Ilare BORDEAŞU


32-41 STUDIUL EROZIUNII OȚELULUI USt 37-2 PRIN CAVITAȚIE VIBRATOARE

Erosion study of the Steel UST 37-2

by vibratory cavitation

 

The paper presents the results of the experiment cavitation vibrators, carried on carbon steel for general use UST 37-2, used in the manufacture of hydraulic turbine components, along the route of water flow into the turbine. Testing is performed on standard crystal vibrator device piezo ceramic of the Cavitation Laboratory of the University Politehnica Timisoara. OH12NDL comparison with standard steel and grey iron with pearlite structure shows that steel has low resistance to cavitation generated by the vibrator device, therefore not recommended in the manufacture of parts in areas of developed cavitation.                    Keywords: erosion, cavitation, carbon steel, average depth of erosion, erosion rate, vibrator device                   Cuvinte cheie: eroziune, cavitație, oțel carbon, adâncime medie de eroziune, viteza de eroziune, aparat vibrator

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31-9 EVOLUŢIA ŞI PERSPECTIVE ALE ROMÂNIEI ÎN UE

DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECTS OF ROMANIA IN THE EU

 

EU industry is the most important economic activity, there are traditions of innovation will continue investing in innovation and supporting research and ecological investment. Romania significant advances in these areas in recent years, reducing the gap with the EU average, but still not enough, and further efforts are necessary.

 

Keywords: EU, Romania, innovation, talent fruition, GDP/capita GDP / in habitant, patent

Cuvinte cheie: UE, România, inovare, fructificare talente, produs intern brut / cap de locuitor PIB/loc, brevet de invenție

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26-56 CERCETAREA EROZIUNII CAVITAŢIONALE ASUPRA OŢELULUI INOXIDABIL X2CrNiMn22+5+3 TRATAT TERMIC

THE RESEARCH OF EROSION CAVITATION ON STAINLESS STEEL X2CRNIMON22+5+3 HEAT- TREATED
In this paper is presented a comparative analysis between cavitation resistance of stainless steel austenito-feritic and OH12NDL stainless steel (traditional steel). To assess the damage produced by Cecil cavitaţionale implosion over stainless steel duplex X2CrNiMn22 + 5 + 3 tests have been carried out in the laboratory of Cavitation at the University Politehnica Timisoara. The assessment of the data and the interpretation of the characteristic curves of cavitation (loss of mass and speed of erosion) could find that stainless steel X2CrNiMn22 + 5 + 3 heat-treated by quenching followed by tempering the high cavitation resistance exhibited a higher compared with traditional steel OH12NDL.

Keywords: stainless steel, cavitationala erosion, characteristic curves, mass loss, resistance to cavitation

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26-55 MODIFICAREA REZISTENȚEI LA CAVITAȚIE A BRONZULUI AMPCO 45 PRIN DIVERSE TRATAMENTE DE DURIFICARE

CHANGE THE BRONZE AMPCO 45 RESISTANCE TO CAVITATION BY VARIOUS HARDENING TREATMENTS
This paper presents of the micro hardness effect of the Bronze AMPCO 45 upon resistance to cavitation of erosion, generated to T2 device vibrating piezoelectric crystal, by the Cavitation Laboratory of the Polytechnic University of Timisoara. The micro hardness changing of the exposed surface to the cavitation, by volume heat treatment, laser reminting with three powers in pulse, and by thermal spray, followed by laser reminting, with two powers different in impulse. Research shows that resistance to cavitation erosion tends to grow exponentially with hardness. The greatest strength, namely the average penetration depth of erosion is recorded for the area covered with ceramic powders remitted with laser
Keywords: erosion by the cavitation, the cavitation, the average penetration depth of erosion, the hardness

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25-46 TESTAREA LA SARCINĂ STATICĂ DISTRIBUITĂ A PALETELOR DE TURBINĂ EOLIANĂ DE MICĂ PUTERE

TESTING AT DISTRIBUTED STATIC LOADS OF THE ROTOR
BLADES OF LOW POWER WIND TURBINES
This paper presents a study on distributed static load testing of 5 kW
wind turbine blades. There have been done tests at distributed static loads on
five blades of the rotor designed and installed in an Alba county site. It has also
been investigated the behaviour at the same load type and for the same blade,
using a finite element analysis method. There were drew conclusions about the
comparison of results obtained by the two methods.
Keywords: low power wind turbines, Finite Element Analysis, load,
stress
Cuvinte cheie: turbine de vânt de mică putere, paletă, metoda
elementelor finite, forţe aerodinamice, momente, tensiuni, rezistenţă mecanică
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19-62 CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND AVARIILE PRODUSE LA ARBORII TURBINELOR BULB DE LA PORŢILE DE FIER II

CONSIDERETIONS CONCERNING THE DAMAGES
CREATED ON BULB TURBINES IRON GATES II
The paper presents the damages observed, after an important time of
running, on the shafts of hydraulic bulb turbines. The damages have taken the
form of multiple cracks, generated through fatigue stresses.
Keywords: application to fatigue, hydraulic tubine bulb, cracking, corrosion
Cuvinte cheie: solicitare de oboseală, tubine hidraulice bulb, fisuri,
coroziune

62 CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND AVARIILE PRODUSE LA


20-23 TURBULENŢA VÂNTULUI CAPTAREA DE ENERGIE SUPLIMENTARĂ

TURBULENT WIND ADDITIONAL ENERGY CAPTURE
The energy provided by a wind turbine over a year, can be estimated
by integrating the power curve, the velocity distribution is known while. In these
circumstances, it ignores the extra energy could be captured by the wind
turbine, the wind speed turbulence.
This article aims to highlight this.
Finally, presents graphically experimental measurements of wind
turbine OPMS-7, which shows that the same average speed measured wind
turbine power debited different.
Keywords: extra energy, wind turbine, captured, turbulence, wind
speed, wind speed turbulence intensity
Cuvinte cheie: energia suplimentară, turbina de vânt, captată,
turbulenţa vitezei vântului, intensitatea turbulenţei vitezei vântului

23 TURBULENŢA VÂNTULUI


20-58 STUDIUL REZISTENŢEI LA CAVITAŢIE A OŢELULUI INOXIDABIL MARTENSITIC CU 12 % CROM DESTINAT FABRICĂRII PALETELOR DE MAŞINI HIDRAULICE

STUDY OF RESISTANCE TO CAVITATION TO MARTENSITIC
STAINLESS STEEL WITH 12 % CHROM USED IN
MANUFACTURING HYDRAULIC MACHINERY BLADES
Paper analyses the cavitations erosion for stainless steel with 12 %
chromium and 6 % nickel content. The experimental researches were
undertaken in the Cavitations Laboratory of the Timişoara Polytechnic
University using a vibratory facility respecting the conditions of the ASTM G32-
2006 Standard.
The steel behaviour was evaluated both on the ground of
microstructure erosion (through optic and electronic microscopy) and by
comparisons with other reference steel, with 18 % chrome and 10 % nickel,
which was use in Romania and other countries for manufacturing turbine
blades.
Keywords: cavitation erosion, microstructure, maximum depth of
erosion, stainless steel, chemicals
Cuvinte cheie: eroziunea cavitaţiei, microstructură, adâncimea
maximă a eroziunii, oțel inoxidabil, elemente chimice

58 STUDIUL REZISTENŢEI LA CAVITAŢIE A OŢELULUI


20-83 CERCETAREA EROZIUNII PRIN CAVITAŢIE ÎN LABORATORUL DE MAŞINI HIDRAULICE DIN TIMIŞOARA

LA RECHERCHE SUR L’ÉROSION DE CAVITATION
DANS LE LABORATOIRE DE MACHINES
HYDRAULIQUES DE TIMISOARA
Le but de l’ouvrage est la promouvoir des capacités de recherche de
la résistance et le comportement pour les différents types de matériaux, utilisés
principalement dans la fabrication d’équipements hydrauliques, à l’érosion de
cavitation. En ce sens, sont présentées les appareils utilisées pour l’étude, les
photomicrographies significatives pour les dommages produites par cavitation,
des paramètres et les courbes spécifiques qui sont utilisées pour analyser le
matériel testé, du point de vue de son comportement pendant de la cavitation.
Keywords: cavitation erosion, vibration machine, material testing,
erosion parameter, characteristic curves
Cuvinte cheie: eroziunea prin cavitaţie, aparat vibrator, material testat,
parametru eroziune, curbe caracteristice

83 CERCETAREA EROZIUNII PRIN CAVITAŢIE ÎN


23-8 EVOLUŢIA ECONOMICĂ A ROMÂNIEI

ECONOMICHAL EVOLUTION OF ROMANIA
Before and after EU accession, statistics show a modest position of
Romania in the EU and its lack of improvement over time, the absolute value of
GDP/capita (taken in $), the relative value of GDP/inhabitant (considered as %
of EU average) and, worse, a worsening world order number NOM, i.e. the
number of orders in the list of world states considered in descending order of
GDP/capita. The situation can be explained by statistical data on the number of
international patents for invention obtained by each country. Currently have
GDP/high only countries that have large natural resources and capitalizes
intensive, especially those related to the number of inhabitants, have many
international patents. Romania last in EU is the U.S. patents and European
patents. Details given this situation, the paper indicates only way to improve the
situation.
Cuvinte cheie: produs intern brut pe cap de locuitor, nivel de trai, brevet
Keywords: gross domestic product per capita, standard of living, patent

23-8 EVOLUŢIA ECONOMICĂ A ROMÂNIEI


24-38 CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND CREŞTEREA PUTERII ŞI REDUCEREA ZGOMOTULUI PENTRU TURBINELE EOLIENE DE MICĂ PUTERE CU PALETE PREVĂZUTE CU WINGLET

CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT POWER INCREASING AND
NOISE REDUCTION FOR LOW POWER WIND TURBINES
WITH TURBINE BLADE WITH A WINGLET
The low power wind turbines are being designated for locations that
have as a characteristic a moderate wind regime. These are placed in the
proximity of human habitation, where is necesary to reduce the aerodynamic
noise. Adding a winglet bended towards upstream side to the existing blade
increase the force distribution on the blade and increase the produced power.
The winglet bended towards downstream side reduces the aerodynamic noise.
Cuvinte cheie: turbine de vânt de mică putere, zgomot aerodinamic,
capătul paletei, vizualizări în tunel aerodinamic
Keywords: low power wind turbines, aerodynamic noise, winglet,
visualizations in aerodynamic tunnel

38 CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND CREŞTEREA PUTERII ŞI REDUCEREA ZGOMOTULUI PENTRU TURBINELE EOLIENE DE MICĂ PUTERE CU PALETE


24-58 INFLUENŢA TIPULUI ŞI PARAMETRILOR FUNCŢIONALI AI APARATULUI VIBRATOR ASUPRA EVOLUŢIEI EROZIUNII CAVITAȚIEI

INFLUENCE DU TYPE ET DES PARAMÈTRES
FONCTIONNELS DE L’APPAREIL VIBRATOIRE SUR
L’ÉVOLUTION DE L’ÉROSION DE LA CAVITATION
L’ouvrage analyse les différences créées par cavitation produite dans
deux appareils vibratoire avec différents paramètres de fonctionnement. Les
deux appareils, notés par T1 et T2, sont dans le Laboratoire de Cavitation dans
l’U.P. Timisoara. Les recherches effectuées montrent que la profondeur et la
zone de la surface érodée sont dépendantes de la forme et la taille du nuage
de la cavitation, attaché à l’échantillon. Les conclusions montrent que la
profondeur d’érosion est principalement déterminée par l’amplitude des
vibrations et l’expansion de la surface érodée de la fréquence de vibrations.
Cuvinte cheie: eroziunea de cavitaţie, diametru mediu a suprafeţei
erodate, amplitudinea şi frecvenţa de vibraţie, dispozitivul de încercare,
microstructura din oţel inoxidabil
Mots-clés: l’érosion de la cavitation, diamètre moyen de la surface
érodée, l’amplitude et la fréquence des vibrations, l’appareil du test, l’acier
inoxydable, microstructure

58 INFLUENŢA TIPULUI ŞI PARAMETRILOR


24-61 COMPORTAREA ȘI REZISTENȚA LA CAVITAȚIE A DOUĂ OȚELURI INOXIDABILE CU STRUCTURI BIFAZICE DE AUSTENITĂ ȘI MARTENSITĂ

THE INFLUENCE OF THE TYPE AND FONCTIONAL
PARAMETERS OF THE VIBRATOR APPARAT UPON THE
EVOLUTION CAVITATION EROSION
This paper analyses the behaviour and resistance to cavitation for two
stainless steels with biphasic structures of austenite and martensite, in different
proportions.
The two steels have the similar content of nickel, but different
chromium and carbon. Degradation of the investigated surface is accomplished
by vibratory cavitation, produced in the piezoceramic crystal device T2, located
in Cavitation Laboratory, University Polytechnic Timisoara.
The research results are presented in the form of penetration speeds
erosion, the experimental points and the approximation analytical curves, as
well as the photos for the profile breakings, in a given section The conclusions
show that the steel, with higher carbon content and lower of the chrome, has a
superior strength and the behaviour of the lower carbon content and higher
chromium, although, the latter has a higher proportion of the martensite,
constituent considered with the highest resistance to cavitation.
Cuvinte cheie: eroziunea de cavitaţie, oţel inoxidabil, microstructură,
compoziţie chimică
Keywords: erosion of the cavitation, stainless steel, microstructure,
chemical composition

61 COMPORTAREA ȘI REZISTENȚA LA CAVITAȚIE A DOUĂ OȚELURI INOXIDABILE CU STRUCTURI BIFAZICE DE AUSTENITĂ ȘI MARTENSITĂ


21-53 ASUPRA VALORIFICĂRII ENERGIEI VÂNTULUI ÎN ROMÂNIA

SUR LA VALORIFICATION DE L’ÉNERGIE ÉOLIENNE
EN ROUMANIE
Réorientation des Etats membres de l’UE, dirigée par des énergies
propres, a déterminé les facteurs roumains, de décision, à reconsidérer leur
position sur l’allocation des fonds pour étudier et utiliser de l’énergie éolienne;
la Roumanie ayant l’un de les plus importants potentiel d’énergie éolienne en
Europe. À cet égard, l’ouvrage vient à présente des éléments importants sur le
potentiel de l’énergie de Roumanie, avec l’exemplification pour l’emplacement
de Sulina. Les données contenues dans l’ouvrage ayant conduit à la nécessité
de développer le secteur de l’énergie éolienne, comme source d’énergie
alternative de l’avenir.
Cuvinte cheie: vânt, energie eoliană, curbe de frecvenţă, agregate
eoliene
Mots-clés: courbes de fréquence de l’énergie éolienne du vent, du
vent, les agrégats

53 ASUPRA VALORIFICĂRII ENERGIEI


22-16 CONSIDERAȚII PRIVIND CRITERIILE DE EVALUARE A REZISTENȚEI MATERIALELOR LA EROZIUNEA PRIN CAVITAȚIE

This paper presents the using criterions to estimate the behavior and
cavitațional resistance of materials. The materials were testing in laboratory
installations. Also are analyses how can it apply and calculate.
Cuvinte cheie: cavitație, rezistență, criteriu, parametru, viteza de
eroziune cavitațională
Keywords: cavitations, resistance criteria, parameters, cavitational
erosion rate

16 CONSIDERAȚII PRIVIND CRITERIILE DE EVALUARE


22-13 CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND ADAPTAREA MODELULUI PRANDTL PENTRU O TURBINĂ DE VÂNT DE MICĂ PUTERE

At low power wind turbines blade end is free. The paper shows the
negative influences of finite span on performance profiles. It is made a critical
analysis of application Prandtl model for finite span wing at low power wind
turbines. The paper introduces a new method for calculating certain
adjustments based on Prandtl model.
Cuvinte cheie: turbine de vânt de mică putere, modelul Prandtl,
anvergura finită, coeficient de portanţă, coeficient de rezistenţă, coeficientul de
portanţă indus şi coeficientul de rezistenţă indus.
Keywords: low power wind turbines, Prandtl model, scale finite lift
coefficient, drag coefficient, lift coefficient and induced drag coefficient induced

13 CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND ADAPTAREA MODELULUI


22-7 CONTRIBUŢII ÎN CORELAREA PARAMETRULUI EROZIUNII CAVITAŢIONALE 1/MDPR CU PARAMETRII FUNCŢIONALI AI APARATULUI DE CERCETARE

Établir des relations pour permettre l`application des résultats des
testes d`érosion de la cavitation, d`un appareil a l`autre, représente une
continue préoccupation des chercheurs. À cet égard, l`ouvrage offre un model
de cet type de relation, mais qui, dans cette phase, permettre la corrélation
d`un petit nombre de matériaux, testé en Laboratoire de Machines
Hydrauliques de Timisoara, Gdansk et Michigan.
Cuvinte cheie: rezistența la cavitație, parametri aparat vibrator, relații
de corelare
Mots-clés: résistance à la cavitation, les paramètres des appareils
vibrants, des relations de corrélation

7 CONTRIBUŢII ÎN CORELAREA PARAMETRULUI


22-6 METODA ELEMENTULUI DE FRONTIERĂ CU ELEMENTE LINIARE, PENTRU O REŢEA AXIALĂ ÎN ”S” Partea I

This paper presents boundary element method (BEM), with linear
elements, for the numerical simulation of ideal incompressible fluid, for a
reversible cascade”S” axial profiles. BEM apply for Laplace’s equation
depending on flow and hydrodynamic field, speed and pressure are obtained,
inside of domain analysis.

Cuvinte cheie: elemente liniare, BEM, ecuaţia lui Laplace, puncte
unghiulare

Keywords: linear elements, BEM, Laplace equation, angular points

6 METODA ELEMENTULUI DE FRONTIERĂ CU