Gabriel Nicolae POPA


31-50 CAMERELE DE TERMOVIZIUNE, APARATE DE MĂSURĂ UTILE ÎN INGINERIE

THERMAL IMAGERS, USEFUL MEASUREMENT

DEVICES IN ENGINEERING

 

The paper presents an analysis of thermal imagers used in different fields of industries. Thermal imagers are used in almost all industries, and can be used in laboratory applications, because of their advantages: measurement without contact, the visible and thermal images saving and transferring to a personal computer, measuring without interrupting technological process, comparing the visible image with the thermal image. Thermal imagers can be used to maintenance, debugging, and control of equipment and installations.

 

Keywords: thermal imagers, power engineering, electronics

Cuvinte cheie: camere de termoviziune, electroenergetică, electronică

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31-45 ANALIZA UNOR SISTEME CLASICE DE TELEMĂSURARE A NIVELULUI LICHIDELOR. SISTEME CU IMPULSURI DE C.C. ȘI CU LOGOMETRU DE NIVEL Partea I-a

ANALYSIS ON CLASSIC TELEMETRY SYSTEMS USED FOR LIQUID LEVEL. D.C. PULSES SYSTEMS AND LEVEL LOGOMETER – Part I

 

The paper presents an analysis of four classic telemetry systems for level measurement, i.e.: for three such systems with floating and counterweight, such as those with D.C. pulses, with potentiometer and a D.C. voltmeter, and two identical selsins, one transmitter and one receiver, and a resistive transducer system and logo meter level indicator, which is only used for liquids that have low resistivity. At the last system, it was made a study about linearized conversion, for liquid level in the angular displacement of the indicator.

 

Keywords: float level sensor, transducer resistive level gauge logometru, synchro

Cuvinte cheie: traductor de nivel cu plutitor, traductor rezistiv de nivel, logometru indicator de nivel, selsin

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31-40 ANALIZA CU ELEMENTE FINITE TRIDIMENSIONALE A MAŞINII SINCRONE HOMO-HETEROPOLARE UTILIZATĂ CA GENERATOR ÎN APLICAŢII EOLIENE SAU LA MICROHIDROCENTRALE

3D FEM VALIDATION OF HOMO-HETEROPOLAR SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE FOR WIND OR HYDRO APPLICATIONS

 

In an effort to introduce a low cost (PM less), low power electric wind or hydro generators, this paper reports on preliminary design aspects, 3D FEM analysis of a 2.5 KVA, 250-1000 rpm, reactive homo-heteropolar brushless synchronous machine (RHHBSM).

 

Keywords: three-dimensional finite element analysis, homo-heteropolar synchronous machine rotating excitation stator applications reduced wind power, small hydro

 

Cuvinte cheie: analiza cu element finit tridimensională, maşină sincronă homo-heteropolară rotativă, excitaţie statorică, aplicaţii eoliene de putere redusă, microhidrocentrale

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29-64 COMANDA UNUI SEMAFOR CU TREI CULORI ȘI STARE DE AVARIE FOLOSIND AUTOMATUL PROGRAMABIL ZELIO SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC

CONTROL OF TRAFFIC LIGHT WITH THREE COLOURS AND
HAZARD’S STATE USING PLC ZELIO SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC
This paper presents an application made to control of traffic lights with
three colors and hazard’s state simulated and implemented using ZelioSoft 2.
Also, program has been tested on laboratory bench comprising: a power source
model THF45US24, a PLC Telemecanique Zelio SR3 B261BD type with 24VDC
power supply, and Schenck simulation module with 2 analog inputs, 8 digital
inputs, and 8 relay outputs.
Keywords: wired logic, programmable logic PLC, language FBD
Cuvinte cheie: logică cablată, logică programată, PLC, limbaj FBD

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29-63 CONTROLUL UNUI INVERTOR MONOFAZAT CU MICROCONTROLER PIC

CONTROL OF A SINGLE-PHASE INVERTER WITH
PIC MICROCONTROLLER
This paper presents a single-phase power inverter with transformer with
intermediate connection (in primary circuit) which has the voltage form at the
output rectangular or quasi-sinusoidal shapes. Inverter control (six variants)
was performed with 8-bit PIC microcontroller and power transistors are
MOSFET type. In paper were performed theoretically and experimentally times
switching for transistors to reduce voltage harmonics 3,5,7,9 and 11.
Measurements of electrical parameters were performed for the six control types
when the inverter supplied an incandescent lamp.
Keywords: single-phase inverter, microcontroller, voltage harmonics
Cuvinte cheie: invertor monofazat, microcontroler, armonice de tensiune

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29-62 EFICIENȚA DE COLECTARE A ELECTROFILTRELOR INDUSTRIALE ÎN FUNCȚIE DE STRATURILE DE PRAF DE PE SUPRAFEȚELE COLECTOARE partea a II-a

COLLECTION EFFICIENCY OF INDUSTRIAL
PRECIPITATORS DEPENDING ON POWDER LAYERS
ON COLLECTING SURFACES – Part II
When treating large gas flows, industrial precipitators are the most
common in the industry. For a precipitator with three sections (from a thermal
power plant), the article presents, through simulation (based on real electrical
and technological parameters of a precipitator) collection efficiency,
penetration of dust particles and migration’s velocity depending on thickness of
powder layers on collecting surface.
Keywords: electrostatic precipitators, dust, speed migration, collection
efficiency
Cuvinte cheie: electrofiltre, particule de praf, viteza de migrație, eficiența
de colectare

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29-61 EFICIENȚA DE COLECTARE A ELECTROFILTRELOR INDUSTRIALE ÎN FUNCȚIE DE STRATURILE DE PRAF DE PE SUPRAFEȚELE COLECTOARE partea I-a

COLLECTION EFFICIENCY OF INDUSTRIAL
PRECIPITATORS DEPENDING ON POWDER LAYERS
ON COLLECTING SURFACES – Part I
When treating large gas flows, industrial precipitators are the most
common in the industry. For a precipitator with three sections (from a thermal
power plant), the article presents, through simulation (based on real electrical
and technological parameters of a precipitator) collection efficiency, penetration
of dust particles and migration’s velocity depending on thickness of powder
layers on collecting surface.
Keywords: electrostatic precipitators, dust, speed migration, collection
efficiency
Cuvinte cheie: electrofiltre, particule de praf, viteza de migrație, eficiența
de colectare

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29-60 CIRCUITE LOGICE DE BAZĂ CU STRUCTURĂ VARIABILĂ REALIZATE CU PORŢI ŞI-NU, SAU-NU ŞI SAU-EXCLUSIV, EXPERIMENTATE PE AP PS3

BASIC LOGIC CIRCUITS WITH VARIABLE STRUCTURE
MADE WITH NAND, NOR AND XOR GATES ON PS3 PLC
The paper presents the basic logic circuits made with integrated variable
structure NAND, NOR and XOR. The logical structure and function of these
circuits is changed by means of changeover switches which changes the logic
value of a signal at the input of XOR gates. In this way change the logic circuit
function with variable structure. Were performed experiments on the PS 3 PLC
(Klöckner-Moeller).
Keywords: logic circuits, AND – NOT gate, NOR gate, OR gate weeks
are exclusively allocated
Cuvinte cheie: circuite logice, poartă ȘI-NU, poartă SAU-NU, poartă
SAU -EXCLUSIV

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29-59 DETERMINAREA OPTIMALĂ A PARAMETRILOR GENERATORULUI ELECTRIC ASINCRON CU DOUĂ ÎNFĂŞURĂRI STATORICE – MODELUL MATEMATIC

PARAMETER OPTIMAL IDENTIFICATION OF DUAL THREE
PHASES STATOR WINDING INDUCTION MACHINE –
MATHEMATICAL MODEL
The parameter identification of a dual three phase’s stator winding
induction machine is approached in this paper by the genetic optimal algorithm.
The estimated parameter are: the voltage ratio between main and auxiliary
winding, the main winding resistance and leakage reactance, the cage rotor
resistance and reactance, the coupling leakage reactance between main and
auxiliary winding, the magnetization non saturated reactance, equivalent iron
loss resistance and mechanical losses including their variation with speed.
Keywords: asynchronous generator, two stator windings, equivalent
scheme parameters, calculating the optimal genetic algorithm
Cuvinte cheie: generator electric asincron, două înfăşurări statorice,
parametrii schemei echivalente, calcul optimal cu metoda algoritmilor genetici

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29-47 ANALIZA REGIMURILOR TERMICE ALE UNUI HIDROGENERATOR

ANALYSIS OF A HYDRO GENERATOR THERMAL REGIMES
The paper analyses the thermal regimes of a vertical synchronous hydro
generator, coupled with a Kaplan hydraulic turbine, depending on its active and
reactive powers. Operation at temperatures higher than permissible limits leads
to defects and abnormal functioning of hydro generator. The optimal
temperature increases stability and extends the lifetime of hydro generator, by
slowing aging of the rotor and stator windings.
Keywords: hydro, monitoring, temperature
Cuvinte cheie: hidrogenerator, monitorizare, regim termic

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25-54 MĂSURAREA ŞI AFIŞAREA TEMPERATURII DE LA UN ECHIPAMENT INDUSTRIAL CU SISTEM DE DEZVOLTARE CU MICROCONTROLER

MEASUREMENT AND DISPLAY OF TEMPERATURE FROM
INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT WITH THE DEVELOPMENT
SYSTEM WITH MICROCONTROLLER
In most industrial applications which used electrostatic precipitators that
have been used more than 30 years, their electrical equipment’s (i.e. power
supply sources, electric insulators etc.) are old in terms of measurements and
controls. Measurements and controls systems with a microcontroller can be
used at electrostatic precipitators for from thermal power stations. It presents
an opportunity to measure and display the temperature of electric insulator or in
a different part of power supplies.
Keywords: temperature, industrial, microcontroller, development system
Cuvinte cheie: temperatură, echipament industrial, microcontroler,
sistem de dezvoltare
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25-53 CIRCUITE BASCULANTE ASTABILE REALIZATE PE AUTOMATUL PROGRAMABIL PS-3 KLÖCKNER- MOELLER – Partea a II-a

BISTABLE TRIGGER CIRCUITS MADE ON PS-3 KLÖCKNERMOELLER
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER – II
The paper presents three variants of bistable trigger circuits with PS-3
(Klöckner-Moeller) programmable logic controller. They have in their
composition two electronic circuits with time-on delay circuits. For each bistable
trigger circuits present the principle accompanied by graphic representations of
the main signals of the bistable trigger circuits, the mode of operation of these
oscillators, and finally, the program achieved on PS-3 programmable logic
controller related signal generators.
Keywords: programmable, automatic changeover circuit, circuit time
astable, timing at actuator
Cuvinte cheie: automat programabil, circuit basculant astabil, circuit de
timp, temporizare la acţionare
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25-52 CIRCUITE BASCULANTE ASTABILE REALIZATE PE AUTOMATUL PROGRAMABIL PS-3 KLÖCKNER- MOELLER – Partea I-a

BISTABLE TRIGGER CIRCUITS MADE ON PS-3 KLÖCKNERMOELLER
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER – I
The paper presents three variants of bistable trigger circuits with PS-3
(Klöckner-Moeller) programmable logic controller. They have in their
composition two electronic circuits with time-on delay circuits. For each bistable
trigger circuits present the principle accompanied by graphic representations of
the main signals of the bistable trigger circuits, the mode of operation of these
oscillators, and finally, the program achieved on PS-3 programmable logic
controller related signal generators.
Keywords: programmable, automatic changeover circuit, circuit time
astable, timing at actuator
Cuvinte cheie: automat programabil, circuit basculant astabil, circuit de
timp, temporizare la acţionare
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25-49 CALCULUL CU ELEMENTE FINITE A PARAMETRILOR ŞI CARACTERISTICILOR GENERATORULUI ELECTRIC ASINCRON CU DOUĂ ÎNFĂŞURĂRI STATORICE

FINITE ELEMENT CALCULATION OF THE PARAMETERS
AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRIC GENERATOR
STATOR WINDINGS WITH TWO ASYNCHRONOUS
Induction generator with dual stator winding is very good for low power
and speed, wind and hydro power plant systems, because it has a good
controllability, low reactive power consumption, low cost and flexible
characteristics. In this paper is presented the 2D finite element method (FEM)
analysis, and parameters and characteristics.
Keywords: electrical generator stator windings, two asynchronous, low
speed, power and finite element analysis
Cuvinte cheie: generator electric asincron, două înfăşurări statorice,
putere şi turaţie reduse, analiză cu elemente finite
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19-48 ALIMENTAREA CU ENERGIE ELECTRICĂ ŞI AUTOMATIZAREA ELECTROFILTRELOR CU PLĂCI INDUSTRIALE

ELECTRICAL SUPPLY AND AUTOMATION OF INDUSTRIAL
PLATE-TYPE ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
The paper presents an analyse of power supplies types and automation
solutions for industrial plate-type electrostatic precipitator.
Keywords: electrostatic, power supplies, automation
Cuvinte cheie: electrofiltre, surse de putere, automatizare

48 ALIMENTAREA CU ENERGIE ELECTRICĂ ŞI


19-51 DETERMINAREA TIMPULUI DE PORNIRE A TRANSPORTOARELOR CU BANDĂ ACŢIONATE CU MOTOR ASINCRON TRIFAZAT

THE DETERMINING OF THE START TIME OF A BELT
CONVEYER DRIVEN BY A THREE-PHASE INDUCTION
MOTOR
The paper introduces an analytical method of determining the start time
of induction motors driving belt conveyers or other work machinery, which show
a constant resistant couple. This method is based on the analysis of the
transitory start condition of three-phase induction motors, showing a constant
resistant torque on the shaft.
Keywords: starting time, three-phase induction motor, conveyor
Cuvinte cheie: timp de pornire, motor asincron trifazat, bandă
transportoare
51 DETERMINAREA TIMPULUI DE PORNIRE A


19-54 UTILIZAREA INDUSTRIALĂ A CONVERTOARELOR STATICE DE MARE PUTERE (I)

INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS WITH HIGH POWER STATIC
CONVERTERS
The use of AC Drives in the industry applications has seen tremendous
growth over the last 40 years with the rapid development of high-power
semiconductors, power converter topology, new control strategies, and their
implementation with the advanced digital processors. These have mode it
possible to design drives with higher VA rating, with PWM and VC/DTC.
However, this article presents a real application in Kronospan S.A.
Sebes, with an ACS 5000 ABB static frequencies converter.
Keywords: power electronics, inverters, two and three levels of voltage,
direct torque control, industrial applications
Cuvinte cheie: dispozitive electronice de putere, invertoare pe două şi
trei nivele de tensiune, control direct de cuplu, aplicaţii industriale

54 UTILIZAREA INDUSTRIALĂ A CONVERTOARELOR


19-55 UTILIZAREA INDUSTRIALĂ A CONVERTOARELOR STATICE DE MARE PUTERE (II)

INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS WITH HIGH POWER STATIC
CONVERTERS
The use of AC Drives in the industry applications has seen tremendous
growth over the last 40 years with the rapid development of high-power
semiconductors, power converter topology, new control strategies, and their
implementation with the advanced digital processors. These have mode it
possible to design drives with higher VA rating, with PWM and VC/DTC.
However, this article presents a real application in Kronospan S.A.
Sebes, with an ACS 5000 ABB static frequencies converter.
Keywords: power electronics, inverters, two and three levels of voltage,
direct torque control, industrial applications
Cuvinte cheie: dispozitive electronice de putere, invertoare pe două şi
trei nivele de tensiune, control direct de cuplu, aplicaţii industriale

55 UTILIZAREA INDUSTRIALĂ A CONVERTOARELOR


23-43 PROIECTAREA CONVERTORULUI CURENT ALTERNATIV-TENSIUNE CONTINUĂ, UTILIZAT ÎN DISPOZITIVELE ELECTRONICE DE PROTECŢIE A MOTOARELOR ASINCRONE TRIFAZATE DE JOASĂ TENSIUNE

DESIGN OF A.C.-D.C. CONVERTER USED IN PROTECTION
ELECTRONIC DEVICES OF LOW VOLTAGE
THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS
In this paper presents the design of a.c.-d.c. converter used in
protection electronic devices of low voltage three-phase induction motors. The
main parts of converter are: current transformer, precision full-wave rectifier
and low-pass active filter.
Cuvinte cheie: filtru activ trece-jos, motoare electrice, protecţii,
redresor de precizie bialternanţă, transformator de curent
Keywords: active low-pass filter, electric motors, protection, precision
Rectifier two banded, current transformer

23-43 PROIECTAREA CONVERTORULUI CURENT ALTERNATIV-TENSIUNE CONTINUĂ,


23-45 GENERATOR ELECTRIC ASINCRON CU DOUĂ ÎNFĂŞURĂRI STATORICE PENTRU SISTEME EOLIENE DE PUTERE ŞI TURAŢIE REDUSE

ASYNCHRONOUS ELECTRIC GENERATOR WITH DUAL
STATOR WINDING FOR LOW POWER
AND SPEED WIND SYSTEM
Asynchronous generator with dual stator winding is very good for low
power and speed wind systems because it has a good controllability, low power
capacitor bank and flexible characteristics.
Cuvinte cheie: generator electric asincron, două înfăşurări statorice,
invertor, baterie de condensatoare
Keywords: asynchronous electric generator, stator windings second,
inverter, battery of capacitors

23-45 GENERATOR ELECTRIC ASINCRON CU DOUĂ ÎNFĂŞURĂRI STATORICE PENTRU SISTEME EOLIENE DE PUTERE ŞI TURAŢIE REDUSE


23-47 ANALIZA UNOR PARAMETRII ELECTRICI PENTRU SURSE DE PUTERE INDUSTRIALE

ANALYSIS OF SOME ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS FROM
INDUSTRIAL POWER SOURCES
This paper presents some measurements of electrical parameters
(voltages, currents, active, reactive, and apparent powers, deformant, and
fundamental power factors) from power sources used to industrial plate-type
electrostatic precipitators. These types of precipitators are used at
thermoelectric power plants.
Cuvinte cheie: analizor portabil trifazat, electrofiltre industriale cu plăci,
surse de putere, regim deformant
Keywords: portable three-phase Analyser, bag boards, industrial
power supplies, deforming

23-47 ANALIZA UNOR PARAMETRII ELECTRICI PENTRU SURSE DE PUTERE INDUSTRIALE


21-45 INTENSITATEA CÂMPULUI ELECTRIC ŞI TENSIUNEA DE DESCĂRCARE ÎNTRE ELECTROZII ELECTROFILTRELOR INDUSTRIALE CU PLĂCI

THE ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGTH AND DISCHARGE
VOLTAGE BETWEEN THE ELECTRODES OF INDUSTRIAL
PLATE-TYPE ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
This paper presents an analysis on discharge wires and collecting plates
used at industrial plate-type electrostatic precipitators. Electric field strength is
presented (maximum and mean value) and discharge voltage, that voltage
depends on the gas properties and the product between the pressure and
distance.
Cuvinte cheie: electrofiltre cu plăci, intensitatea câmpului electric,
tensiunea de descărcare
Keywords: electrostatic plate, electric field strength, the discharge
voltage

45 INTENSITATEA CÂMPULUI ELECTRIC ŞI TENSIUNEA


21-36 PROIECTAREA SESIZORULUI CAPACITIV DE ÎNTRERUPERE A UNEI FAZE, A SISTEMULUI TRIFAZAT DE ALIMENTARE CU ENERGIE A MOTOARELOR ELECTRICE

DESIGN OF CAPACITIVE SESIZORULUI
CANCELLATION OF A THREE-PHASE SYSTEM,
THE POWER OF ELECTRIC MOTORS
In this paper presents the design of capacitive sensor used for phase
brake of a three phase system, for electronic protection relay of three-phase
induction motors. The electronic protection depends on the load current
amplitude, which does not allow starting the motor in two phases.
Cuvinte cheie: sesizor capacitiv, protecţii, motoare electrice
Keywords: capacitive sensing, protection, electric motors

36 PROIECTAREA SESIZORULUI CAPACITIV DE


21-35 ACŢIONĂRI ELECTRICE PERFORMANTE CU MAŞINI ASINCRONE ŞI SINCRONE

ASYNCHRONOUS AND SYNCHRONOUS PERFORMANCE
ELECTRIC DRIVES
Power electronics controlled high-performance AC drives belong to hightech
industry is one of main factors for energy saving and productivity growth.
Cuvinte cheie: acţionări electrice, convertor sursă de tensiune, convertor
sursă de curent, convertor matricial.
Keywords: drives, converter voltage source, current source converter,
matrix converter

35 ACŢIONĂRI ELECTRICE PERFORMANTE CU MAŞINI