Arhive lunare: iulie 2014


25-22 SĂPUNUL – Partea I-a

SOAP – Part I-a
Soap is a salt of a fatty acid, with metals or amines, resulting from the
process of saponification. How general, soap is made up by: 1. which fats and
oils; 2. neutralization of fatty acids with alkanes. It presents a brief history of
soap, to obtain and use it. It details the Aleppo soap, black soap and soap RIF.
The company Colgate-Palmolive, a multinational company of consumer
products based on production, distribution and provision of household, health
care and personal products (soaps, detergents, toothpaste, tooth brushes),
represents a model for soap. Under the „Hill”, provides veterinary products.
Keywords: soap, historian, obtaining, Aleppo soap, black soap, soap
RIF, Colgate-Palmolive Company
Cuvinte cheie: săpun, istoric, obținere, săpun de Alep, săpun negru,
săpun RIF, Compania Colgate-Palmolive
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25-21 CEL MAI MARE ACCELERATOR DE PARTICULE DIN LUME, Partea a II-a,

THE LARGEST PARTICLE ACCELERATOR
IN THE WORLD
Part II
Particle accelerator is a comprehensive facility used in the field of high
energy physics to accelerate elementary particles. The accelerator is used to
study the elementary particles and the structure of the atomic nucleus.
European Organization for nuclear research-CERN, the world’s largest
laboratory for elementary particle research. CERN has put in place, on 10
September 2008, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a giant particle accelerator,
aimed at discovering the secrets of the universe. Is a project thought since the
early 1980s, working since 1998.
Considering the particularities of the LHC, the results obtained and
future particle accelerators.
Keywords: particle accelerator, European Organization for nuclear
research-CERN, the Higgs boson, the particle accelerator gigantic Large
Hadron Collider (LHC)
Cuvinte cheie: accelerator de particule, Organizația Europeană pentru
Cercetare Nucleară – CERN, bosonul Higgs, acceleratorul de particule gigantic
Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
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25-20 CEL MAI MARE ACCELERATOR DE PARTICULE DIN LUME

THE LARGEST PARTICLE ACCELERATOR IN THE WORLD – I
Particle accelerator is a comprehensive facility used in the field of high
energy physics to accelerate elementary particles. The accelerator is used to
study the elementary particles and the structure of the atomic nucleus.
European Organization for nuclear research-CERN, the world’s largest
laboratory for elementary particle research. CERN has put in place, on 10
September 2008, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a giant particle accelerator,
aimed at discovering the secrets of the universe. Is a project thought since the
early 1980s, working since 1998.
Considering the particularities of the LHC, the results obtained and
future particle accelerators.
Keywords: particle accelerator, European Organization for nuclear
research-CERN, the Higgs boson, the particle accelerator gigantic Large
Hadron Collider (LHC)
Cuvinte cheie: accelerator de particule, Organizația Europeană pentru
Cercetare Nucleară – CERN, bosonul Higgs, acceleratorul de particule gigantic
Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
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25-19 PROBE DE EVALUARE ÎN ÎNVĂȚĂMÂNTUL PROFESIONAL ȘI TEHNIC

EVALUATION TESTS IN VOCATIONAL AND
TEHNICAL LEARNING
This paper deals with the general approach of evaluation tests in
vocational and technical learning. Using the specification matrix, we can do an
analysis of the testing technics about results of learning process.
Keywords: evaluation tests, critical issues, matrix specification, items
Cuvinte cheie: probe de evaluare, aspecte critice, matricea de
specificații, itemi
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25-18 EVALUAREA COMPETENŢELOR PROFESIONALE

ASSESSMENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES
This paper deals with the general approach of assessment of
professional competences involved in the learning process. The developed
paradigms focus on the vocational key competencies, from one high
specialized unto to one general technical skill.
Keywords: school evaluation, professional competence, key
competence, planning evaluation
Cuvinte cheie: evaluare şcolară, competenţă profesională,
competență cheie, planificarea evaluării
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25-17 UNELE ASPECTE INGINEREŞTI PRIVIND ARTA OSHIBANA

SOME ENGINEERING ASPECTS REGARDING
OSHIBANA ART
The pressed flower art, Oshibana, was developed by japans samurai
centuries ago. This art found followers in Romania, some of them being
Oshibana Maestro Artist. Inspired by them we found that some basic
engineering aspects are beyond the success in the flower pressing process.
The authors of this paper aim to practice these engineering aspects on the
vegetal material to obtain suitable Oshibana parts. We use petals from the
following flowers: yellow rose (Rosa L.), red carnation (Dianthus Caryophyllus),
and violet crocus (Crocus Vernus). The resulted pressed petals were
investigated with transmitted light optical microscope. The petals fibber network
was observed as well as the pigment alveoli. The petal cohesion under
pressure is assured by the cellulose fibres meanwhile the intracellular liquid is
absorbed by the press paper pages, finally the petal cells become flat and dry.
The pigment alveoli were distinct observed for all samples. Their diameter is
significantly increased under pressure ranging from 30 – 40 μm. The flattening
tendency is prone at Crocus and Dianthus and less intense at the Rose petal.
Keywords: pressed flowers, Oshibana, optical microscopy
Cuvinte cheie: flori presate, oshibana, microscopie optică
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25-16 GALILEO GALILEI – PĂRINTELE ŞTIINŢEI MODERNE Partea a II-a

GALILEO GALILEI – LE PERE DE LA SCIENCE MODERNE
Partie II de la
Cet article présente, à partir de la riche bibliographie disponible, un
exposé synthétique de la vie et de l’activité du génial savant Galileo di
Vincenzo Bonaiuti de Galilei – professeur de Mathématiques, Mécanique et
Astronomie aux universités de Pise et de Padoue, sixième membre de
l’Académie des Lynx de Rome (en 1611).
Son extraordinaire habileté à faire des expériences, suite auxquelles il
tirait les conclusions qui s’imposaient, l’a conduit à la réalisation d’un « compas
géométrique et militaire » (ancêtre de la règle de calcul), d’un thermomètre, de
la balance hydrostatique et, surtout, de la lunette astronomique. Orienté vers le
ciel, le télescope lui a dévoilé l’unité matérielle du monde, faisant de lui un
adepte du système héliocentrique, en contradiction avec le système
géocentrique fondé sur le concept philosophique aristotélicien-ptolémaïque,
adopté aussi par l’Eglise catholique, avec laquelle il est entré en conflit.
Suite au procès intenté par le Saint Office, il a été trouvé coupable
« véhément suspect d’hérésie » et obligé d’abjurer, étant condamné à l’arrêt à
domicile. Pendant la période suivante, passée dans sa villa d’Arcetri (près de
Florence), Galilei a consacré son temps à écrire un dernier ouvrage, un des
plus importants : « Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche intorno à due nuove
scienze », qui traitait d’un point de vue mathématique les lois du mouvement et
du frottement, jetant les bases de la dynamique moderne, créant les
fondements de la Mécanique et visant à jeter les bases de la Résistance des
Matériaux. Il est considéré comme « le père de la Physique moderne », et
Albert Einstein l’a appelé « le père de la science moderne » !
85
Mots clés: Mathématiques, Mécanique, Astronomie, Résistance des
Matériaux, lunette, géocentrique, héliocentrique, Inquisition, condamnation,
réhabilitation, hommage
Cuvinte cheie: matematică, mecanică, astronomie, rezistenţa
materialelor, ochelari de soare, geocentrice, heliocentrismul, Inchiziţia,
condamnarea, reabilitare, tribut
Descarcare text


25-15 GALILEO GALILEI – PĂRINTELE ŞTIINŢEI MODERNE Partea I-a

GALILEO GALILEI – LE PERE DE LA SCIENCE MODERNE
Partie I-la
Cet article présente, à partir de la riche bibliographie disponible, un
exposé synthétique de la vie et de l’activité du génial savant Galileo di
Vincenzo Bonaiuti de Galilei – professeur de Mathématiques, Mécanique et
Astronomie aux universités de Pise et de Padoue, sixième membre de
l’Académie des Lynx de Rome (en 1611).
Son extraordinaire habileté à faire des expériences, suite auxquelles il
tirait les conclusions qui s’imposaient, l’a conduit à la réalisation d’un « compas
géométrique et militaire » (ancêtre de la règle de calcul), d’un thermomètre, de
la balance hydrostatique et, surtout, de la lunette astronomique. Orienté vers le
ciel, le télescope lui a dévoilé l’unité matérielle du monde, faisant de lui un
adepte du système héliocentrique, en contradiction avec le système
géocentrique fondé sur le concept philosophique aristotélicien-ptolémaïque,
adopté aussi par l’Eglise catholique, avec laquelle il est entré en conflit.
Suite au procès intenté par le Saint Office, il a été trouvé coupable
« véhément suspect d’hérésie » et obligé d’abjurer, étant condamné à l’arrêt à
domicile. Pendant la période suivante, passée dans sa villa d’Arcetri (près de
Florence), Galilei a consacré son temps à écrire un dernier ouvrage, un des
plus importants : « Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche intorno à due nuove
scienze », qui traitait d’un point de vue mathématique les lois du mouvement et
du frottement, jetant les bases de la dynamique moderne, créant les
fondements de la Mécanique et visant à jeter les bases de la Résistance des
Matériaux. Il est considéré comme « le père de la Physique moderne », et
Albert Einstein l’a appelé « le père de la science moderne » !
75
Mots clés: Mathématiques, Mécanique, Astronomie, Résistance des
Matériaux, lunette, géocentrique, héliocentrique, Inquisition, condamnation,
réhabilitation, hommage
Cuvinte cheie: matematică, mecanică, astronomie, rezistenţa
materialelor, ochelari de soare, geocentrice, heliocentrismul, Inchiziţia,
condamnarea, reabilitare, tribut
Descarcare text


25-14 IMPORTANŢA STRATEGICĂ A EDUCAŢIEI ÎN DOMENIUL STANDARDIZĂRII

STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION
IN THE FIELD OF STANDARDIZATION
With all that standardizing is a key proponent of open markets, free
trade and global interoperability, the benefits of standardization are not well
enough known to the interested parties (companies, public authorities,
consumers), mainly due to the fact that standardisation is not sufficiently
integrated in the educational programs. The paper analyses the strategic
importance of education in the field of standardization, which proposed
measures accordingly.
Keywords: standards, benefits, educational programme, the strategic
importance of standardization in the field of education, measures
Cuvinte cheie: standardizare, beneficii, programe educaționale,
importanţa strategică a educaţiei în domeniul standardizării, măsuri
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25-13 ROLUL GUVERNULUI ÎN STANDARDIZARE

THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE GOVERNMENT IN
STANDARDIZATION
Standardization is a form of self-regulation. Stakeholders agree on
solutions (usually of technical nature) that will enable them to set a level-playing
field for an efficient competition. By recognizing standardization, Government is
both a user and a leader in standardisation work. Public institutions are users of
standards in their capacity of purchasers of products, services and works, but
also leaders in having standards support the implementation of their public
policies. As users, public institutions have all the interest that standards are
elaborated within a framework capable of ensuring the inclusion of all the
elements in the system. As such, Government must be a leader in terms of
assuring the main features that legitimate the system, namely: widest possible
representation of the participants, efficient consultation structures, balanced
representation of interests and compliance with an approved methodology.
Keywords: Standardization, Government user and leader, legitimacy
of the system
Cuvinte cheie: standardizare, guvern utilizator şi lider, legitimitate a
sistemului
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25-12 CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND UNII TERMENI UTILIZAŢI ÎN TEHNOLOGIE

CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING SOME USED
TERMS IN TECHNOLOGY
The technological development determines important social and
economic changes in the world. There are indispensable debates concerning
the specific terms. Many of them must deal with computing aided design which
needs an appropriate form and specific format. New expressions appear, as:
high tech, low tech, appropriate technology and many others.
Keywords: technology, high-tech, low-tech, appropriate technology
Cuvinte cheie: tehnologie, high- tech, low- tech, tehnologie adecvată
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25-11 PROCEDURA APLICABILĂ DEFICITELOR EXCESIVE ÎN UNIUNEA EUROPEANĂ

EXCESSIVE DEFICIT PROCEDURE
IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
A balanced public financial system is the key to a flourishing country.
The following paper presents the Excessive Deficit Procedure initiated by
European Union bodies with the aim of correcting the non-compliance of
Member States in what concerns the thresholds regarding general budget
deficit and public debt. The first part of the paper offers a short analysis of the
general budget deficit in European Union while the second part focuses on
legal aspects of Excessive Deficit Procedure and its requirements. In the end,
the Excessive Deficit Procedure in Ireland, Great Britain and Greece is
described for a better understanding of the concept implementation and its
implications.
Keywords: Excessive Deficit Procedure, public debt, the European
Union
Cuvinte cheie: Deficit bugetar excesiv, datorie publică, Uniunea
Europeană
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25-10 MARGINALII LA EXPERTIZA TEHNICĂ A PRIVATIZĂRII ROMTELECOM

MARGINALIA TECHNICAL EXPERTISE
PRIVATIZATION OF ROMTELECOM
It shows in the synthesis, the controversial, questionable, illegal and
unscrupulous business of Romtelecom, started in 1997, in the manner of a
technical-legal expertise with all past and present implications of so called
privatization, under the aegis of key dignitaries. We highlight some major issues
directly related to the famous and still insufficiently known case of public
notoriety, whose echoes reverberate in late 2014, with the reference scientific
studies together in a volume entitled nostalgic „Lost Network – Business
ROMTELECOM”, vol. I prepared meticulously, until 2005, the scholar of a
founding member of the first Parliament of Romania in 1990, the President of
the Commission for investigation of abuse, Corruption and Complaints of the
Chamber of Deputies (2000-2004), Prof. Dr. Radu Ciuceanu.
Keywords: called privatization, lost network, business Romtelecom,
Chamber of Deputies, R.A, called privatization, corruption, telecomunications,
OTE, OTEROM, network communications
Cuvinte cheie: reţeaua pierdută, reţeaua de telecomunicaţii, Ministerul
Comunicaţiilor, electrocomunicaţii, comunicaţii digitalizate, reţea de fibră optică,
Romtelecom, OTE, OTEROM, privatizare, linii fizice de transmisiuni, căii de
comunicaţii, R.A.
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25-9 CONSIDERAȚII PRIVIND PUBLICAREA UNOR ARTICOLE ȘTIINȚIFICE

CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING PUBLICATION OF
SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES
In this paper, the authors are making some considerations regarding
the journals classification, different types of papers, general structure of the
articles and publishing procedures.
Keywords: scientific article, journals, indexing, articles structure
Cuvinte cheie: articol științific, reviste, indexare, structura articolelor
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25-8 O IMPRESIONANTĂ LUCRARE INGINEREASCĂ. TUNELUL FEROVIAR SAINT GOTHARD – ELVEŢIA

AN IMPRESSIVE ENGINEERING WORK.
SAINT GOTHARD RAIL TUNNEL – SWITZERLAND
In the last 25 years, the segment between Lugano and Zurich, the
traffic of trucks has increased 12 times. For the purpose of streamlining
transport and for the expansion of the Swiss rail network, because each year
through the tunnel will pass 6 million passengers and 50 million tons of cargo,
after 10 years of studies and 15 years of construction, materialized construction
of Saint-Gothard tunnel.
What is Saint Gothard?
1. Mountain range in the Alps Lepontine (Switzerland, max. 3,192 m),
consisting of crystalline, Granites South and streets. 2. Pass from long, 26 km,
located at 2,108 m altitude, on the border with Switzerland and Italy, which
provide the link between the two countries in the area of Reuss and Ticino
valleys. 3. Rail Tunnel, located 1,154 m high, built in the years 1872-1882,
between the villages of Airolo (Italy) and Andermatt (Switzerland), assigned for
a distance of 15 km from the Saint-Gothard. 4. Road tunnel, 16.3 km long,
opened to traffic in 1980, ensuring links between the settlements of Airolo (Italy)
and Andermatt (Switzerland). 5. The longest rail tunnel in the world, which
should enter into service in the year 2017, the core piece of the expansion of
the Swiss rail network.
Keywords: mountain range, passing the railway tunnel, the transalpine
road tunnel, the Swiss rail network expansion
Cuvinte cheie: masiv muntos, trecătoare transalpină, tunel feroviar,
tunel rutier, extindere rețea feroviară elvețiană
25-8


25-7 LUCIAN BLAGA ŞI TAINA CUVÂNTULUI

LUCIAN BLAGA ET LES MOTS SOUS LE SIGNE
DU MYSTÈRE
Le présent essai concernant la poétique de Lucian Blaga porte sur
quelques textes en mesure de révéler une sorte d’unité explosive dans
l’univers des thèmes, motifs, vision d’écrivain moderniste roumain, capable à
découvrir dans ce qui est national l’ouverture vers l’universel. Les traits
particulièrement roumains observés à l’intérieur des mythes autochtones
portent en eux-mêmes le germe de l’universel. Blaga découvre cela dans la
quête des mots symboliques et fondamentaux, quête fiévreuse, tendue, dans le
sommeil et la rêverie, dans l’exaltation ou bien en vertu de son intuition. Entre
le poète visionnaire et le mot s’installe le mystère, ambiance propice pour tout
artiste affirmant une conscience moderne.
Mots-clés: vision moderniste, mythes autochtones, mythe du sacrifice,
mère, néant, Dieu, Création
Cuvinte cheie: viziuni moderniste, mituri autohtone, mituri de
sacrificiu, mamă, neant, Dumnezeu, Creaţia
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25-6 O DEZVOLTARE ARMONIOASĂ A ŢĂRII

A HARMONIOUS DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY
Inventions can sustain civilization and can make countries thrive too.
To thrive and grow harmoniously, the country needs to discover and highlight
the talented and to achieve a lot of international inventions. They must be used
first in the country, to gain them credibility and then, to optimally exploit this
through massive export of patented goods.
Keywords: harmonious development, objective, ideal, patent
Cuvinte cheie: dezvoltare armonioasă, obiectiv, ideal, brevet
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25-5 O NOUĂ REVOLUȚIE INDUSTRIALĂ. PROVOCĂRI CARE IMPUN SCHIMBĂRI

A NEW INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.
CHALLENGES THAT REQUIRE CHANGES
The defining features of the new industrial society and views of some
exegetes are approached. Both the common and the contradictories views look
upon energy resources, concepts of employment, remuneration and training. The
encounter of ideas, that acquire increasingly wide and deep expansion into the
world of science and technology, is a valuable source of inspiration for the new
Romanian public policy concerning changes and the need of timing.
Keywords: the new industrial society, energy resources, training,
public policy
Cuvinte cheie: noua societate industrială, resurse energetice, pregătire
profesională, politici publice
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25-3 DESPRE PROIECTUL HIDROCENTRALEI TARNIŢA-LĂPUŞTEŞTI

AMBASADORUL CHINEI DECLARĂ CĂ SE FAC
STUDII PENTRU DEMARAREA PROIECTULUI
HIDROCENTRALEI DE LA TARNIŢA

Ambasadorul Republicii Populare Chineze în România, doamna
Yuzhen Huo, a declarat vineri (24 ianuarie 2014), referitor la
realizarea proiectului hidrocentralei de la Tarniţa-Lăpuşteşti, că în
prezent se fac studii pentru ca investiţia să demareze cât mai
curând.
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25-2 ÎN MEMORIA PROFESORULUI DORIN PAVEL

IN MEMORY OF PROFESSOR DORIN PAVEL PAUL
Engineer Mircea PRELIPCEAN, he studied with acad. Prof. ing. Dorin
Pavel hydraulic machines Department of Faculty of mechanics. As a sign of
homage and respectfully, gives some experienced stories near the teacher.
The message conveyed is that intelligence, preparation and honest work of
those trained at the Romanian school represents hope for correction to a
society of welfare and dignity, as he would have wished the Romanian Grand
patriot hydroenergetic Dorin Pavel.
Keywords: student of Professor Dorin Pavel, in addition to Professor
importants events, hopes for the future
Cuvinte cheie: studentul profesorului Dorin Pavel, întâmplări trăite
lângă profesor, speranțe de viitor
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25-1 DORIN PAVEL 2014

Cu deosebită plăcere și onoare, adresez un cuvânt de “Bun
venit” tuturor participanților la ediția a XIV-a A Conferinței internaționale
multidisciplinare, “Profesorul Dorin Pavel – fondatorul hidroenergeticii
româneşti” – Sebeş 2014.
Acest eveniment de tradiție la Sebeș, ne bucură în fiecare
an și ne oferă prilejul de a cunoaște și aplica ultimele cercetări din
domeniul tehnic, al hidroenergeticii, a celor dedicați acestei științe
și cărora le oferim respectul nostru necondiționat.
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