WORM GEAR. COMPARATIVE ISSUES ON SOME CLASSICAL WORM AND DUPLEX WORM
This paper presents some comparative aspects on worm gears precisely on the building blocks of duplex worm from classical worm, setting game in gear with the worm wheel.
Keywords: snail and slug classic duplex
TOOL AND METHOD FOR PRECISION GRINDFING FACE GEAR (II)
The paper presents the tool and for grinding the face-gear drives, coresponding to Rumanian patent OSIM RO121729 B1 Int. Cl.B24B1/00.
Keywords: pinion front wheel
TOOL AND METHOD FOR PRECISION GRINDFING FACE GEAR (I)
The paper presents the tool and for grinding the face-gear drives, coresponding to Rumanian patent OSIM RO121729 B1 Int. Cl.B24B1/00.
Keywords: pinion front wheel
THE PRESENTATION OF THE WORM-FACE GEAR DRIVE
The gear consists of two elements: the snail and the wheel surface. The gear wheel plane with snail, bearing contact is achieved as the conventional gears, worm gears by fine corrections of the pitch and the angle of the gearing on a flank and on the other and the snail song. Worm gears wormwheel flat not advertised for manufacturing machine tools, CNC, or being likely to be made even on conventional machine tools. The paper presents the basic elements for calculus of bearing capacity of the worm-face gear drive.
Keywords: bearing capacity
CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT CYCLOIDAL GEAR
The paper presents the basic kinematics elements of the cycloid gear tool shape for generating of rectilinear shape of the piece, after Professor. Litvin.
Keywords: gearing, gearing cicloidale law, theoretically exact profile
THE DETERMINATION OF THE SHAPE SPLINE HOB
The paper presents the basic elements for determination of the spline hob shape for generating of spline shaft.
Keywords: law of aggregation
GENERATE OF THE GENREATING WHEEL FOR KLINGELNBERG-PALLOID DRIVE
The paper presents the basic elements of generate the generating wheel for Klingelnberg-Palloid drive.
Keywords: wheel generating
THE PROGRAMME FOR GENERATING OF TOOLS HELICAL LINES
The paper presents the basic elements for determination of the points of tools helical lines. The evidence presented in this paper serve to check the car in 3D helical surfaces of cast iron tools used on machining centres in the automotive industry, tools to claim compliance with the strictness of helical surfaces that define their geometry.
Keywords: parametric equations of the helical lines
SIMULATION OF LOAD STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN WORM-FACE GEAR DRIVE WITH LOCALIZED CONTACT USING CATIA-GPS APPLICATION
Using a finite element method module, available within CATIA CAD application, the paper presents a practical procedure of stress load distribution evaluation and visualization, among the simultaneous contact teeth of a wormface gear drive with localized contact. The procedure is intended to be use for a preliminary and fast evaluation of the load stress prediction, based on magnitude and position of contact forces on teeth instantaneous contact flanks and, is illustrated here through a practical example.
Keywords: snail-wheel gear surface contact with localized, computer simulation, finite element manufacturing model
FRICTION COUPLE UTILIZE IN ELECTROMAGNETIC CLUTCH CONSTRUCTION – Part II
The paper presents the basic elements of friction phenomenon’s between friction couple in electromagnetic clutch construction, after dissertation of Corneliu Cashin Ph. D.
Keywords: the phenomenon of friction, friction couplers, electromagnetic coupling
FRICTION COUPLE UTILIZE IN ELECTROMAGNETIC CLUTCH CONSTRUCTION – Part I
The paper presents the basic elements of friction phenomenon’s between friction couple in electromagnetic clutch construction, after dissertation of Corneliu Cashin Ph. D.
Keywords: the phenomenon of friction, friction couplers, electromagnetic coupling
SCHEME SURFACE TREATMENT BY BROACHING
Improved performance, superior functional characteristics, high degree of accuracy and long life in service of the product cannot be obtained without introducing technical progress in all departments of activity at all stages of processing and technology operations.
Keywords: broaching, added processing, profile
ELEVATING PLATFORM WITH HYDRAULIC DRIVING AND ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM
The paper presents an experimental model for an elevating platform with hydraulic driving and energy recovery system, which aims the demonstration of possibility for recovery the potential energy from the lifting mechanisms with hydraulic driving. There are presented the designing of model, conceptual schema of the experimental model and the main components and subassemblies of the model. The experimental model was used for a experimental research, when were obtained o lot of graphical results regarding the variation of the main functional parameters of the platform, but this results will be presented in future paper. They have clearly demonstrated the possibility of potential energy recovery at elevating platforms.
Keywords: energy recovery, testing, experimental research, energy efficiency, sensors and transducers, data acquisition
HYDRAULIC LOWERING AND LIFTING EQUIPMENT WITH ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM
The paper presents a demonstrative model of Hydraulic lowering and lifting equipment with which aims the demonstration of possibility for potential energy recovery from the lifting mechanisms with hydraulic driving. There are presented the conceptual schema of the model, the main components and subassemblies. The experimental model was used for a experimental research, when were obtained o lot of graphical results regarding the variation of the main functional parameters of the platform, but this results will be presented in future paper. They have clearly demonstrated the possibility of potential energy recovery at elevating equipment.
Keywords: energy recovery, testing, experimental research, energy efficiency, sensors and transducers, data acquisition
THE REVERSE ENGINEERING OF A DRAGOON
The objective of the application is to describe the reverse engineering stages to transform a real dragoon object into a virtual geometry, using the Noomeo Optinum 3D scanner, Numisoft, Geomagic Wrap and Rapidform XOR3 software.
Keywords: Reverse Engineering, 3D scanner, dragoon
THE ANALYSIS OF STRESS AND STRAIN IN A VERY LOW POWER MICRO-TURBINE BLADE, USING TWO SOFTWARE PROGRAMS
The objective of this work is to make a comparison, in terms of analysing the State of tension and deformations arising as a result of simulations with a palette that the MEF consists of a turbine rotor for very low-power (8.25 kW)between the results obtained with the Stress Analysis of the program Autodesk Inventor Professional 2011 and with Solid Works program SimulationXpress 2011 Premium.
Keywords: comparison, analysis, state of stress and strain, FEM, blade, Autodesk Inventor 2012, Solid Works 2011
CONSIDERATIONS ON THE RESISTANCE CALCULATION OF PLANETARY TRANSMISSIONS
At the design of the gears from a planetary transmission, there appear some differences compared to the cylindrical or helical gears. Furthermore the crown gear is of particular importance in the calculation of these transmissions. A reduction in the thickness of the crown gear, in order to ensure certain elasticity, leads to a reduction of the total mass and to a better distribution of the load in a planetary transmission, but with the disadvantage that the load increases in the foot of the gear crown. Therefore, the calculation of the crown gear resistance increased in complexity and importance.
Keywords: Planetary transmission, voltages, calculation of resistance
RESEARCH ON TECHNOLOGY OF ACHIEVEMENT FOR RUNNING SOCKS – Part II
The socks part of the athlete equipment and aims to provide feet protection in different situations activities sports. Currently sports socks are made in a wide assortment range for each sport discipline. Due to the technological possibilities of the machines, socks are knit with the areas of protection and ventilation for foot, with the concomitant use of raw special materials and structures to fast away heat and humidity from the skin, providing a more natural environment, like barefoot climate. Currently, essential components socks consist of a sole sport adapted to the anatomical shape of the left foot and right foot, finding constructive solutions to protect all sensitive areas of the foot, and the development of areas of „conditioning”, which creates a optimal interface between shoes and feet [2]. Socks for sports activities must meet the requirements for comfort and resistance to stress, and anatomical-morphological and biomechanical analysis leg will socks optimize conditions to ensure the comfort and better functionality.
Keywords: design, comfort, foot, running socks, technology
RESEARCH ON TECHNOLOGY OF ACHIEVEMENT FOR RUNNING SOCKS – Part I
The socks part of the athlete equipment and aims to provide feet protection in different situations activities sports. Currently sports socks are made in a wide assortment range for each sport discipline. Due to the technological possibilities of the machines, socks are knit with the areas of protection and ventilation for foot, with the concomitant use of raw special materials and structures to fast away heat and humidity from the skin, providing a more natural environment, like barefoot climate. Currently, essential components socks consist of a sole sport adapted to the anatomical shape of the left foot and right foot, finding constructive solutions to protect all sensitive areas of the foot, and the development of areas of „conditioning”, which creates a optimal interface between shoes and feet [2]. Socks for sports activities must meet the requirements for comfort and resistance to stress, and anatomical-morphological and biomechanical analysis leg will socks optimize conditions to ensure the comfort and better functionality.
Keywords: design, comfort, foot, running socks, technology
RESEARCH ON ANALISYS ANATOMICAL – MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOMECHANICAL FOOT TO DESIGN RUNNING SOCKS – Part I
During running, the legs are subjected to mechanical stress, as supporting and moving the body weight. That required strong can lead to injury and need appropriate protection and comfort during any sports activity to obtain performance [1]. The socks are those who provide foot protection and a comfortable, dry and well ventilated inside the shoe [2]. It must to thermoregulation temperature in the feet and eliminate transpiration. Currently socks are designed with specific characteristics as stress by foot, since each sporting activity has its own sequence of movements requiring certain areas with varying intensity and adapted socks to the anatomical shape of the foot, so it is necessary anatomical-morphological knowledge of foot biomechanics during the run.
Keywords: comfort, food typology, design, plantar pressure, sport socks
BOILING BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS OF GLUTEN-FREE PASTA OF RICE, CORN, BUCKWHEAT AND SOYBEANS
In this paper is presented the boiling analysis of gluten-free pasta made by rice, corn, buckwheat, soybeans and the effects on them such as: their bonding the agglomeration tendency, boiling water sediment.
Keywords: gluten-free pasta, rice, boiling, consistency
BALANCING COMPONENT OF THE MAINTENANCE
The work contains the defining elements of how to balance considered component of maintenance, which shows a few examples of services balancing.
Keywords: Balancing, maintenance, examples
CLEANING THE METALLIC SURFACES FOR IN-SITU TREATMENTS
The paper presents a study on the native oxide film formed on steels surface by air exposure at ambient conditions and its cleaning. As in-situ thermochemical treatments require a clean and active surface, argon ion sputtering process is usually employed to eliminate this superficial oxide layer.
Keywords: atmospheric oxidation, steel, iron oxides, ionic bombardment
ESTIMATE METHODS OF PROCESSING OF SHEETS THROUGH FINE BLANKING – Part II
The paper presents the basic elements for determination of methods of processing of sheets through fine blanking. Represents a synthesis of knowledge relating to the specifics of the process of stamping, fine tuning the physical principles of separation of parts of precision stamping process, mechanism and equipment used.
Keywords: precision stamping
ESTIMATE METHODS OF PROCESSING OF SHEETS THROUGH FINE BLANKING – Part I
The paper presents the basic elements for determination of methods of processing of sheets through fine blanking. Represents a synthesis of knowledge relating to the specifics of the process of stamping, fine tuning the physical principles of separation of parts of precision stamping process, mechanism and equipment used.
Keywords: precision stamping
ATTEMPTS TO FORM ICE PLUG ON DRINKING/POTABLE WATER FLOWING THROUGH HORIZONTAL PIPE SECTION (of 200 mm nominal diameter)
In the hydraulic pipe-line installation, the cutting-off flow technique on a line (horizontal pipe) assumes to form an ice plug under controlled process or two ice plugs, for its isolation. On both cases the ice plug (or both ice plugs) is maintaining until completion of the maintenance / repair works made in circuit without shut-down installation. The paper describes a constructive and functional description of the experimental technological facilities followed by few sequences chosen from two tests carried out for potable water, and finally, the results and conclusions get. The paper is dedicated to specialist working in the research and technological engineering.
Keywords: cutting-off the flow, ice deposit, potable/drinking water, hydraulic resistance
THE EFFECT OF COPPER AND DEFORMATION ON SOME MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF IRON BASED SINTERED MATERIALS
The behaviour of materials to static solicitations and especially to dynamic solicitations is very influenced by the presence of pores in the structure. Their effect on the concentration of stresses is greater the more the pores are situated closer to the surface. It greatly depends on the type of solicitation that material is subjected to. The processing by plastic deformation can have a double effect. On one hand, it can lead to the hardening of the material; on the other hand, it leads to a favourable tension state in rapport with these types of solicitations. Experimental results show that the effect of superficial deformation of sintered materials on the mechanical properties is different according to the type of solicitation and the structure of the material. It has been observed that it has an important positive effect on the hardness, Young modulus and the behaviour to fatigue of sintered materials.
Keywords: plastic deformation, powder metallurgy, material properties
ON THE TECHNOLOGY OF A SINTERED MAGNETIC POLE
It is presented the technology of a sintered magnetic pole and the research needed to attain the necessary magnetic properties. It is started with iron powder, blended with lubricants, pressed in a double action die, sintered, and calibrated.
Keywords: iron powder, pressing, sintering, calibration
DEVELOPMENT OF MECHATRONIC SYSTEMS OF MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS FOR CYBER PHYSICAL SYSTEMS
This paper brings into question one of the major concerns at the global level, to effectively harness the exciting advancements in science and information technology, communication and leadership. The integration of computers into the physical processes involved in the emergence of large, complex systems, interconnected objects that come with processing capabilities and communication and can improve quality of life. These are the cyber physical systems.
Keywords: mecatronic system, intelligence, cyber physical system interaction
CRANKSHAFT REBUILDING FROM DIESEL FRETTING
This paper presents a method ethnological crankshaft repair of diesel locomotives fitted to power between 450 and 1250 HP. Repair of crankshaft technology apply to broken trees. The method applied is achieved by assembling Fretting two shaft ends broken.
Keywords: tree, relieving, sandifer, diesel overhaul
FORGING WITH CONTINUOUS FIBROUS STRUCTURE OF LARGE DIMENSIONS CRANKSHAFTS
This paper establishes that the further processing of continuous fibrous structure may cause a progressive break of large crankshafts.
Keywords: crankshafts, continuous fibre, macrostructure, micro chipped, microstructure, purity
INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURE ON THE QUALITY AND FATIGUE STRENGTH OF THE CRANKSHAFT IN SERVICE
This paper is based on experimental researches regarding the influence of structure on the quality and fatigue resistance in exploitation of crankshaft of large dimensions.
Keywords: fatigue, progressive braking, forging lines, fibber, metallographic structure, micrograph
MODIFICATION OF HIGH-ALLOYED STEEL GRADES BY APPLYING A HEAT TREATMENT AND CRYOGENIC (II)
Cryogenic treatment completes the classic heat treatment of steels with higher carbon content of 0.6 %, bringing substantially improving on properties, being very simple. Application of cryogenic treatment immediately after hardening has led to the increase in the percentage hardness of high-alloyed steels HS 18-1-1, RUL1 and X200Cr12 with 26.56 %, 34.5 % and 9.7 %. At the same time, Hardness Vickers values were increased with 41, 49 and 61 units, representing a 4.8 %, 6.3 % and 6.7 %, increase, as a result of martensitic transformation.
Keywords: martensitic transformation, low temperature, optical microscopy, Vickers hardness Cuvinte cheie: transformare martensitică, temperatură scăzută microscopie optică, duritate Vickers
STRUCTURE MODIFICATION OF HIGH-ALLOYED STEEL BY APPLYING A HEAT AND CRYOGENIC TREATMENT (I)
Cryogenic treatment completes the classic heat treatment of steels with higher carbon content of 0.6 %, bringing substantially improving on properties, being very simple. Application of cryogenic treatment immediately after hardening has led to the increase in the percentage hardness of highalloyed steels HS 18-1-1, RUL1 and X200Cr12 with 26.56 %, 34.5 % and 9.7 %. At the same time, Hardness Vickers values were increased with 41, 49 and 61 units, representing a 4.8 %, 6.3 % and 6.7 %, increase, as a result of martensitic transformation.
Keywords: martensitic transformation, low temperature, optical microscopy, Vickers hardness
THE RESEARCH OF EROSION CAVITATION ON STAINLESS STEEL X2CRNIMON22+5+3 HEAT- TREATED
In this paper is presented a comparative analysis between cavitation resistance of stainless steel austenito-feritic and OH12NDL stainless steel (traditional steel). To assess the damage produced by Cecil cavitaţionale implosion over stainless steel duplex X2CrNiMn22 + 5 + 3 tests have been carried out in the laboratory of Cavitation at the University Politehnica Timisoara. The assessment of the data and the interpretation of the characteristic curves of cavitation (loss of mass and speed of erosion) could find that stainless steel X2CrNiMn22 + 5 + 3 heat-treated by quenching followed by tempering the high cavitation resistance exhibited a higher compared with traditional steel OH12NDL.
Keywords: stainless steel, cavitationala erosion, characteristic curves, mass loss, resistance to cavitation
CHANGE THE BRONZE AMPCO 45 RESISTANCE TO CAVITATION BY VARIOUS HARDENING TREATMENTS
This paper presents of the micro hardness effect of the Bronze AMPCO 45 upon resistance to cavitation of erosion, generated to T2 device vibrating piezoelectric crystal, by the Cavitation Laboratory of the Polytechnic University of Timisoara. The micro hardness changing of the exposed surface to the cavitation, by volume heat treatment, laser reminting with three powers in pulse, and by thermal spray, followed by laser reminting, with two powers different in impulse. Research shows that resistance to cavitation erosion tends to grow exponentially with hardness. The greatest strength, namely the average penetration depth of erosion is recorded for the area covered with ceramic powders remitted with laser
Keywords: erosion by the cavitation, the cavitation, the average penetration depth of erosion, the hardness
STOCHASTIC PETRI NETS APPLIED IN THE DISCRETE EVENT
The starting point in developing this work was to choose a Markovian model developed based on stochastic transitions in different locations of the system. This paper is intended as an analysis of a stochastic transport system within a manufacturing system. The system is impracticable to design and analyse research prototype system, manifested in a case study. I chose to represent stochastic Petri nets.
Keywords: stochastic Petri networks, transport system
INTELLIGENT FUNCTIONS OF CNC MACHINE TOOLS
In this paper we try to highlight the advantages of the latest types of CNC machine tools (MUCN – in Romanian language), equipped with smart features on ensuring their maintenance. This becomes evident and is especially beneficial in Romania, where the production of machine tools is quasi nonexistent.
Keywords: System „MULTI-TASKING”, „DONE IN ONE” smart features, 3D, synchronized intelligent maintenance
APPLYING THE SIX SIGMA METHODOLOGY TO DECREASE THE NUMBER OF SCRAPPED PARTS ON A MANUFACTURING LINE
The current paper describes the application of the Six Sigma methodology for reducing the number of scrapped parts on the manufacturing line at Start Transmission. Herein it is shown how the four steps of the method, namely Definition, Measurement and Analysis, Improvement and Control, are applied, as well as the methods and quality tools used.
Keywords: six sigma, Pareto diagram, workflow diagram, control flow diagram
APPRECIATIONS ABOUT THE GOVERNMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE MANAGEMENT
Government Quality Assurance through the competent national authorities shall provide the confidence that the contractual requirements concerning quality are met. The work presents the mutual acceptance of government quality assurance management and usage of the allied quality assurance publications.
Keywords: Government, quality assurance, STANAG 4107
CONTRIBUTIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE SOUND-ABSORBING COEFICIENT
This paper aims to describe fiction and the components of a device for the determination of sound-absorbing coefficient published [1] în the previous edition and essential elements în implementing the architecture processed and acoustic signals analysis undertaken
Keywords: impedance tube, phono-absorbing coefficient, signal analizer
EVALUATION OF LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF LUBRICANTS AND LUBRICATING PROCESSES IN COMPRESSION IGNITED ENGINES’ MECHANISMS DEPENDING ON BIODIESEL CONTENT IN FUEL
Biodiesel use as fuel is a reality today. It is used in compression ignited engines throughout the entire planet. It may come alone or in mixtures with other fuels, either conventional ones or alternative solutions. Biodiesel itself is a bio-alternative solution for fossil fuels. In the present days the content of biodiesel in commercial fuels throughout the country does not exceed 10 %, but in the coming years it will increase toward 20 % and more. There have to be an extensive knowledge and scientific approach related to the effects that biodiesel has upon engine’s lubricants and lubrication processes. In this paper are presented some studies that were developed toward this specific objective and the significant conclusions which were made possible after the research. There are important influences of the biodiesel use as fuel even in the quality of engine lubrication process.
Keywords: biodiesel, lubrication, compression-ignition engines, engine lubricant, physic-chemical characteristics
STUDIES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF BIOFUELS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CATALYTIC CONVERTERS MOUNTED ON SPARK IGNITED ENGINES In this paper, the problem of study is designed maintenance or performance degradation of catalysts used in catalytic exhaust systems, which equips vehicles powered by an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition, in terms of using a fuel that comprises bioethanol.
Keywords: biofuel, bioethanol, catalytic converter, exhaust system, spark-ignited engines
PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMICITY ANALYSIS OF A DIESEL ENGINE THAT RUNS ON BIODIESEL
The paper aims to analyse through simulation of performance indicators (actual Power and Time effective) and economic indices (actual fuel specific consumption) of an engine operating on biofuels. The simulation program is Lotus Engine Simulation, free software for monocilindrice engines. There have been a series of simulations to highlight the differences between a pure Diesel fuel and B100 (100 % Biodiesel).
Keywords: Biodiesel, Diesel, simulation, Lotus Engine Simulation
THE ANALIZE OF SPECIFIC PARAMETERS FOR SPARK IGNITED ENGINE OPERATIONAL CYCLE DEPENDING ON ALTITUDE
The spark ignited engine is yet one of the most popular thermo-chemical energy converter worldwide used for propelling over 500 million cars today. Some of these vehicles are used in different geographic conditions that alter the engine operating regime usually by increasing fuel consumption and consequently the air pollution in order to maintain the torque and power output performances requested through the driver pedal. Because atmospheric pressure at high altitudes is lower in comparison with the see level, spark ignited engine’s operating conditions are tremendously changed in a 2000 meters of altitude range. The present paper unveils some of the particular engine operating conditions at different altitudes of the road and proposes some solutions and developing perspectives concerning the limitations and problems that occur during field operation. In order to obtain the same power and torque performances at any altitude level the engine operating parameters have to be the same at all times and at all altitudes. By field experimentation the research shows where the problems are; on the other hand, by analyze and interpretation it brings up the proper solutions to the inconveniences.
Keywords: intake, fuel injection, spark-ignited engine, engine performance
ANALYZING THE POSSIBILITIES OF PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF A CHARGED SI ENGINE BY MODIFYING IT’S DISTRIBUTION PHASES
This paper aims to analyze the possibilities through simulation of performance parameters improvement (mean effective pressure, boost pressure, exhaust flow and engine speed increase to sudden load change) of an engine to its basic version. As simulation software, AVL BOOST was elected, which gives the required accuracy for transient simulations. Simulations compared the engine performance of the various possibilities of amending phase distribution compared to the basic version of the analysed engine. Keywords: performance, distribution phases, simulation, charged
RESEARCES CONCERNING TE USE OF ATERNATIE FUES IN TRANSPORTATION
The present paper analse the actual trends and perspectives on the alternative fuels such are fossil fuels but also biofuels. The greenhouse gases emissions are analsed and compared beteen the most important alternative fuels.
keywords: alternative fuels, biofuels, transportation
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF CONFORMITY OF URBAN TRANSPORT VEHICLES BODYWORKS
It can be affirmed that the movement has emerged with the advent of motor transport. If the early use of these means of transport, traffic accidents is produced with low frequency, at the present time, due to the unprecedented increase in traffic, traffic accident has become an acute social problem. As a result, over time, it has acted in the following three major directions: the traffic. Regulation by a legal system, increase the level of performance of active safety provided by the motor vehicle, increasing the level of passive safety performance ensured by the motor vehicle.
Keywords: vehicle, bodywork, experimental testing
COMPUTATIONAL FIRE SIMULATION TO A CAR IN A SEMICLOSED SPACE
The article presents the work of the authors concerning the 3D fire simulation at a semi closed space involving one stationary car. A simulation using Pyrosim software is based on the physical model in which one electrical fault accident involving a car appear. The accident, consisting in a fire event at one stationary car, is modelled at 1.5 m from height. Considering an electrical fault followed by a fire, we obtained temperature fields and smoke spread depending on time in this tunnel. These information allow us to realize an appropriate impact on the event in aim of minimizing the time for a promptly intervention.
Keywords: road tunnel fire, heat release rate, Pyrosim software
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
This article presents the advantages and disadvantages propulsive vehicle with an electric motor. This type of propellant can replace thermal engines with high efficiency.
Keywords: electric motor, the hybrid vehicle, Lithium-Ion battery