V.4.0 [3] programme. The profile presents a variation of the equivalents von Mises stress in the interval 15.18 MPa and 18.55 MPa. The maxim variation relative of the imposed stress for the optimization is 0.76 MPa with plus and 2.62 MPa with minus. In a critical point the variation of stress is 1.74 MPa.
Lucrarea prezintă rezultatele analizei stării de tensiuni pentru optimizarea unei ȋnvelitori sferă-cilindru prin metoda grafică de optimizare propusă ȋn lucrarea 1 de către Dora Florea. Conturul s-a optimizat cu impunerea de a se obține valoarea de 17,8 MPa pentru tensiunea echivalentă von Mises pe ȋntreg profilul. Profilul obținut prin rularea programului SPLINE29 a fost supus analizei stării de tensiuni cu programul de elemente finite NASTRAN V4.0 [3], abaterea maximă față de tensiunea impusă pentru optimizare fiind de 0,76 MPa cu plus de tensiune, respectiv 2,62 MPa cu minus de tensiune, variația în punctul critic fiind de 1,74 MPa pe învelitoarea cilindrică.
Keywords: Graphics of Echivalente von Mises stress, sphere-cylinder, internal pressure, spline function, NASTRAN V4.0, programme SPLINE29
Cuvinte cheie: grafică tensiuni echivalente von Mises, sferă-cilindru, presiune internă, funcție spline, NASTRAN V4.0, program SPLINE29

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34-32 DESPRE O METODĂ GRAFICĂ DE DETERMINARE A CONTURULUI OPTIM PENTRU ÎNVELITOAREA CILINDRU-SFERĂ SUB PRESIUNE INTERNĂ

ABOUT A GRAPHICAL METHOD OF OPTIM CONTOUR DETERMINATION FOR THE SPHERE-CYLINDER
SHELL UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE
The study of the analytical method for determination an optim contour for the vessels sphere-cylinder under internal pressure [1] with the achievement a uniform state of the stress, regarding the stress state from vessel, it considered the analytic equations for the stress state in the shell.
Present study propose to solve the same problem but used the graphics of equivalents Von Mises stress used the approximation method of the graphics through the spline functions.
Studiul metodei analitice de determinare a unui contur optim pentru invelitoarea cilindru-sferă sub presiune internă [1] cu scopul obținerii unei stări de tensiuni uniforme, privitor la starea de tensiuni din recipient, consideră ecuațiile analitice pentru starea de tensiuni în învelitoare.
Prezentul studiu propune rezolvarea problemei utilizând graficele tensiunilor echivalente von Mises utilizând metoda de aproximare a graficelor prin funcții spline.
Keywords: Graphics of Echivalente von Mises stress, sphere-cylinder, internal pressure, spline functions
Cuvinte cheie: grafica stresului echivalente von Mises, sferă-cilindru, presiune internă, funcții spline

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34-31 CERCETĂRI PRIVIND VARIANTE CONSTRUCTIVE LA O MASĂ VIBRANTĂ DE MARI DIMENSIUNI ŞI CALCULAREA GENERĂRII VIBRAŢIILOR LA GENERATOARELE DE VIBRAŢII CARE O ECHIPEAZĂ

RESEARCH REGARDING THE CONSTRUCTIVE VARIANTS FOR A BIGGER DIMENSIONS VIBRANT TABLE AND THE VIBRATION CALCULATION OF VIBRATION GENERATORS THAT ARE INCLUSED IN IT
The news information of the paper consists in designing and analyzing a wide vibrating table, analyzing the calculation that leads to the need for the number of vibration generators for this.
Keywords: vibrating table, vibration generators
Cuvinte cheie: masă vibrantă, generatori de vibraţii

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34-30 UNELE PARTICULARITĂŢI PRIVIND MIȘCAREA CORPURILOR DE REVOLUȚIE SUBȚIRI PE TRAIECTORIA DE ZBOR, ÎN PREZENȚA UNDEI DE ȘOC CONICE

SOME PARTICULARITIES CONCERNING THE MOTION OF BODIES OF REVOLUTION’S FLIGHT TRAJECTORY
THIN, CONICAL SHOCK WAVE
The paper presents a contribution to the aerodynamic body of revolution movement trajectories in the thin atmosphere. As a particular case, the paper refers to flying projectiles and missiles, to customize linarite stationary movements around thin bodies of revolution.
Keywords: projectile, missile, speed potential, Mach number, angle of attack, conical shock wave
Cuvinte cheie: proiectil, rachetă, potenţialul vitezelor, numărul Mach, unghi de atac, undă de șoc conică

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34-29 MENTENANȚA SISTEMELOR DE ACȚIONARE HIDRAULICĂ PRIN DIAGNOZĂ VIBROACUSTICĂ

MAINTENANCE OF HYDRAULIC DRIVE SYSTEMS VIA VIBROACOUSTIC DIAGNOSIS
The aim of the article is to presents some of the experimental results regarding the noise and vibration levels of different types of hydrostatic equipment’s in working. Vibration diagrams and acoustic spectra are measured in order to obtain a functional database of well-functioning diagrams so that to be compare with the diagram of malfunctioning hydrostatic equipment. The goal is to have a maintenance instrument in hydraulic drive systems diagnosis.
Keywords: vibroacoustic diagnosis, maintenance, hydraulic drives, reference model
Cuvinte cheie: diagnoză vibroacustică, mentenanță predictivă, mentenanță preventivă, acționare hidraulică, model de referință

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34-28 NOI DIRECȚII DE DEZVOLTARE A SISTEMELOR PNEUMATICE DE ACȚIONARE ȘI CONTROL

NEW TRENDS IN SERVO-PNEUMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
The paper presents trends in the development of pneumatic equipment emphasizing the need to adapt them to the requirements of complex automation systems in the new era of industrial development 4.0 (IIoT).
Keywords: servo-pneumatic drives, control system, industrial development
Cuvinte cheie acționări servo-pneumatice, sisteme de control, dezvoltare industrială

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34-27 PIERDERILE DE PUTERE ÎN INSTALAȚIILE HIDRAULICE LA REGLAREA VITEZELOR

THE POWER LOSSES IN SPEED ADJUSTMENT
OF HYDROSTATIC DRIVES
This paper aims to highlight how aparticular hydraulic configuration can influence power losses in a hydraulic drive scheme. From this point of view, hydraulic schemes of hydraulic linear cilinders are discussed.
Key words: design, hydraulic system, power losses, control speed
Cuvinte cheie: proiectare, sistem hidraulic, pierderi de putere, controlul vitezei

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34-25 REPARTIŢIA OPTIMĂ A PUTERII ÎNTRE HIDROAGREGATELE UNEI CENTRALE HIDROELECTRICE

OPTIMAL POWER REPARTITION BETWEEN UNITS OF A HYDRO POWER PLANT
The paper presents a methodology for the operation of those hydro power plants provided with more penstocks and more units by the optimal distribution of the dispatched power among its available generating units, aiming at the maximum efficiency of the completely hydro power plant energy conversion. Considering the unit operating characteristics as unequal at different head levels, the authors propose a modern program of optimal distribution of power between the units of a hydro power plant to take into account the real characteristics and real head for each unit to define the actual performance specifications. Further, this information can be utilized in the optimization process to minimize water expenditure at hydropower plant.
Keywords: hydro power plant, hydro unit, efficiency, hydraulic turbine, optimal load distribution
Cuvinte cheie: centrală hidroelectrică, hidroagregat, randament, turbina hidraulică, distribuţia optima a încărcării

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34-24 ASUPRA IMPORTANȚEI UNUI CRITERIU DE PROIECTARE A AMENAJĂRILOR HIDROENERGETICE

THE IMPORTANCE OF A DESIGN CRITERION
OF HYDROENERGY FACILITIES
The paper analyses the problem of the historical data on the periods of drought as a criterion of commercial contracts establishment, in accord with the hydropower design considerations. Even the insured flows statistics represents an major criterion of the plants design, the commercial contracts are established between economic entities, usually, having in their property more than one hydropower plant and of different capabilities, then the influence of the criterion requires a more subtle and complex analysis. The hydrological natural conditions require an operating graph for each hydroelectric plant. For some plants, the operation graph is corrected by the National Energy Dispatcher, in accord to the momentary energy market balancing requirements. The main owner of hydropower plants in Romania is the national company Hidroelectrica S.A. Its hydropower plants have different characteristics, depending on the installed power, geographic location, storage capacity and appurtenance to the list of plants for which the National Power Dispatcher has pre-emption. In this condition, the company has a range of flexibility, compared to other providers of electrical energy from hydraulic source. However, the restrictions imposed by the national dispatcher are severe enough in some dry periods, so the company has significant supply constraints. The paper analyses a practical situation for a period of time when the meteorological condition restriction the company operation. There will be demonstrated the level of restriction and the options for exploiting the production capacities, in order to not jeopardize the
safe operation of the National Energy System, and, in the same time, to cause minimum losses to the contractual partners.
Key words: design, layout, statistical data
Cuvinte cheie: amenajări, proiectare, date statistice

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