Arhivă revistă


34-50 ANALIZA ȘI ÎMBUNĂTĂȚIREA ACTIVITĂȚILOR DESFĂȘURATE ÎNTR-UN DEPOZIT – STUDIU DE CAZ INDUSTRIA AUTOMOTIVE

ANALYSIS AND IMPROVING ACTIVITIES CARRIED IN A WHAREHOUSE – A CASE STUDY IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
At present, logistics and warehouse management are some of the most important branches in the production environments.On the one hand, they must ensure that all the components required in the production process are available in stock in JIT system and, on the other hand, that the cost of storage capacity should be reduced to a minimum. This paper aims to analyze and improve activity of a warehouse in a multinational automotive company.
Key words: analysis and improving activities, wharehouse management
Cuvinte cheie: analiza și îmbunătățirea activităților, managementul depozitelor

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34-49 COMPONENTE INTELIGENTE PENTRU TRANSMITE-REA INDEXULUI APOMETRELOR LA DISTANŢĂ

INTELLIGENT COMPONENTS FOR TRANSMITTING BY DIS-TANCE THE APOMETER INDEX
This article, describe a project based on the usual water meters used by homeowners to read the index contour by distance. Inkasent software allows us to create a database of water meters containing data collector routes. Ar-duino Pro Mini is responsible for interpreting the signals emitted by the magnet-ic sensor, converting them into numerical values, saving values in memory and transmitting them to the Bluetooth block. Also, Arduino Pro Mini is concretized in a development around the AT Mega 328P microcontroller platform.
Keywords: water-gage design, Inkasent software, Arduino, AT Mega 328/P
Cuvinte cheie: apometru, program Inkasent, Arduino, AT Mega 328/P

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34-48 CERTIFICAREA ENERGETICĂ A CLĂDIRII INSTITUŢIEI PUBLICE – CENTRUL DE EXCELENŢĂ ÎN CONSTRUCŢII DIN MUNICIPIUL CHIŞINĂU, REPUBLICA MOLDOVA

ENERGY CERTIFICATION OF THE BUILDING OF THE PUBLICINSTITUTION THE CENTER OF EXCELLENCE IN
CONSTRUCTION FROM CHISINAU, REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
The paper includes the results of case study on energy certification of an social and cultural institution, the concrete of adCenter of excellence in construction, with implementation of measures to rehabilitate the building’s energy situation.
Keywords: energy, energy expertise, thermal energy, electricity, energy conservation, energy certificate
Cuvinte cheie: energie, expertiză energetică, energie termică, energie electrică, conservare a energiei, certificat energetic

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34-47 SISTEME EFICIENTE DE ÎNCĂLZIRE PRIN RADIAŢIE DE JOASĂ TEMPERATURĂ

LOW-TEMPERATURE RADIATION EFFECTIVE
HEATING SISTEMS
In the paper there are presented the results of the case studies on the thermal stability of office type functional rooms, carried out in the climatic conditions of the Republic of Moldova, for the winter and transition period, on heating them by low temperature under floor heating systems, managed from a technical point of view through intelligent automation systems.
Keywords: energy, comfort, heating, thermal component activation, capillary tubes, effectiveness
Cuvinte cheie: energie, confort, încălzire, temperare, tuburi capilare, eficienţă

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34-46 ANSAMBLUL FACTORILOR CARE POT INFLUENŢA DESFĂŞURAREA UNEI ACTIVITĂŢI, PE ŞANTIERELE DE CONSTRUCŢII

ASSEMBLY FACTORS WHICH MAY INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ACTIVITY, ON BUILDING TREATMENTS
Construction activity is a complex activity, in its development being involved numerous factors. These factors are involved in the smooth development of the production, transport and commissioning processes of materials and they influence in a greater or lesser extent the proper conduct of the work on the site. Each of the components of the production, transport, assembly and dismantling process of the component elements influences the quality of the work and the period of time to achieve the target.
Keywords: concrete pouring, construction object, building materials
Cuvinte cheie: turnarea betonului, obiect de construcție, materiale de construcție

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34-45 VIZUALIZARE SECVENȚIALĂ A PROCESULUI DE FORMARE A DOPULUI DE GHEAȚĂ ÎN SECȚIUNEA DE TESTARE A UNEI CONDUCTE DE DIAMETRU MARE Partea a II-a

SEQUENTIAL VISUALISATION OF THE ICE PLUG DEVELOPPMENT PROCESS INSIDE THE TEST SECTION OF A LARGE DIAMETER PIPE – II
The technique of forming controlled ice plugs in pipe-line installations in order to isolate a section from the rest of the circuit is used for carrying out circuit maintenance or repair activities without shutting down the entire installation. Planning an intervention requires an estimation regarding the necessary time and quantity of liquid nitrogen to form an ice plug inside the pipe. They (along with the geometrical characteristics of the ice plug) depend on a series of specific factors. Using a video equipment to visualise the ice plug formation provides useful information useful process information regarding the ice layer deposition which can be used to develop calculus estimation for the required quantity of liquid nitrogen, for the process duration, and on a long term, to improve the freezing device configuration.
The paper then describes the convenience of visualizing the formation of ice plugs by studying the formation of the ice layers on the pipe inner wall.
Key words: isolating a pipe-line section, visualizing the forming of ice layers
Cuvinte cheie: izolarea unui tronson de conductă, vizualizarea depunerii de gheaţă

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34-44 VIZUALIZARE SECVENȚIALĂ A PROCESULUI DE FORMARE A DOPULUI DE GHEAȚĂ ÎN SECȚIUNEA DE TESTARE A UNEI CONDUCTE DE DIAMETRU MARE Partea I-a

SEQUENTIAL VISUALISATION OF THE ICE PLUG DEVELOPPMENT PROCESS INSIDE THE TEST SECTION OF A LARGE DIAMETER PIPE – I
The technique of forming controlled ice plugs in pipe-line installations in order to isolate a section from the rest of the circuit is used for carrying out circuit maintenance or repair activities without shutting down the entire installation. Planning an intervention requires an estimation regarding the necessary time and quantity of liquid nitrogen to form an ice plug inside the pipe. They (along with the geometrical characteristics of the ice plug) depend on a series of specific factors. Using a video equipment to visualise the ice plug formation provides useful information useful process information regarding the ice layer deposition which can be used to develop a calculus estimation for the required quantity of liquid nitrogen, for the process duration, and on a long term, to improve the freezing device configuration.
The paper then describes the convenience of visualizing the formation of ice plugs by studying the formation of the ice layers on the pipe inner wall.
Key words: isolating a pipe-line section, visualizing the forming of ice layers
Cuvinte cheie: izolarea unui tronson de conductă, vizualizarea depunerii de gheaţă

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34-43 PROIECTAREA ȘI CONTROLUL UNUI ROBOT MOBIL DE EXPLORARE, FOLOSIND REALITATEA VIRTUALĂ CA MEDIU DE SIMULARE

DESIGN AND CONTROL OF A MOBILE ROBOT OF EXPLORATION, USING VIRTUAL REALITY AS
A SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT
The scientific paper summarizes an experimental work which is about at creating a virtual reality application for a mobile exploration robot, using Unity 5 program for virtual reality (VR) environment. The task of the mobile exploration robot is collecting samples on the surface of a ground, and these samples are then placed in an enclosure with the help of a robotic arm, the robot being controlled by a joystick.
Keywords: mobile robot, VR, Unity 5, robotic arm
Cuvinte cheie: robot mobil, RV, Unity 5, braț robotic

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34-42 PROIECTAREA PIESELOR COMPLEXE UTILIZÂND MAŞINII CU COMANDĂ NUMERICĂ

PROCESSING OF THE COMPLEX PIECES USING THE COMMAND MACHINES-TOOLS
The information of this paper is role to inform us about use and development of the competences, regarding the control machines-tool. The using of commands the machine-tools offer a new perspective about the pieces processing, a new level of the theoretical knowledge’s, personal responsibility, and the coordinator function and supervisor.
Key words: control of machine tools, pieces processing
Cuvinte cheie: controlul maşinii-unelte, proiectarea pieselor

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34-41 BRAZAREA AlMn1/Ni 201 PLACAT CU Ag45CuZnSn

BRAZING OF AlMn1/Ni 201 CLADDED WITH Ag45CuZnSn
Brazing aluminium to nickel plates it is a very sensible process being influenced by physical brazing parameters, brazing devices, but also by type of materials used. Brazing process was carried out in a horizontally furnace under a controlled nitrogen atmosphere containing several enclosures. They were used two dissimilar base metals (an aluminium alloy and pure nickel) and the filler metal was the Ag45CuZnSn clad of the nickel base metal; this type of filler metal led to a brazed joint with percentages of defects below 6%, due to its very good adhesion to both the brazable surfaces of the base metals involved.
Keywords: brazing, Al-Ni
Cuvinte cheie: brazare, Al-Ni

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34-40 PRODUCEREA BILELOR MICI

MAKING SMALL SPHERES
The mill for the production of small balls, of hard and semi hard material contains as a main part a ring covered with the abrasive material (glued) on the abrasion surface. The ring has the vertical axis. The abrasive surface is made by gluing with glue that softens by heating. The moving of spherical material is made with compressed air, rotating in the grinding space, motion imprinted on the diffuser air. Compressed air comes through the center of the mill through a circuit with minimal aerodynamic resistances. Air pressure: 1 – 2 bar. Ball size: 1 mm. The grinding space has a 7 (horizontal) x 6 (vertical) mm section with an (average) length of 162 mm. The used raw material has cubic shape with a 30 % greater edge than the ball diameter.
Keywords: small spheres, technology, hard and half hard materials
Cuvinte cheie: sfere mici, tehnologie, materiale dure și semidure

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34-39 TEHNOLOGII PRIN ELECTREROZIUNE CU ELECTROD TUBULAR ȘI FILIFORM PE MUCN (II)

DESIGN OF EDM TECHNOLOGIES WITH TUBULAR AND PHILIFORM ELECTROD ON MTNC (II) This paper deals with the technology of making holes drilled with Ø8 H7 and cutting a contour from a piece with a filiform (or wire) electrode on the MUCN. The first part explains the EDM principle and presents the advantages of using the method. In the second part there is presented the manner of realization of the above-mentioned processes, as well as the drilling of solid metal tube electrodes. It also describes the operating principle (by EDM) of a wire-processing machine tool with numerical control.

Keywords: EDM – Electrical Discharge, dielectric, GAP – interstice, scintillation, Dielectric flow, Implosion of the plasma bubble, wire-cutting, die sinking Cuvinte cheie: EDM – descărcare electrică, dielectric, GAP – interstițiu, scintilație, curgere dielectrică, implantarea balonului cu plasmă, tăierea sârmei, scufundarea matriței

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34-38 TEHNOLOGII PRIN ELECTREROZIUNE CU ELECTROD TUBULAR ȘI FILIFORM PE MUCN (I)

TECHNOLOGIES WITH BY TUBULAR AND
PHILIFORM ELECTROD ON MTNC (I) This paper deals with the technology of making holes drilled with Ø8 H7 and cutting a contour from a piece with a filiform (or wire) electrode on the MUCN. The first part explains the EDM principle and presents the advantages of using the method. In the second part there is presented the manner of realization of the above-mentioned processes, as well as the drilling of solid metal tube electrodes. It also describes the operating principle (by EDM) of a wire-processing machine tool with numerical control. Keywords: EDM – Electrical Discharge, dielectric, GAP – interstice, scintillation, Dielectric flow, Implosion of the plasma bubble, wire-cutting, die sinking Cuvinte cheie: EDM – descărcare electrică, dielectric, GAP – interstițiu, scintilație, curgere dielectrică, implantarea balonului cu plasmă, tăierea sârmei, scufundarea matriței

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34-37 PROCES PROPUS PENTRU SINTERIZAREA COMBINATĂ A PULBERILOR METALICE

PROCESS PROPOSED FOR COMBINED SINTERIZATION OF METAL POWDERS
Starting from the analysis of two modern sintering methods for metallic powders, respectively sintering in the mold and electro sintering, and knowing the technological possibilities of lamps discharged in gas, with high intensity, in the present paper the author proposes a new sintering process combining electro sintering with the action of optical radiation impulses emitted by lamps discharged in gas. The recommended electro technical regime and scheme of the experimental plant are described in detail in the article.
Keywords: metallic powders, electro sintering, sintering in the mold, optical radiation pulses, gas discharge lamps, hardening surface
Cuvinte cheie: pulberi metalice, electro sinterizare, sinterizare în matriță, impulsuri de radiație optică, lămpi cu descărcare în gaz, suprafață de întărire

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34-36 MODELAREA MATEMATICĂ A REZISTENȚELOR MEDII DE RUPERE LA TRACȚIUNE A ÎMBINĂRILOR SUDATE DIN OȚELURI SLAB ALIATE ÎN FUNCȚIE DE REZISTENȚELE DE RUPERE LA TRACȚIUNE A MATERIALELOR DE BAZĂ

MATHEMATICAL MODELLING MEAN RESISTANCES TENSILE STEEL WELDED JOINTS BY RESISTANCE LOW ALLOY TENSILE BASIC MATERIALS
In the paper are elaborated the mathematical models of two types of low alloy steels used for the construction of fluids for the transport of fluids. The experimental study was conducted on two types of low alloyed steels: steel 13CrMo4-5 and 16Mo3. The correlation between the average tensile breaking strengths of the welded joints (untreated or heat treated by stress) by means of the processes 111, 141 and 511, as well as the breaking strength of the base materials (13CrMo4-5 and 16Mo3) according to the linear energy used for welding.
Keywords: low alloy steels, model, the average tensile breaking strengths
Cuvinte cheie: oțeluri slab aliate, model, rezistențe medii de rupere la tracțiune

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34-35 MODELAREA FENOMENELOR VIBRATORII LA SOLICITĂRI DINAMICE DE CONTACT ÎN RULMENŢII RADIALI

THE FLATTENING OF THE SPIRAL CASING SHELLS USING THE SOLIDWORKS SHEET METAL MODULE
The vibratory phenomena of bearings even appear even their surfaces are perfect. These vibrations are caused by the rotation of a finite number of rollers required between the two rings. Obviously, depending on the processing conditions, certain irregularities may occur. These irregularities lead to a series deviations from the normal contact between the rollers and the bearing rings. Two models of radial vibration: oval and triangular were studied.
Keywords: radial vibration, undulation, imperfections, stiffness
Cuvinte cheie: vibraţie radială, ondulaţie, imperfecţiuni, rigiditate

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34-34 INFLEUNȚA FRECVENȚELOR PROPRII ASUPRA GRINZILOR PLANE CU ZĂBRELE

INFLUENCE OF OWN FREQUENCIES
ON THE PLANE TRUSSES
In the paper is presented the way in which the own frequencies influence the good functioning of the plane trusses. The four types of trusses: Howe, Pratt, Warren with and without vertical beams were built and modeled with finite elements using the SolidWorks program. The experimental analysis was carried out on the particular stand developed for this kind of trusses. For the acquisition and processing of data, I use Kistler accelerometers and the LabVIEW program.
Keywords: truss, parallel soles, vibration, vertical beam
Cuvinte cheie: grindă cu zăbrele, tălpi paralele, vibrație, montant

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34-33 REZULTATE EXPERIMENTALE OBȚINUTE PRIN APLICAREA METODEI GRAFICE PENTRU OPTIMIZAREA ÎNVELITORII CILINDRU-SFERĂ SUB PRESIUNE INTERNĂ

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ACQUIRING THROUGH APPLING A GRAPHICAL METHOD FOR OPTIMIZATION OF SPHERE-CYLINDER SHELL UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE
Paper presents the analysis results of the stress state for the optimized through the graphical method of sphere-cylinder shell proposed by Dora Florea in the paper [1].The optimized contour with the programme SPLINE29 was enforce the achievement for the von Mises equivalents stress value of 17.8 MPa as analyzed by NASTRAN V.4.0 [3] programme. The profile presents a variation of the equivalents von Mises stress in the interval 15.18 MPa and 18.55 MPa. The maxim variation relative of the imposed stress for the optimization is 0.76 MPa with plus and 2.62 MPa with minus. In a critical point the variation of stress is 1.74 MPa.
Lucrarea prezintă rezultatele analizei stării de tensiuni pentru optimizarea unei ȋnvelitori sferă-cilindru prin metoda grafică de optimizare propusă ȋn lucrarea 1 de către Dora Florea. Conturul s-a optimizat cu impunerea de a se obține valoarea de 17,8 MPa pentru tensiunea echivalentă von Mises pe ȋntreg profilul. Profilul obținut prin rularea programului SPLINE29 a fost supus analizei stării de tensiuni cu programul de elemente finite NASTRAN V4.0 [3], abaterea maximă față de tensiunea impusă pentru optimizare fiind de 0,76 MPa cu plus de tensiune, respectiv 2,62 MPa cu minus de tensiune, variația în punctul critic fiind de 1,74 MPa pe învelitoarea cilindrică.
Keywords: Graphics of Echivalente von Mises stress, sphere-cylinder, internal pressure, spline function, NASTRAN V4.0, programme SPLINE29
Cuvinte cheie: grafică tensiuni echivalente von Mises, sferă-cilindru, presiune internă, funcție spline, NASTRAN V4.0, program SPLINE29

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34-32 DESPRE O METODĂ GRAFICĂ DE DETERMINARE A CONTURULUI OPTIM PENTRU ÎNVELITOAREA CILINDRU-SFERĂ SUB PRESIUNE INTERNĂ

ABOUT A GRAPHICAL METHOD OF OPTIM CONTOUR DETERMINATION FOR THE SPHERE-CYLINDER
SHELL UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE
The study of the analytical method for determination an optim contour for the vessels sphere-cylinder under internal pressure [1] with the achievement a uniform state of the stress, regarding the stress state from vessel, it considered the analytic equations for the stress state in the shell.
Present study propose to solve the same problem but used the graphics of equivalents Von Mises stress used the approximation method of the graphics through the spline functions.
Studiul metodei analitice de determinare a unui contur optim pentru invelitoarea cilindru-sferă sub presiune internă [1] cu scopul obținerii unei stări de tensiuni uniforme, privitor la starea de tensiuni din recipient, consideră ecuațiile analitice pentru starea de tensiuni în învelitoare.
Prezentul studiu propune rezolvarea problemei utilizând graficele tensiunilor echivalente von Mises utilizând metoda de aproximare a graficelor prin funcții spline.
Keywords: Graphics of Echivalente von Mises stress, sphere-cylinder, internal pressure, spline functions
Cuvinte cheie: grafica stresului echivalente von Mises, sferă-cilindru, presiune internă, funcții spline

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34-31 CERCETĂRI PRIVIND VARIANTE CONSTRUCTIVE LA O MASĂ VIBRANTĂ DE MARI DIMENSIUNI ŞI CALCULAREA GENERĂRII VIBRAŢIILOR LA GENERATOARELE DE VIBRAŢII CARE O ECHIPEAZĂ

RESEARCH REGARDING THE CONSTRUCTIVE VARIANTS FOR A BIGGER DIMENSIONS VIBRANT TABLE AND THE VIBRATION CALCULATION OF VIBRATION GENERATORS THAT ARE INCLUSED IN IT
The news information of the paper consists in designing and analyzing a wide vibrating table, analyzing the calculation that leads to the need for the number of vibration generators for this.
Keywords: vibrating table, vibration generators
Cuvinte cheie: masă vibrantă, generatori de vibraţii

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34-30 UNELE PARTICULARITĂŢI PRIVIND MIȘCAREA CORPURILOR DE REVOLUȚIE SUBȚIRI PE TRAIECTORIA DE ZBOR, ÎN PREZENȚA UNDEI DE ȘOC CONICE

SOME PARTICULARITIES CONCERNING THE MOTION OF BODIES OF REVOLUTION’S FLIGHT TRAJECTORY
THIN, CONICAL SHOCK WAVE
The paper presents a contribution to the aerodynamic body of revolution movement trajectories in the thin atmosphere. As a particular case, the paper refers to flying projectiles and missiles, to customize linarite stationary movements around thin bodies of revolution.
Keywords: projectile, missile, speed potential, Mach number, angle of attack, conical shock wave
Cuvinte cheie: proiectil, rachetă, potenţialul vitezelor, numărul Mach, unghi de atac, undă de șoc conică

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34-29 MENTENANȚA SISTEMELOR DE ACȚIONARE HIDRAULICĂ PRIN DIAGNOZĂ VIBROACUSTICĂ

MAINTENANCE OF HYDRAULIC DRIVE SYSTEMS VIA VIBROACOUSTIC DIAGNOSIS
The aim of the article is to presents some of the experimental results regarding the noise and vibration levels of different types of hydrostatic equipment’s in working. Vibration diagrams and acoustic spectra are measured in order to obtain a functional database of well-functioning diagrams so that to be compare with the diagram of malfunctioning hydrostatic equipment. The goal is to have a maintenance instrument in hydraulic drive systems diagnosis.
Keywords: vibroacoustic diagnosis, maintenance, hydraulic drives, reference model
Cuvinte cheie: diagnoză vibroacustică, mentenanță predictivă, mentenanță preventivă, acționare hidraulică, model de referință

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34-28 NOI DIRECȚII DE DEZVOLTARE A SISTEMELOR PNEUMATICE DE ACȚIONARE ȘI CONTROL

NEW TRENDS IN SERVO-PNEUMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
The paper presents trends in the development of pneumatic equipment emphasizing the need to adapt them to the requirements of complex automation systems in the new era of industrial development 4.0 (IIoT).
Keywords: servo-pneumatic drives, control system, industrial development
Cuvinte cheie acționări servo-pneumatice, sisteme de control, dezvoltare industrială

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34-27 PIERDERILE DE PUTERE ÎN INSTALAȚIILE HIDRAULICE LA REGLAREA VITEZELOR

THE POWER LOSSES IN SPEED ADJUSTMENT
OF HYDROSTATIC DRIVES
This paper aims to highlight how aparticular hydraulic configuration can influence power losses in a hydraulic drive scheme. From this point of view, hydraulic schemes of hydraulic linear cilinders are discussed.
Key words: design, hydraulic system, power losses, control speed
Cuvinte cheie: proiectare, sistem hidraulic, pierderi de putere, controlul vitezei

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34-25 REPARTIŢIA OPTIMĂ A PUTERII ÎNTRE HIDROAGREGATELE UNEI CENTRALE HIDROELECTRICE

OPTIMAL POWER REPARTITION BETWEEN UNITS OF A HYDRO POWER PLANT
The paper presents a methodology for the operation of those hydro power plants provided with more penstocks and more units by the optimal distribution of the dispatched power among its available generating units, aiming at the maximum efficiency of the completely hydro power plant energy conversion. Considering the unit operating characteristics as unequal at different head levels, the authors propose a modern program of optimal distribution of power between the units of a hydro power plant to take into account the real characteristics and real head for each unit to define the actual performance specifications. Further, this information can be utilized in the optimization process to minimize water expenditure at hydropower plant.
Keywords: hydro power plant, hydro unit, efficiency, hydraulic turbine, optimal load distribution
Cuvinte cheie: centrală hidroelectrică, hidroagregat, randament, turbina hidraulică, distribuţia optima a încărcării

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34-24 ASUPRA IMPORTANȚEI UNUI CRITERIU DE PROIECTARE A AMENAJĂRILOR HIDROENERGETICE

THE IMPORTANCE OF A DESIGN CRITERION
OF HYDROENERGY FACILITIES
The paper analyses the problem of the historical data on the periods of drought as a criterion of commercial contracts establishment, in accord with the hydropower design considerations. Even the insured flows statistics represents an major criterion of the plants design, the commercial contracts are established between economic entities, usually, having in their property more than one hydropower plant and of different capabilities, then the influence of the criterion requires a more subtle and complex analysis. The hydrological natural conditions require an operating graph for each hydroelectric plant. For some plants, the operation graph is corrected by the National Energy Dispatcher, in accord to the momentary energy market balancing requirements. The main owner of hydropower plants in Romania is the national company Hidroelectrica S.A. Its hydropower plants have different characteristics, depending on the installed power, geographic location, storage capacity and appurtenance to the list of plants for which the National Power Dispatcher has pre-emption. In this condition, the company has a range of flexibility, compared to other providers of electrical energy from hydraulic source. However, the restrictions imposed by the national dispatcher are severe enough in some dry periods, so the company has significant supply constraints. The paper analyses a practical situation for a period of time when the meteorological condition restriction the company operation. There will be demonstrated the level of restriction and the options for exploiting the production capacities, in order to not jeopardize the
safe operation of the National Energy System, and, in the same time, to cause minimum losses to the contractual partners.
Key words: design, layout, statistical data
Cuvinte cheie: amenajări, proiectare, date statistice

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34-23 ANALIZA ASPECTELOR PRACTICE PRIVITOARE LA MANAGEMENTUL ENERGETIC ÎN CAZUL UNOR SIMPTOME SPECIFICE PENTRU SISTEMUL DE PORNIRE DE LA TOYOTA AVENSIS

ANALYZE OF THE PRACTICAL ASPECTS CONCERNING THE ENERGETIC MANAGEMENT IN THE CASE OF SPECIFIC SIMPTOMS FOR THE START
SYSTEM FROM TOYOTA AVENSIS
The present paper presents in known technical terms and methods from practical operations the problematic aspects concerning the energy supply to the start system from Toyota Avensis 1.6 MPI car. After a period of optimal functionality, the start system shows signs of bad operation and some symptoms occur which lead to the questioning of the electric energy management regarding the starting procedure. The worst situation is if the thermal engine suddenly stops in the street and after this there is no possibility to restart it in that moment. First the battery is replaced just to make sure there is enough energy supply. But the problem reappears. Analysing the power supply system allows us to get the insight of the procedure and also to develop a strategy in solving the problem by studying the specific symptoms. The present paper aims the goal of outlining the symptoms and problematic aspects related to the energy management in the start system of Toyota Avensis.
Keywords: electromotor, electricity, energy, power-supply, Toyota
Cuvinte cheie: demaror, electricitate, energie, încărcare, Toyota

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34-22 CERCETAREA EXPERIMENTALĂ A ASPECTELOR SEMIOZICE ALE GRUPULUI MOTOPROPULSOR DE LA OPEL ASTRA G

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF SEMIOZIC ASPECTS OF THE POWER-TRAIN SYSTEM FROM OPEL ASTRA G
The experimental research work presents the steps and important readings in diagnosis of the energy supply system of the 1.6 gasoline engine from Opel Astra G. Electrical systems are friendly to use and offer a high comfort when they work properly, but when are broken a lot of problems and discomfort appears. The present case consists in solving or discovering the main problem of the system because the engine will not start normally but very difficult. The analyzed car had some difficulties with the electric system (when turning on the engine), rotation would appear but no consistent working. Some faults were highlighted but ”engine starting” still was difficult to be done properly. The semiotic aspects were managed and the electrical system was closely scanned in order to perfectly define the errors.
Keywords: automotive, diagnostics, gasoline, Opel, supply
Cuvinte cheie: autovehicul, diagnosticare, benzină, Opel, încărcare

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34-21 CERCETAREA EXPERIMENTALĂ A EMISIEI DE CO2 ÎN RAPORT CU NIVELUL CONSUMULUI DE COMBUSTIBIL LA MOTORUL 1.3 DE LA AUTOMOBILUL SUZUKI SWIFT LA TEMPERATURĂ EXTERIOARĂ DE 0 °C

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF CO2 EMISSION IN RELATION WITH FUEL LEVEL AT 1.3 ENGINE FROM SUZUKI SWIFT AT 0 °C EXTERIOR TEMPERATURE
The present applied experimental paper determines, with the latest software equipment available online, the carbon dioxide emission level related to specific average fuel consumption (which depends on the accelerator pedal position) and driving conditions in real traffic on a usual road track between Cluj-Napoca and Alba Iulia. There are no particular studies related to this specific topic concerning the fuel consumption level and carbon dioxide emissions of the 1.3 dm3 engine from the Suzuki Swift. Nowadays are many similar vehicles in the small class on the roads in EU countries.
The fuel consumption control influences the carbon dioxide emission management with electronic online module regarding the carbon foot-print, energy efficiency and level of pollution. Analyzing the fuel specific consumption of the petrol engine from Suzuki Swift creates the opportunity to optimize carbon dioxide emissions, as well as other environmental controls. This experimental research is developed while testing the electronic management system regarding specific fuel consumption through engine control unit to acquire testing data. The actual values are recorded in different driving conditions, on average range.
Keywords: accelerator, consumption, motor, Suzuki, Swift
Cuvinte cheie: accelerator, consum, motor, Suzuki, Swift

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34-20 CERCETAREA EXPERIMENTALĂ A REPREZENTĂRII GRAFIC-DIGITALE LA BORD A MANAGEMENTULUI ECONOMICO-ENERGETIC PRIVITOR LA CONSUMUL DE HIDROCARBURI LA TOYOTA AVENSIS

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE ON-BOARD
GRAPHIC-DIGITAL REPRESENTATION OF ECONOMICAL-ENERGETICAL MANAGEMENT REGARDING THE HIDROCARBONS CONSUMPTION AT TOYOTA AVENSIS
The present paper shows in usual technical terms and specifications from practical testing the significant aspects concerning the consumption and energetic management from Toyota Avensis 1.6 MPI 2003 model year. After operating in mixt driving conditions both urban and extra-urban cycles the data was collected concerning the distance of travel, mileage, average fuel medium consumption and momentary fuel consumption.
Also was recorded even vehicle’s average traveling speed. Analysing the obtain and recorded data by the management system for fuel supply and from on-board graphical-digital display units and equipment there have been possible to determine even the carbon foot print by three distinct methods.
The tolerance between all three methods of carbon foot print determinations ranged from 1.5 % to approximately 60% due to the fact that the worst case scenario was calculated on the assumption all the fuel turned in CO2 (which is not a feasible idea).
Keywords: automotive, consumption, hydrocarbons, energy, on-board
Cuvinte cheie: automobilism, consum, hidrocarburi, energie, la bord

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34-19 CERCETAREA FACTORILOR CAUZALI DE UZURĂ ȘI A CARACTERISTICILOR ULEIULUI ÎN CAZUL ALIMENTĂRII CU BIOCOMBUSTIBILI A MOTOARELOR PENTRU MAȘINI AGRICOLE

RESEARCH OF WEAR CAUSING FACTORS AND LUBRICANT CHARACTERISTICS IN CASE OF BIO-FUEL SUPPLY TO THE AGRICULTURE MACHINE’S ENGINE
Lubricants and fuels are used in over a billion machines. All of them are used in different operating regimes. Because the viscosity and density of engine’s fluids are different in each case, operating conditions are significantly changed. This idea underlines the specific engine operating conditions when performing actual tasks in agriculture. The fuel-lubricant interaction study leads to solutions regarding the wear problem. Experiments show the problems and also the optimal solutions. Agricultural machine lubrication takes part in determining the reliability and durability. Biofuel-adds in commercial fuel is now common practice and an actual task on agricultural engineering is machines life span. Biodiesel may be used alone or in mixtures with other fuels, either fossil diesel or alternative solutions. The content of biodiesel in commercial fuels throughout the European Union is under 15 percent, but it is supposed to increase toward 20 percent. So, we have to analyse the influence that biodiesel has in lubrication and in component wear. In this study were developed experiments concerning the biofuel use and influence on lubricants in various situations, determined by complex analyse of available data from applied research. There were changes in carbon deposits and quality of lubrication. Biodiesel influenced the lubricant composition.
Keywords: agriculture, biodiesel, biofuel, engine, machine
Cuvinte cheie: agricultură, biodiesel, biocombustibil, motor, utilaj

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34-18 INTELIGENȚA ARTIFICIALĂ IMPLEMENTATĂ ÎN AUTOVEHICULE DE RALIURI PENTRU CREȘTEREA EFICIENȚEI ENERGETICE ÎN COMPETIȚII

ARTIFICIAL INTELIGENCE IMPLEMENTED IN RALLY VEHICLES PENTRU INCREASING ENERGETIC
EFFICIENCY IN COMPETITIONS
The present work summarized in a scientific paper presents the results of an applied research on specific aspects in the artificial intelligence and energy efficiency during real time measurements on a rally car. Energy management when injecting fuel in the engine and other significant parameters are monitored and recorded in a rally competition.
Close analyse of the injection duty, air temperature and barometric pressure, in different regimes, with computing and networking equipment coupled to the intelligent control module via cable connection. There are outlined the energy management operation and the main injection duty cycle, energy supply and the ignition timing of the rally car. Tests on the engine’s intelligent systems of the rally vehicle are made in the national rally competitions that are in the field of motor-sport. It is an entry level for artificial intelligence but operates properly with mechanical components.
The present paper shows the development of testing artificial intelligence related to the energy efficiency management and ignition timing systems and their correlation with other smart control checks in rally working conditions.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, energy efficiency, motor-sport, rally
Cuvinte cheie: inteligența artificială, eficiență energetică, motor-sport, raliu

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34-17 CERCETAREA POTENȚIALULUI ENERGETIC AL ACIZILOR GRAȘI DIN ULEIURI ȘI ALTE SURSE PENTRU APLICAȚIILE UTILITARE MODERNE

RESEARCH OF THE ENERGETIC POTENTIAL OF FATI
ACIDS FROM OILS AND OTHER SOURCES FOR
MODERN UTILITARY APPLICATIONS
The present research points out, in specific technical concepts and strategies from engineering expertise, the problematic aspects concerning the use of fatty acids as energy source in some cases when it is not indicated and even a bad idea. After analysing thoroughly Gary Yourofsky’s lectures and essays regarding his views on various important topics we have initiated a study concerning fatty acids as sources for energy. Having an expertise in industrial type of oils use we could expand the interdisciplinary study after considering Gary’s ideas in a cross referencing approach with results of Dr. John Mcdougall, Dr. Collin Campbell, Dr. Neal Barnard, Dr. Joel Kahn, Dr. Nick Delgado, Dr. Michael Klapper, Dr. Garth Davis, Dr. Caldwell Esselstyn, Dr. Michael Greger. The fatty acids are some of the most important sources of energy on our planet, especially when they are used as fuel for multiple existing thermal machines. In our laboratory we use oils for Diesel engines as fuel or as an insulator for energy convertors, as well as lubricant or as transmission fluid. By a chemical process of trans-esterification oils are transformed in biodiesel. Link between machinery use of fatty acids and human use as food is important to be considered. In this paper are synthesized some of the data acquired till this moment regarding the energy potential of fatty acids for modern applications. Between food use of oils and fuel for combustion processes, as well as insulator or hydraulic fluid, there is a lot of consideration to be made.
Keywords: energy, fatty acids, food, fuel, oils
Cuvinte cheie: energie, acizi grași, aliment, combustibil, ulei

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34-16 PROGRAME DE CALCUL – INSTRUMENT AUXILIAR ÎN ANALIZA ENERGETICĂ A INSTALATIILOR DE ARDERE

CALCULATION PROGRAMS – AUXILIARY TOOL IN ENERGY ANALYSIS OF COMBUSTION INSTALLATIONS
The purpose of this paper is to present two useful computer programs as an auxiliary tool for research and didactic activities. Input data for the Combustion program is the volumetric participations. The Enthalpy program displays graphic and tabular enthalpy depending on the temperature and the excess air coefficient.
Keywords: combustion, enthalpy of combustion gases, coefficient of excess air, the temperature of the combustion gases
Cuvinte cheie: ardere, entalpia gazelor de ardere, coeficientul excesului de aer, temperatura gazelor de ardere

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34-15 BIOGAZUL SURSĂ ALTERNATIVĂ DE ENERGIE

BIOGAS ALTERNATIVE SOURSCE OF ENERGY
The paper presents several aspects related to the production of biogas from vegetable demerara and sludge resulting in wastewater treatment plants. The history of biogas production, the legislation in force, as well as the principles of the biogas process are presented. At the end of the work there are several economic advantages and environmental protection by processing organic waste to obtain biogas.
Keywords: alternative sources of energy, obtaining and utilizing biogas
Cuvinte cheie: surse alternative de energie, obținerea și utilizarea biogazului

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34-14 ANALIZA PERFORMANŢELOR REALIZATE DE O CENTRALĂ FOTOVOLTAICĂ PENTRU O PERIOADĂ DETERMINATĂ DE TIMP

ANALYSIS OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC CENTER FOR
A PERIOD DETERMINED TIME
The paper describes the main methods to identify the parameters’
values over a time period for a photovoltaic plant, in order to highlight the
eventual equipment’s dysfunctions. For a real example of parameters
computation, there are made the following selections: the meteorological and
climatologic parameters are for a location from Romania, having latitude
44014’7”N and longitude 28033’19; the general characteristics of the apparatus
and equipment are selected from the providers catalogues; as the period of
time is selected a special period, June 2014 – May 2015, characterized by a
reduced sunlight, with consequently reduced solar radiation provided for the
photovoltaic collectors. For statistic computations there are utilized data
obtained from The National Institute of Meteorology (INM) for a period of 10
years.
Key words: photovoltaic plant, measurements, analysis
Cuvinte cheie:centrală fotovoltaică, măsurători, analiză

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34-13 CERCETĂRI EXPERIMENTALE PRIVIND RANDAMENTUL DE CONVERSIE LA UN CAPTATOR SOLAR SFERIC

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON SPHERICAL SOLAR
COLLECTOR EFFICIENCY
The paper aims to provide an experimental investigation on the performance of a spherical solar collector in comparison with flat plate collector. The experimental setup consists of a spherical solar collector having 0.7 m in diameter for the absorber surface and a flat plate solar collector with 1.75 m2 absorber surface. The effective absorber surface of the spherical collector considered in calculus was 50 % of the total spherical surface. An efficiency of 34% was obtained on the spherical collector. The flat plate solar collector proved to be more practical with 69 % efficiency.
Keywords: spherical solar collector, flat plate collector, solar energy
Cuvinte cheie: captator solar sferic, captator solar plan, energie solară

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34-12 ÎMBUNĂTĂȚIREA PERFORMANȚELOR TERMICE ALE COLECTORILOR SOLARI PLANI CU AER PRIN UTILIZAREA STRUCTURILOR TIP FAGURE

IMPROVEMENT OF THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF FLAT PLATE SOLAR COLLECTORS WITH PLAIN AIR BY USING HONEYCOMB STRUCTURES
The paper presents methods to improve the efficiency of solar collectors planning which reduce the losses caused by the transfer of heat radiative and convective between absorbent surface and environment.
Keywords: solar collector, radiation transfer, convective transfer, stagnation point, calotte fluid, energy efficiency
Cuvinte cheie: colector solar, transfer radiativ, transfer convectiv, punct de stagnare, fluid caloportor, randament energetic

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34-11 OBERVAŢII PRIVIND INFLUENȚA PUTERII ASUPRA GEOMETRIEI TURBINELOR DE VÂNT CU AX ORIZONTAL

NOTES ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE POWER ON THE
GEOMETRY OF HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINES
The paper analysis the influence of power of horizontal axis wind turbines
on the geometry of the blade of the turbine.
Keywords: wind turbines, power, geometry
Cuvinte cheie: turbine eoliene, putere, geometrie

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34-10 GENERATOARE CU MAGNEȚI PERMANENȚI PENTRU AGREGATE EOLIENE ȘI HIDRAULICE

PERMANENT MAGNETS GENERATORS FOR
WIND AND WATER PLANTS
This paper presents some particularities in the construction of synchronous generators for wind and hydro-plants and low power generators with permanent magnets with a simplified construction. Also, a comparison between variants of generators with electromagnetic excitation and permanent magnets is done.
The advantages of the use of supermagnete from rare earths, Neodim Iron Bor (NeFeB), especially the increase of the efficiency of these generators, are highlighted, and finally the maximization of efficiency is mentioned by replacing the conductive materials (copper, aluminium) with superconducting ceramic materials at ambient temperature.
Keywords: wind power, electrical generators, supermagnete
Cuvinte cheie: energie eoliană, generatoare electrice, supermagnet

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34-9 STUDIU PRIVIND REALIZAREA PRACTICĂ A UNUI AMPLIFICATOR AUDIO DE PUTERE – Partea a II-a

STUDY REGARDING THE SELF-CONSTRUCTION
OF AN AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER – Part II
In this paper, beside the amplifiers concepts, the self-construction of the audio power amplifier (2 x 100 W) – UEMR, power amplifier with all its components (housing, supply block, tone corrector, mixing inputs, rectifier stage, preamplifier stages, output stages) respective the putting into operation, the advantages and disadvantages of the amplifier as well as the main conclusions are presented.
Cuvinte cheie: studiu, realizare practică, amplificator audio de putere
Keywords: study, self-construction, audio power amplifier

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34-8 STUDIU PRIVIND REALIZAREA PRACTICĂ A UNUI AMPLIFICATOR AUDIO DE PUTERE – Partea I

STUDY REGARDING THE SELF-CONSTRUCTION
OF AN AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER – Part I
This paper presents a study regarding the self-construction of an audio power amplifier, where beside the theoretical part regarding the electronic devices and electronic circuits, the motivation of research was mentioned, some current and future trends in power amplifiers were describes respectively, the initial model of the studied amplifier as well the 3D modeling of the audio power amplifier (2 x 100 W) were presented.
Cuvinte cheie: studiu, realizare practică, amplificator audio de putere
Keywords: study, self-construction, audio power amplifier

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34-7 PRIZA DE PAMÂNT ARTIFICIALĂ PE CONTUR POLIGONAL ÎNCHIS LA INSTALAȚIA ELECTRICĂ PENTRU CONSTRUCȚIILE NOI

ARTIFICIAL GROUND CONNECTION ON CLOSED POLYGONAL CONTOUR AT THE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION FOR NEW CONSTRUCTIONS
The resistance of ground connection depends on two important elements, namely the nature of the ground in which it is mounted and the method of installation.
Keywords: ground connection, horizontal electrode, strip form
Cuvinte cheie: priza de pământ, electrod orizontal, platbandă

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34-6 PIERDERILE PE LINIA DE ALIMENTARE A UNUI CONSUMATOR TRIFAZAT LEGAT ÎN TRIUNGHI

THE SUPPLY LINE LOSS OF A THREE-PHASE LOAD IN DELTA CONNECTION
The electrical power system usually operated in a symmetrical three-phase steady state mode. But, there are certain situations that can cause non-symmetrical operations. The presence of the unbalanced three-phased loads induce the apparition of the non-symmetrical systems involving currents and voltages as well the extra-loss within the supply wire. In this work we present a mathematical proof in Mathcad of additional losses in the electrical energy transmission line working under non-symmetrical conditions. Was considered a simplified model in delta connection, but the obtained result generalizes to complex electrical circuits. Finally, we show the conclusions and references.
Keywords: three-phase load, delta connection, active power, electrical energy transmission line, supply line loss, unbalanced functioning regime, mathematical proof in the Mathcad of additional losses under unbalanced conditions
Cuvinte cheie: receptor trifazat, conexiune în triunghi, putere activă, linie de transport a energiei electrice, pierderi pe linia de alimentare, regim dezechilibrat de funcţionare, demonstraţie matematică în mediul Mathcad a pierderilor suplimentare în regim dezechilibrat

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34-5 CONSIDERAȚII ASUPRA CALCULULUI TERMOTEHNIC AL UNEI CLĂDIRI ÎN VEDEREA ELABORĂRII CERTIFICATULUI ENERGETIC Partea a II-a

CONSIDERATIONS ON THERMOTHETICAL CALCULATION
OF A BUILDING FOR ELABORATION – ENERGY CERTIFICATE – II
In this paper some references are made to the thermo-technical calculation of residential buildings and apartments. Calculations also provide information on the total annual specific energy consumption for heating, lighting, hot water, ventilation, whereby the building falls into an energy class, and then measures are taken to improve the thermal energy performance of building.
Keywords: building, apartment, heat, electricity, thermal ventilation
Cuvinte cheie:clădire, apartament, căldură, electricitate, ventilație termică

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34-4 CONSIDERAȚII ASUPRA CALCULULUI TERMOTEHNIC AL UNEI CLĂDIRI ÎN VEDEREA ELABORĂRII CERTIFICATULUI ENERGETIC Partea I-a

CONSIDERATIONS ON THERMOTHETICAL CALCULATION
OF A BUILDING FOR ELABORATION – ENERGY CERTIFICATE – I
In this paper some references are made to the thermo-technical calculation of residential buildings and apartments. Calculations also provide information on the total annual specific energy consumption for heating, lighting, hot water, ventilation, whereby the building falls into an energy class, and then measures are taken to improve the thermal energy performance of building.
Keywords: building, apartment, heat, electricity, thermal ventilation
Cuvinte cheie:clădire, apartament, căldură, electricitate, ventilație termică

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34-3 CALCULUL PARAMETRILOR UNUI MOTOR DE INDUCȚIE LA DIFERITE VALORI ALE SARCINII, FOLOSIND PROGRAME DE TIPUL ”IND”

CALCULATION OF PARAMETERS OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR AT DIFFERENT VALUES OF LOAD, USING PROGRAMS SUCH AS „IND”
The paper presents IT and general aspects of how to calculate the parameters of an induction engine (MI) with „IND” type programs in the classic versions of Windows 2010/2015 and new modern versions, original Linux 2017/2018. The latest ones are based on native C language, with maximum compatibility and portability and, moreover, they are automatically plotting the features (MI); the equivalent executable binary code and global computing time are reduced (55 % and 99,99 %) including automatic graphic representation and export to 2 disk formats („.FIG” and MATLAB .png).
Keywords: induction machines, IND program, refurbishment, software, simulation modelling, MATLAB, Simulink, C, f2c, virtual machine
Cuvinte cheie: mașini de inducție, programul IND, retehnologizare, software, modelare simulare, MATLAB, Simulink, C, f2c, mașină virtuală

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34-2 ASPECTE IT PRIVIND MODUL DE CALCUL ȘI ANALIZĂ A PERFORMANȚELOR MAȘINILOR ELECTRICE DE INDUCȚIE UTILIZÂND PROGRAME DE TIP „IND”

IT ISSUES CONCERNING CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS
OF THE PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRICAL MACHINERY USING INDUCTION PROGRAMS ”IND”
The paper presents IT and general aspects of the optimal calculation and specific analysis of the performance of induction electric machines (MI) with IND programs in the classic versions of Windows 2010/2015 and new modern versions, original Linux 2017/2018. The latest ones are based on native C language, with maximum compatibility and portability and, moreover, they are automatically plotting the features (MI); the equivalent executable binary code and global computing time are reduced (with 55 % and 27 %) including automatic graphic representation and export to 2 disk formats („.FIG” and MATLAB ”.png”).
Keywords: induction machines, IND program, upgrading, software, simulation modelling, MATLAB, Simulink, FORTRAN’77, C
Cuvinte cheie: mașini de inducție, program IND, retehnologizare, software, modelare simulare, MATLAB, Simulink, FORTRAN’77, C

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34-1 ANALIZĂ EMPIRICĂ A IMPACTULUI FABRICAȚIEI CU SISTEME IOT ASUPRA INDUSTRY 4.0

EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF MANUFACTURING WITH IOT SYSTEMS ON INDUSTRY 4.0
This paper presents a summary of the impact of manufacturing using IoT systems on Industry 4.0. They are theoretically presenting the programming model using JavaScript. The IoT concept should be used to facilitate the infrastructure, so every object must be represented on the Internet and interact with others. Communication within the network can take place between elements at the same conceptual level via an interface.
Keywords: IoT, fabrication, Petri networks
Cuvinte cheie: IoT, fabricatie, rețele Petri

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