Arhive zilnice: iulie 10, 2016


29-64 COMANDA UNUI SEMAFOR CU TREI CULORI ȘI STARE DE AVARIE FOLOSIND AUTOMATUL PROGRAMABIL ZELIO SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC

CONTROL OF TRAFFIC LIGHT WITH THREE COLOURS AND
HAZARD’S STATE USING PLC ZELIO SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC
This paper presents an application made to control of traffic lights with
three colors and hazard’s state simulated and implemented using ZelioSoft 2.
Also, program has been tested on laboratory bench comprising: a power source
model THF45US24, a PLC Telemecanique Zelio SR3 B261BD type with 24VDC
power supply, and Schenck simulation module with 2 analog inputs, 8 digital
inputs, and 8 relay outputs.
Keywords: wired logic, programmable logic PLC, language FBD
Cuvinte cheie: logică cablată, logică programată, PLC, limbaj FBD

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29-63 CONTROLUL UNUI INVERTOR MONOFAZAT CU MICROCONTROLER PIC

CONTROL OF A SINGLE-PHASE INVERTER WITH
PIC MICROCONTROLLER
This paper presents a single-phase power inverter with transformer with
intermediate connection (in primary circuit) which has the voltage form at the
output rectangular or quasi-sinusoidal shapes. Inverter control (six variants)
was performed with 8-bit PIC microcontroller and power transistors are
MOSFET type. In paper were performed theoretically and experimentally times
switching for transistors to reduce voltage harmonics 3,5,7,9 and 11.
Measurements of electrical parameters were performed for the six control types
when the inverter supplied an incandescent lamp.
Keywords: single-phase inverter, microcontroller, voltage harmonics
Cuvinte cheie: invertor monofazat, microcontroler, armonice de tensiune

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29-62 EFICIENȚA DE COLECTARE A ELECTROFILTRELOR INDUSTRIALE ÎN FUNCȚIE DE STRATURILE DE PRAF DE PE SUPRAFEȚELE COLECTOARE partea a II-a

COLLECTION EFFICIENCY OF INDUSTRIAL
PRECIPITATORS DEPENDING ON POWDER LAYERS
ON COLLECTING SURFACES – Part II
When treating large gas flows, industrial precipitators are the most
common in the industry. For a precipitator with three sections (from a thermal
power plant), the article presents, through simulation (based on real electrical
and technological parameters of a precipitator) collection efficiency,
penetration of dust particles and migration’s velocity depending on thickness of
powder layers on collecting surface.
Keywords: electrostatic precipitators, dust, speed migration, collection
efficiency
Cuvinte cheie: electrofiltre, particule de praf, viteza de migrație, eficiența
de colectare

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29-61 EFICIENȚA DE COLECTARE A ELECTROFILTRELOR INDUSTRIALE ÎN FUNCȚIE DE STRATURILE DE PRAF DE PE SUPRAFEȚELE COLECTOARE partea I-a

COLLECTION EFFICIENCY OF INDUSTRIAL
PRECIPITATORS DEPENDING ON POWDER LAYERS
ON COLLECTING SURFACES – Part I
When treating large gas flows, industrial precipitators are the most
common in the industry. For a precipitator with three sections (from a thermal
power plant), the article presents, through simulation (based on real electrical
and technological parameters of a precipitator) collection efficiency, penetration
of dust particles and migration’s velocity depending on thickness of powder
layers on collecting surface.
Keywords: electrostatic precipitators, dust, speed migration, collection
efficiency
Cuvinte cheie: electrofiltre, particule de praf, viteza de migrație, eficiența
de colectare

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29-60 CIRCUITE LOGICE DE BAZĂ CU STRUCTURĂ VARIABILĂ REALIZATE CU PORŢI ŞI-NU, SAU-NU ŞI SAU-EXCLUSIV, EXPERIMENTATE PE AP PS3

BASIC LOGIC CIRCUITS WITH VARIABLE STRUCTURE
MADE WITH NAND, NOR AND XOR GATES ON PS3 PLC
The paper presents the basic logic circuits made with integrated variable
structure NAND, NOR and XOR. The logical structure and function of these
circuits is changed by means of changeover switches which changes the logic
value of a signal at the input of XOR gates. In this way change the logic circuit
function with variable structure. Were performed experiments on the PS 3 PLC
(Klöckner-Moeller).
Keywords: logic circuits, AND – NOT gate, NOR gate, OR gate weeks
are exclusively allocated
Cuvinte cheie: circuite logice, poartă ȘI-NU, poartă SAU-NU, poartă
SAU -EXCLUSIV

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29-59 DETERMINAREA OPTIMALĂ A PARAMETRILOR GENERATORULUI ELECTRIC ASINCRON CU DOUĂ ÎNFĂŞURĂRI STATORICE – MODELUL MATEMATIC

PARAMETER OPTIMAL IDENTIFICATION OF DUAL THREE
PHASES STATOR WINDING INDUCTION MACHINE –
MATHEMATICAL MODEL
The parameter identification of a dual three phase’s stator winding
induction machine is approached in this paper by the genetic optimal algorithm.
The estimated parameter are: the voltage ratio between main and auxiliary
winding, the main winding resistance and leakage reactance, the cage rotor
resistance and reactance, the coupling leakage reactance between main and
auxiliary winding, the magnetization non saturated reactance, equivalent iron
loss resistance and mechanical losses including their variation with speed.
Keywords: asynchronous generator, two stator windings, equivalent
scheme parameters, calculating the optimal genetic algorithm
Cuvinte cheie: generator electric asincron, două înfăşurări statorice,
parametrii schemei echivalente, calcul optimal cu metoda algoritmilor genetici

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29-58 METODĂ DE DETERMINARE RAPIDĂ A PUTERII UTILE LA O MAŞINĂ ASINCRONĂ

A RAPID METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE NET
POWER OF AN ASYNCHRONOUS MACHINE
This work presents a method to rapidly determine the net power of an
asynchronous machine running as a motor. For this we read a minimal set of
engine speed values, excitation winding current values, power factor values
when we know the nominal values of the tested engine. The find the net power
values we use the phases in drawing up the circle diagram for an electrical
machine. This method can easily used to find the electric energy balance of
various industrial units.
Keywords: net power, asynchronous motor, energy balance, circle
diagram
Cuvinte cheie: puterea utilă, motor asincron, bilanţ electroenergetic,
diagrama cercului

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29-57 ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER IN DIGITAL PROTECTIVE RELAYS

CONVERTOR ANALOG-DIGITAL
ÎN RELEE DIGITALE DE PROTECȚIE
The accuracy and the speed of decision making of the protection
relays are very important to maintain the continuity of supply to the electrical
power system during different disturbances.
A/D Converter shares an important role in achieving that requirement,
so that all types of A/D Converters used in power relaying applications will be
discussed in this paper and some recommendations will be offered depending
on that discussion.
Acuratețea și viteza de luare a deciziilor a releelor de protecție sunt
foarte importante pentru a menține continuitatea aprovizionării sistemului de
energie electrică în timpul diferitelor perturbații.
A/D convertorul analog-digital are un rol important în realizarea acestei
cerințe, astfel încât toate tipurile de convertoare A/D utilizate în transmiterea
aplicațiilor de putere vor fi discutate în această lucrare și unele recomandări vor
fi oferite în funcție de această discuție.
Keywords: digital relay, digital signal processing, electrical power
system, digitization, quantization, sampling
Cuvinte cheie: releu digital, procesare a semnalului digital, sisteme de
energie electrică, digitizare, cuantizare, eșantionare

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29-56 APROXIMAREA ECUAȚIEI DE REZOLVARE A SITUAȚIEI CABLURILOR ELECTRICE AERIENE UTILIZÂND METODA ITERATIVĂ ȘI PROGRAMAREA C++

SOLVE THE APPROXIMATE SOLUTION FOR THE
STATATMENT EQUATION OF OVER HEAD LINES BY
USING ITTERATIVE METHOD AND C++
The calculation of different parameters for mechanical design of
overhead lines is introduced in this paper. The solution of the equation statement
is done by using iteration methods and c++. Finally, the purpose of this paper is
to realize the optimum design of overhead lines and consequently the better
performance during different weather conditions and load cases.
Key words: overhead lines, mechanical design, sag, equation statement
Cuvinte cheie: linii electrice aeriene, proiectare mecanică, săgeți,
ecuație de stare

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29-55 CONSIDERAȚII ASUPRA CIRCUITULUI CHUA Partea a III-a

CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT CHUA’S CIRCUIT – Part III
This paper presents modeling techniques and design nonlinear memristor
elements type, typically used in Chua’s circuit structure. Extremely laborious
analyzes and mathematical techniques modeling approach is support for
initiating many procedures for designing a linear negative resistance element,
but not only.
Keywords: memristor, nonlinear, converter, circuit
Cuvinte cheie: memristor, neliniar, convertor, circuit

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29-54 CONSIDERAȚII ASUPRA CIRCUITULUI CHUA Partea a II-a

CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT CHUA’S CIRCUIT – Part II
This paper presents modeling techniques and design nonlinear memristor
elements type, typically used in Chua’s circuit structure. Extremely laborious
analyzes and mathematical techniques modeling approach is support for
initiating many procedures for designing a linear negative resistance element,
but not only.
Keywords: memristor, nonlinear, converter, circuit
Cuvinte cheie: memristor, neliniar, convertor, circuit

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29-53 CONSIDERAȚII ASUPRA CIRCUITULUI CHUA Partea I

CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT CHUA’S CIRCUIT – Part I
This paper presents modeling techniques and design nonlinear memristor
elements type, typically used in Chua’s circuit structure. Extremely laborious
analyzes and mathematical techniques modeling approach is support for
initiating many procedures for designing a linear negative resistance element,
but not only.
Keywords: memristor, nonlinear, converter, circuit
Cuvinte cheie: memristor, neliniar, convertor, circuit

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29-52 ASPECTE PRIVIND PIERDERILE PE LINIA DE ALIMENTARE A UNUI CONSUMATOR TRIFAZAT DEZECHILIBRAT

ASPECTS REGARDING THE SUPPLY LINE LOSS OF A
UNBALANCED THREE-PHASED LOAD
The electrical power system normally operated in a symmetrical threephase
steady state mode. However, there are certain situations that can cause
non-symmetrical operations. The presence of the unbalanced three-phased
loads determines the apparition of the non-symmetrical systems involving
currents and voltages as well the extra-loss within the supply wire. In this paper
we present a mathematical proof in Mathcad of additional losses in the electrical
energy transmission line working under non-symmetrical conditions. Was
considered a simplified model, but the obtained result generalizes to complex
electrical circuits. Finally, we draw the conclusions and we indicate the
references.
Keywords: receiver phase, active power, symmetric components,
power transmission line, power line losses, unbalanced mode of operation
mathematical proof of additional losses under unbalanced
Cuvinte cheie: receptor trifazat, putere activă, componente simetrice,
linie de transport a energiei electrice, pierderi pe linia de alimentare, regim
dezechilibrat de funcţionare, demonstraţie matematică a pierderilor
suplimentare în regim dezechilibrat

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29-51 INFLUENŢA FACTORILOR EXTERNI ASUPRA PEREŢILOR BATARDOURILOR METALICE DESTINATE PROTEJĂRII RÂURILOR ÎN CAZ DE DEZASTRE NATURALE

THE INFLUENCE OF THE EXTERN FACTORS ONTHE WALLS
OF THE METALLIC BULKHEADS FOR PROTECTING THE
RIVER IN CASE OF NATURAL DISASTERS
The paper aims to influence of a specific factors in case of flood (flow,
the flow rate of water) concerning the walls of the metallic bulkheads used for
protecting the banks of the rivers
Keywords: bulkhead, flood, flow, flow rate, distortion walls
Cuvinte cheie:batardou, inundaţii, debit, viteză, deformaţii pereţi

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29-50 DESFĂŞURAREA VIROLELOR UNEI CAMERE SPIRALE UTILIZÂND MODULUL SHEET METAL DIN SOLIDWORKS

THE FLATTENING OF THE SPIRAL CASING SHELLS USING
THE SOLIDWORKS SHEET METAL MODULE
The objective of the paper is to describe the flattening of the spiral
casing shells using the Sheet Metal module included in SolidWorks software.
Sheet Metal parts constitute a very specific type of solid model. They have the
characteristics of being thin walled and the wall thickness is constant
throughout the model.
Keywords: Flatten, SolidWorks, hydraulic turbines, spiral casing
Cuvinte cheie: Desfăşurate, SolidWorks, turbine hidraulice, camera
spirală

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29-49 MATERIALE SPECIFICE FABRICAȚIEI MAȘINILOR HIDRAULICE ȘI COMPORTAREA LOR LA FENOMENUL DE EROZIUNE

SPECIFIC MATERIALS USED IN MANUFACTURING
HYDRAULIC TURBINES AND THEIR BEHAVIOR TO EROSION
The goal of the paper is regarding the alloy materials used in the
manufacturing of hydraulic machines and how the process of corrosion has
influenced these materials. The mechanism of silt erosion is discussed and are
compared the effects of erosion and cavitational phenomena.
Keyword: corrosio, erosion abrasiv, hydraulic machine, stainless steel
Cuvinte cheie: coroziune, eroziune abrazivă, masini hidraulice, oțeluri
inoxidabile

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29-48 PROBLEME DE MENTENANŢĂ SPECIFICE SISTEMELOR DE ACŢIONARE HIDRAULICĂ

SPECIFIC ISSUES FOR MAINTENANCE OF
HYDRAULIC DRIVE SYSTEMS
This paper presents the concepts of maintenance in the light of ISO’s
standards and EU directives implemented in Romania after the year 2007, in
the industrial field, with reference to the hydraulic drive systems. The
maintenance of these systems can only find a practical solution in accordance
with the international standards and European directives mentioned above.
Keywords: tree maintenance, total productive maintenance, hydraulic
actuators, standards
Cuvinte cheie: arbore mentenanță, mentenanţă productivă totală,
acţionări hidraulice, standarde

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29-47 ANALIZA REGIMURILOR TERMICE ALE UNUI HIDROGENERATOR

ANALYSIS OF A HYDRO GENERATOR THERMAL REGIMES
The paper analyses the thermal regimes of a vertical synchronous hydro
generator, coupled with a Kaplan hydraulic turbine, depending on its active and
reactive powers. Operation at temperatures higher than permissible limits leads
to defects and abnormal functioning of hydro generator. The optimal
temperature increases stability and extends the lifetime of hydro generator, by
slowing aging of the rotor and stator windings.
Keywords: hydro, monitoring, temperature
Cuvinte cheie: hidrogenerator, monitorizare, regim termic

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29-46 OPTIMIZAREA FUNCȚIONĂRII UNEI PRIZE DE APĂ ECOLOGICE PRIN TESTAREA UNUI MODEL LA SCARĂ REDUSĂ

ECOLOGICAL WATER INTAKE OPTIMIZATION BY SMALL
SCALE MODELLING
The main objective of the paper is to demonstrate the efficiency of an
ecological water intake by optimizing its operation using experimental modelling
techniques. The tests have been performed on a dedicated small scale model
integrated in a specially design testing flume.
This paper presents the general considerations regarding the ecological
intakes for Mountain Rivers and focuses on identifying design methods suitable
for performance increasing. A simplified prototype installation was designed
starting from the patented sand-less ecological intake. Based on this design, a
1:10 small scale model was developed and installed in a dedicated stand. It
was possible to determine the water speed, the flow from the main channel and
the captured flow in different testing conditions, by using specific measuring
equipment and methods. The obtained results were transposed to the prototype
installation by applying Froude similarity criteria, proving to be useful to the
elaboration of the main design parameters for water intakes.
Keywords: water intakes, Mountain Rivers, experimental model, similarity
Cuvinte cheie: prize de apă, râuri de munte, model experimental,
similitudine

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29-45 STUDIUL STABILITĂŢII UNUI GRUP HIDRAULIC TURBINĂ-GENERATOR SINCRON AUTOEXCITAT LA UN M.H.C. AUTONOM

STABILITY STUDY FOR A TURBINE-SELF EXCITED
SYNCRONOUS GENERATOR HYDRAULIC GROUP OF A
AUTONOMOUS M.H.C.
This work aims to determine the stability of a self-excited synchronous
generator, which works in the autonomous mode, based on the link between
the hydraulic turbine–synchronous generator aggregate, the internal
aggregate’s generator angle, which depends on its load, and the opening angle
of the unit director. To verify the correctness of the relations presented in this
work the designed aggregate has been tested with sudden loads and various
resistive and inductive loads. The aggregate behaved as expected, remaining
stable following the transitory processes.
Keywords: static and dynamic stability, self-excited synchronous
generator, micro hydro power plant, self-adjustable drive
Cuvinte cheie: stabilitate statică şi dinamică, generator sincron
autoexcitat, microhidrocentrală, acţionare autoreglabilă

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29-44 MĂSURĂTORI DE VIBRAŢII AXIALE LA HIDROAGREGATE

AXIAL VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS
ON HYDROELECTRIC UNITS
This paper presents examples of axial vibration measurements
performed on hydro units. Absolute vibration measurements, low band
amplitude spectra with respect to wicket gate opening on both lower and upper
brackets of vertical shaft hydro units was presented.
Keywords: axial vibration, amplitude spectra, natural frequency, natural mode
Cuvinte cheie: vibraţii axiale, spectre de amplitudine, frecvente proprii
de oscilație

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29-43 OBSERVAŢII ASUPRA STRATEGIEI DE UTILIZARE A APEI DINTR-UN LAC DE ACUMULARE A UNEI HIDROCENTRALE

NOTES ON A STRATEGY OF USING THE WATER FROM
A HYDROPOWER STATION LAKE
The paper discusses a method to predict the use of water in case of a
hydropower station.
Keywords: hydroelectric, water resources, rationality, compensation
Cuvinte cheie: centrale hidroelectrice, resurse de apă, raţionalitate,
compensare

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29-42 STRATEGIA COMPANIEI MAPEI∗) PENTRU ÎNTREȚINEREA STRUCTURILOR HIDROTEHNICE

MAPEI COMPANY STRATEGY FOR THE
MAINTENANCE OF HYDROTECHNICAL STRUCTURES
Monitoring the in situ reaction of the hydro technical structures allowed
the knowledge of their degradation evolution following the effective and real
condition of exploitation. The paper describes the remedies applied by MAPEI
Company for the rehabilitation of these structures in order to provide the
sustainable functioning of the reconditioned structures.
Keywords: MAPEI Company, hydro technical structures, repairs and
reconditioning, methods and materials
Cuvinte cheie: compania MAPEI, structuri hidrotehnice, reparații și
recondiționări, metode și materiale

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29-41 POSIBILITĂŢI DE VALORIFICARE HIDROENERGETICĂ A RÎULUI BÎCA ÎN MUNICIPIUL CHIŞINĂU DUPĂ PROFESORUL DORIN PAVEL

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ГИДРОЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОГО
ОСВОЕНИЯ РЕКИ БЫК В МУН. КИШИНЭУ ПО
ПРОФ. ДОРИН ПАВЕЛ
В статье представлены гидрографические характеристики
бассейна, гидрологические показатели реки Бык а также гидравлические
параметры единственного водохранилища. Водные ресурсы реки
используются в настоящее время для орошения, рекреации, рыбоводства
и других целей.
Хотя еще в тридцатых годах для этой зоны Молдовы были
изучены и оценены гидроэнергетические потенциалы не только реки Прут
но и реки Рэут и Бык водного бассейна реки Нистру. По его расчетам в
пределах муниципия Кишинэу предусматривалось три гидротехнических
узла.
В начале 90-х годов по предложению автора были установлены
два гидроагрегата на трубопроводах донного водовыпуска при плотине,
которые сейчас не функционируют. Сейчас когда имеется энергетический
кризис и возрастают экологические требования, следует в реконструкции
предусмотреть установку гидротурбин для выработки гидравлической
энергии, причем одна из них должна работать на экологическом расходе.
Ключевые слова: бассейн, река, водохранилище,
гидроэлектростанции
Cuvinte cheie: bazin hidrografic, râu, acumulare, centrale
hidroelectrice

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29-40 POTENŢIALUL HIDROENERGETIC AL RÂULUI RĂUTU DIN MOLDOVA ŞI SCHEMA DE VALORIFICARE ÎN STUDIUL PROFESORULUI DORIN PAVEL

МОЛДОВЕ И СХЕМА ОСВОЕНИЯ В ИССЛЕДОВАНИИ
ПРОФЕССОРА ДОРИН ПАВЕЛ
В работе представлены материалы по возможному освоению
реки Рэуту, как самого большого притока реки Нистру с правой стороны.
Профессор Д. Павел представил два гидротехнических узла с
гидроэлектростанциями в которых включены плотины, каналы, тоннели и
водоводы с предлагаемыми параметрами по расходу, напору и мощности.
Имеются варианты с гидроакуммулированием воды на высоких отметках.
Следует отметить, что на реке в пятидесятые годы были построены около
двух десятков малых ГЭС, которые давно не работают, но в связи с
энергетическим кризисом в настоящее время их следует восстановить.
Для этого изучается сток реки, его режим и определяются его параметры.
На основе данных наблюдений на водомерных постах и их обработки
определены гидрологические характеристики стока воды и расчетные
параметры различных вероятностей для определения гидропотенциала.
По этим показателям определены расчетные расходы, напоры, мощности
и выработанная энергия в различные по водности периоды в реке Рэуту.
Ключевые слова: гидроэнергетика, река, турбина, сток, напор, мощность.
Ключевые слова: гидроэнергетика, дебют река турбины, осень,
мощность
Cuvinte cheie: hidroenergetică, râu, turbină, debutul, căderea, puterea

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29-39 ÎNREGISTRAREA ȘI ANALIZAREA PRESIUNILOR PLANTARE ÎN DINAMICĂ

RECORDING AND ANALYSING DYNAMIC
PLANTAR PRESSURE
Plantar foot pressure is exerted between the foot and the contact
surface during of daily locomotion activities. Classic applications of this field are
footwear design, performance analysis and injury prevention, improvement in
balance control and diagnosis of diseases. Recently, innovative application of
plantar pressure analysis is in the field of human recognition, biometrics,
posture monitoring and support systems restoring. Forces that act on the foot
are normally controlled by the plantar region. If the movement of the foot is
constrained and the foot cannot function at normal parameters, then these
forces are absorbed by other regions, which may lead to modifications of the
foot anatomy and increased occurrence of medical problems.
Keywords: plantar pressure, footwear, injury prevention
Cuvinte cheie: presiune plantară, încălțăminte, afecțiuni medicale

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29-38 SISTEME DE ÎNREGISTRARE A PRESIUNILOR PLANTARE

PLANTAR PRESSURES MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
Plantar pressure measurement systems available on the marker or in
research laboratories divide in two main categories, platforms for measuring the
plantar pressure distribution when subjects walk on them and measurement
systems that are inserted inside the shoe. When designing and manufacturing
plantar pressure systems, the most relevant parameters to take in to
consideration are spatial resolution, measurement frequency, results accuracy,
sensors sensitivity and calibration [3]. During locomotion, legs are the main
surface of interaction with the environment. For this reason, it is very important to
early diagnose possible health problems of the legs in order to prevent accidents
and injuries, for better risk managements and for general wellbeing. One of the
main approaches in the assessment of feet health, widely used in many
applications, is the analysis of plantar pressure characteristics. It is therefore very
important to develop reliable and precise measurement systems [2]
Keywords: plantar pressure, measurement systems, feet health
Cuvinte cheie: presiune plantară, sisteme de măsurare, sănătatea
picioarelor.

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29-37 CONTRIBUȚII PRIVIND DEFINIREA FINEȚII MAȘINILOR DE TRICOTAT

CONTRIBUTIONS ON THE DEFINITION OF GAUGE
KNITTING MACHINES
In the present paper, the authors demonstrate the general relation of
the knitting machines’ gauges. There are also shown the calculation elements
that characterize the general calculation relation. Depending on the gauge
system of the knitting machines, there are taken into account the unitary length,
the number of unitary lengths and the number of the needles forming a group.
There are also shown the transformation relations of the gauge from a system
to another one.
Keywords: gauge systems, machine gauge, knitting machines
Cuvinte cheie: sisteme de finețe, finețe a mașinii, mașini de tricotat

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29-36 ATLEŢII CU HANDICAP LOCOMOTOR ŞI PERFORMANŢA

DISABLED ATHLETES AND PERFORMANCE
The technological advances in carbon fiber prosthetics, allows
individuals with lower extremity amputation to once again practice sports for
their personal fitness or as a professional athlete. With the use of flex-foot,
amputee athletes can now compete at almost at the same level as able-bodied
ones, and can even challenge them for titles. An increased understanding of
the spring-like leg function and stiffness is expected to aid in prosthetic design,
and whit the use of composite materials like carbon fiber the assumption of
functional inferiority may no longer be valid.
Keywords: orthopedic prosthesis, carbon fiber, solicitation, disabled
athlete, flexes -foo
Cuvinte cheie: proteză ortopedică, fibra de carbon, solicitare, atlet cu
dizabilitati, flex-foot

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29-35 CONSIDERAŢII ASUPRA IMPORTANŢEI ORELOR DE SPORT ÎN PROGRAMA ȘCOLARĂ

THE IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
IN THE SCHOOL CURRICULUM
Physical education is getting ignored in the school curriculum despite
the fact that our children are having health and psychical problems because
they are getting fat and they lose the love for sports. Mobile phones, computers
and fast-food can now be considered the enemies of health, because the keep
children from having a healthy active life. Teaching young students to love
doing physical exercises and making them understand that being healthy is the
most important thing in life is the first step in defeating child obesity, diabetes
and other problems that appear in the absence of sports. The easiest way to
help our future generations is teaching them when they are young.
Keywords: physical education, curriculum, obesity, students
Cuvinte cheie: educație fizica, programa școlară, obezitate, elevi

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29-34 ANALIZA ŞI IMBUNĂTĂŢIREA SISTEMULUI LOGISTIC ÎNTR-O ORGANIZAŢIE DE TIP SMALL BUSSINES

IMPROVING LOGISTICS SYSTEM IN AN
ORGANIZATION TYPE SMALL BUSINESS
The paper analyses the logistics system in an organization producing
metallic products used in automotive industrial and proposes a solution to
improve the supply and shipping services, and one related to production
optimization.
Keywords: logistics, supply, MRP, production management, shipping
Cuvinte cheie: logistică, aprovizionare, MRP, gestiune producție,
expediere

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29-33 PROVOCĂRILE TRANZIȚIEI CĂTRE POZIȚIA DE MANAGER

TRANSITION CHALLENGES
TO THE POSITION OF MANAGER
Management is learned on the job: making, observing, interacting with
others, being placed in unusual situations, enabling opportunities to grow and
develop from a professional perspective. Mastering the art of management is a
process of learning from experience.
Keywords: managerial communication, motivating staff
Cuvinte cheie: comunicare managerială, motivarea personalului

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29-32 MODELE ȘI STADIILE DE EVOLUȚIE ALE MARKETINGULUI

MODELS AND STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
OF MARKETING
In this paper you ar present The economic and social dynamism of the
USA was a contributory reason particularly with regard to the emergence of
marketing. Currently most authors are of the opinion that the beginnings of the
last century, belonging to the marketing, with the industrial revolution. As an
argument in this regard is the fact that marketing term was found in the
american University early barely passed.
One of the factors promoting and marketing promotion you occurrence
was the industrial revolution, triggered with the spread of machinery, which led
to the replacement of manual labor.
Here we want to introduce the development stages of marketing with
the characteristics of each stage as well as their importance.
Keywords: marketing, value creation, collaboration, creativity, co –
creation
Cuvinte cheie: marketing, creare de valoare, colaborare, creativitate,
co-creatie

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29-31 MIXUL DE MARKETING ŞI IMPORTANŢA LUI

MARKETING MIX AND HIS IMPORTANCE
The essential concept of the modern theory of marketing, marketing mix
is as complex a recipe for a dish that you prepare in the kitchen, each
ingredient is essential. Each of the ingredients in the recipe should be placed in
the correct quantity and at the right time and just the right moment to turn the
recipe into a delicious tasting. Recipe ingredients are represented by P
websites marketing mix 4Ps Eugene McCarthy ‘s (Price, Product, Promotion,
Placement) which are the essential tools of the mix that are used today
successfully both in theory and in practice.
Keywords: marketing mix, price, product, promotion, placement
Cuvinte cheie: mix de marketing, preț, produs, promovare, plasament

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29-30 METODE CLASICE DE EVALUARE VERSUS METODE MODERNE DE EVALUARE

CLASSICAL METHODS FOR EVALUATION VERSUS
MODERN METHODS OF EVALUATION
This article is intended as an analysis related to the use of classical and
modern methods for assessing student centered. A comparison between the
two types of methods.
Keywords: evaluation methods, samples, self-evaluation, portfolio, essay
Cuvinte cheie: metode de evaluare, probe, autoevaluarea, portofoliu,
referatul

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29-29 CONCEPTUL DE INDUSTRIE BAZATĂ PE CLUSTERE INOVATIVE ÎN EUROPA: O ANALIZĂ A SECTORULUI SOFTWARE

CONCEPT OF INDUSTRY BASED ON INNOVATIVE
CLUSTERS IN EUROPE: AN ANALYSIS OF
SOFTWARE SECTOR
This article presents the evolution of creative industries along the time
and the growth of the enterprises from Europe in clusters. The literature that
treats the cluster policy was also analyzed. The focus was on software
companies, specifically on the comparison between ten countries that are in the
Danube region, based on information provided by Cluster Observatory. The
Cluster Observatory is an online, free and user-friendly platform that provides a
single access point to data and an analysis of clusters, cluster organizations
and regional microeconomic framework conditions in Europe.
Keywords: creative industries, cluster, innovation, software
Cuvinte cheie: industrii creative, cluster, inovare, soft

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29-28 ECONOMIA CIRCULARĂ ŞI DOMENIUL COMPONENTELOR ELECTRICE ŞI ELECTRONICE

CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND THE FIELD OF ELECTRONIC
AND ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
The continual decrease in the quantity of available non-regenerative
resources, together with the increase of the pressure for reduction of pollution
requires new views on production and consumption. Gradually stepping from a
linear economy to a circular one will certainly have a good impact, both from an
economic point of view, as from the environment’s point of view. One category
of products that were causing widespread pollution after the end of their use
and that has a big potential for recycling is the collection and reuse of certain
materials and the decrease in the environment’s pollution are DEEE products.
The electrical and electronic components’ of recycling is beneficial both for
business, as for the natural environment. Moreover, precious metals like gold or
silver can be recovered, in addition to more common metals.
Keywords: circular economy, recycling electrical and electronic
components, WEEE
Cuvinte cheie: economie circulară, reciclare, componente electrice şi
electronice, DEEE

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29-27 INOVAREA ŞI BREVETAREA CA SUPORT ESENŢIAL AL DEZVOLTĂRII ARMONIOASE A ŢĂRII

INNOVATION AND PATENT ESSENTIAL SUPPORT
HARMONIOUS DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY
As a continuation of previous work, this paper develops new areas
relative to the harmonious development of the country, especially related to
economic development based on local fruition international patent inventors.
Such a development can be achieved by legislative additions to greater cointerest
inventors and, especially, to co-interest and to upload material
responsible economic and political decision-makers to promote inventions local
professionals. This would achieve better results in fighting corruption, little
aspect analyzed by date.
Keywords: innovation, harmonious development, talent fruition, gross
domestic product/capita GDP/inhabitant, patent
Cuvinte cheie: inovare, dezvoltare armonioasă, fructificare talente,
produs intern brut / cap de locuitor PIB/loc, brevet de invenţie

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29-26 CERCETĂRI PRIVIND EVOLUȚIA POPULAŢIEI DIN ROMÂNIA

RESEARCH ON THE EVOLUTION OF
THE POPULATION IN ROMANIA
In this paper, the authors analysed the demographic evolution, given
that, currently, our country’s population, especially the rural is in an constant
decline and in an aging process. The decrease is due to the declining birth
rates and to the young people external migration. Another big part comes from
the massive reduction in birth rates, although any aspect of migration is not
negligible either, because those who have gone probably will not return back,
accelerating the effects of the decline in births. The research methodology used
was based on study of resources and documents and also on analysis and
synthesis of the information on population evolution in our country. At the end
of the paper, the authors founded that the persistence of an aging population,
due to the decrease of it, has dramatic consequences over the fewer active
people, who will have to maintain more inactive ones, and is a threat for any
social protection system.
Keywords: evolution, population, demography, Romania
Cuvinte cheie: evoluție, populație, demografie, România

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29-25 GENERAREA ASISTATA DE CALCULATOR A CICLIDEI PARABOLOIDULUI HIPERBOLIC

COMPUTER GRAPHISCHES ERZEUGUNG FÜR
CYCLIDISCHEFLACHE VON HYPERBOLISCHER
PARABOLOID
Diese Arbeit gibt eine eintache Methode fur das Computer graphische
Erzengung von Cyclidischeflache als Transformierte uber Umgekehie von
Hyperbolischerparaboloid, benutzend nur geometrische Elemente.
Stichwort: hyperbolischen Paraboloid Erzeugung analytischen und
grafischen AutoLISP
Cuvinte cheie: paraboloid hiperbolic, generare analitică și grafică,
AutoLISP

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29-24 ASUPRA UNOR PREOCUPĂRI ȘI MANIFESTĂRI UMANE

ABOUT SOME HUMAN PREOCUPATIONS AND
MANIFESTATIONS
„Living is fighting” said the ancient philosopher Seneca and he spoke
truth. The are some concerns to analyse: words, writing, self-improvements, as
well as some manifestations: hope, doubt, and all characteristic of Homo
sapiens. They are some virtues to rival, such as: honesty, respect for truth, and
self-improvements as ideal sources for acquiring mental strength and purity as
well.
Keywords: word, writing, perfection, hope, doubt, purity
Cuvinte cheie: cuvântul, scrisul, desăvârşirea, speranţa, îndoiala,
puritatea

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29-23 STUDIUL DIN PUNCT DE VEDERE DIDACTIC AL MECATRONICII

STUDY IN TERMS OF TEACHING MECHATRONICS
To keep up with technology mechatronics education system had to
adapt quickly. In 1984, an international conference on education in engineering
technology held in Germany, K.Yamazaky, professor at Toyohashi in Japan,
launched the idea that, Mechatronics is a major need for European research
and education programs”.
Universities have had to align educational programs so that
knowledge taught may include requirements of a specialist in mechatronics.
This paper addresses a study in terms of teaching mechatronics.
Keywords: mechatronics education, identity, legitimacy, selection,
communication
Cuvinte cheie: educaţie mecatronică, identitate, legitimitate, selecţie,
comunicare

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29-22 EVALUĂRI ŞI PERSPECTIVE ÎN GRAFICA TEHNICĂ

EVALUATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES IN TECHNICAL
GRAPHICS
The paper presents some relevant aspects about teaching and learning
technical graphics at Technical University of Cluj-Napoca. Using intuitive charts,
good and bad aspects of the graphics curricula are emphasized. Conclusions, in
order to improve the teaching activity, are also drawn.
Keywords: drawing, engineering graphics
Cuvinte cheie: desen tehnic, grafică inginerească

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29-21 DESPRE ASCENSOARE (LIFTURI). ASCENSOARE FĂRĂ CABLU

ABOUT ELEVATORS (LIFTS). LIFTS FREE CABLE
The current system is inefficient elevators and limiting cable with a
fairly large footprint and requires people to wait a long time for the next
elevator. Recently, the German multinational ThyssenKrupp Corporation
introduced a revolutionary concept of elevator multi-cabs without cables, which
shorten long waiting in tall buildings. And it can be used not only for vertical
movement, and for horizontal movement. The proposed system is similar to a
railway subway could integrate several cabins propelled and running in a loop,
passenger transport is ongoing in several cabins, thereby reducing waiting time
and can offer passengers access a lift every 15 seconds. Thus, the space
occupied by elevators can greatly reduce transport capacity can increase,
achieving savings in energy consumption.
Keywords: multi-elevator cabins without wires, benefits
Cuvinte cheie: ascensor multi-cabine fără cabluri, avantaje

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29-20 DESPRE ASCENSOARE (LIFTURI). UN SCURT ISTORIC

ABOUT ELEVATORS (LIFTS). A BRIEF HISTORY
Urbanization has a permanently increasing trend and dynamics.
Because space is increasingly limited buildable urban buildings will increase
vertical lifts (elevators) becoming a key technology. The paper presents a brief
history of the emergence and development of lifts (elevators).
Keywords: Elevator/Lift, brief history, famous inventors
Cuvinte cheie: ascensor/lift, scurt istoric, inventatori celebri

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29-19 ASPECTE PRIVIND CONCEPŢIA, PROIECTAREA ŞI REALIZAREA PRACTICĂ A UNUI PROTOTIP EXPERIMENTAL DE MINIROBOT – “ROBOT DRONE”– IMPLEMENTAT ÎN IDENTIFICAREA ŞI LIMITAREA AMENINŢĂRILOR TERORISTE

ASPECTS REGARDING THE CONCEPT, DESIGN AND
PRACTICAL DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL
MINIROBOT PROTOTYPE – “ROBOT DRONE” – USED
IN THE IDENTIFICATION AND LIMITATION OF THE
TERRORIST THREATS
The authors of the present scientific contributions, wishing to ensure
the mission success of the counterterrorism units and subunits, tried to bring
forward the conception, design and development of an EOD (Explosive
Ordnance Disposal) experimental prototype of a minirobot with an incorporated
drone, able to neutralize or limit the danger arising from terrorist threats and the
possibility of its implementation in special reconnaissance actions. The paper
focuses on the aspects of the organology and the overall presentation of the
mechanical structure of a minirobot, designed and built with incorporated drone
on programming of biometric sensors with which it is provided as well as the
highlighting of the benefits arising from the use of the functional prototype in
special missions of insurance, restoration and maintenance of order and public
safety.
Keywords: minirobot wheeled advanced military technologies,
„partnership” human – artificial, modularized structure, drone, special
applications
Cuvinte cheie: minirobot pe roţi, tehnologii militare avansate,
“parteneriat” uman-artificial, structură modularizată, dronă, aplicaţii speciale

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29-18 ARMATA PREZENTULUI – ÎNTRE (RE)UMANIZARE ŞI ROBOTIZARE

THE PRESENT ARMY – BETWEEN (RE) HUMANIZATION
AND ROBOTICS
This paper represents an embodiment of the continuing concerns
expressed towards a responsible use of intelligence and also shows confidence
in the power of education to correct harmful behaviors that risk to transform
technology – in general – and robotic military technologies – in particular – into
a tool of abuse, domination and control of the powerful against the weak; it
warns deciding factors in the military environment on the need to invest in
equipment’s that are fully consistent with diversity and today’s challenges, but
also represent a first rank ally in the direction of protecting both human factor,
and the planet’s health. It also calls for the (re)assessment of the way its own
relationship with robotic technologies is perceived, emphasizing the importance
of keeping that percentage of the humanity existing in all of us, to prevent the
transformation of Rodney A. Brooks’ words into reality: “robots will become
more like us, and we will become more like them”. It also warns teachers that
besides polishing intelligences during the years of study, it is necessary to
create an environment where its carriers can generate fertile ideas and daring
projects still placed under the sign of technological humanism (in the absence
of the general human values, intelligence risks to become a lethal weapon!)
Keywords: humanism technologically advanced military technologies,
„partnership ” human – artificial, technological progress – progress moral
Cuvinte cheie: umanism tehnologic, tehnologii militare avansate,
“parteneriat” uman-artificial, progres tehnologic – progres moral

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29-17 ISTORIA ŞI METODOLOGIA FIZICII VIDULUI. PARTEA a III-a. FIZICA VIDULUI DE LA DESCOPERIREA PRESIUNII ATMOSFERICE ÎNCOACE

HISTORY AND METODOLOGY OF VACUUM PHYSICS
PART III. VACUUM PHYSICS FROM DISCOVERY OF
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE UNTIL PRESENT DAY
In the third part of the paper it is described the history and methodology
of physics since the discovery of atmospheric pressure vacuum. The decisive
contributions of vacuum physics to collapse system concepts inherited from the
ancient Greeks and canonized by the medieval Christians and Muslims
theologians is shown. At the same time, the paper describes first physical,
chemical and biological experiments performed in vacuum space and shows
the difficulties in explaining the nature of emptiness.
Particular attention is given to the concept of ether in the history of
science and philosophy and concept of vacuum in the science and modern
technique. It is shown the distinct difference between the notion of technical
vacuum (classical) and the physical vacuum. Finally, the evolution of the
concept of vacuum in the materialist philosophy, science and technology is
summarized.
Keywords: atom, molecule, void, vacuum, ether, technical vacuum,
physical vacuum, the mean free path length, Knudsen number, flow
Cuvinte cheie: atom, moleculă, spaţiu gol, vid, eter, vid tehnic, vid fizic,
lungimea drumului liber mediu, număr Knudsen, curgere

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29-16 ISTORIA ŞI METODOLOGIA FIZICII VIDULUI. PARTEA a II-a. DESCOPERIREA PRESIUNII ATMOSFERICE ŞI PRĂBUŞIREA MITULUI „ORORII DE VID”

HISTORY AND METODOLOGY OF VACUUM PHYSICS
PART II. THE DISCOVERY OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE „ABHORS VACUUM” MYTH
Based on extensive documentation and a rigorous selection of the
bibliography, the paper presents the main facts and historical moments that led
to the discovery of atmospheric pressure and vacuum in 1643. The first
experiment showed that actual vacuum production was monitored and carried
out in 1641 by Gasparo Berti, who designed and tested the first water
barometer. The discovery of atmospheric pressure and vacuum favored the
invention of the mercury barometer in 1644, the air pump in 1654 and
gunpowder engine in 1678. The paper shows the contributions of Galileo
Galilei, Evangelista Torricelli, Blaise Pascal and Otto von Guericke to dispel the
myth ,,horror vacuum” and founding scientific bases of vacuum physics.
Keywords: abhors vacuum, vacuum force error, space vacuum,
atmospheric pressure, barometer, air pump, water pump, gunpowder engine
Cuvinte cheie: oroare de vid, forţa de oroare a vidului, spaţiu vid,
presiune atmosferică, barometru, pompă de aer, pompă de apă, motor cu praf
de puşcă

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29-15 ISTORIA ŞI METODOLOGIA FIZICII VIDULUI. PARTEA I-a. CONCEPTUL DE VID ÎN ISTORIA ŞTIINŢEI ŞI FILOSOFIEI ANTICE ŞI MEDIEVALE

HISTORY AND METODOLOGY OF VACUUM PHYSICS
PART I. HISTORICAL CONCEPT OF VACUUM WITHIN
ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY
The paper presents the main aspects and concept of the evolution of
vacuum in the ancient and medieval history of science and philosophy. It is
obvious that even in ancient times vacuum was at the center of philosophical
controversy of two antagonistic conceptions. Naturalist philosophers believed
that the universe consists of atoms and absolutely empty space without of
matter. In contrast to the materialistic school Ionian philosophers have
proposed the idea on the continuity of matter and the impossibility of existence
of voids, Aristotle’s idea was further developed by postulate ,,nature abhors a
vacuum”.
False teaching about Aristotle’s concept of vacuum dominated science
and philosophy until the middle of the XVII th century, taking in the era of the
,,darkness” of the Middle Ages even a mystical religious forms. Particular
attention is given to the concept of vacuum in science and philosophy of Arab
Muslim and application of physical properties of thin air for operating technical
means in the Greek period.
Keywords: universe, nature, matter, motion, atom, void, vacuum, pump,
air, water, nature abhors vacuum
Cuvinte cheie: univers, natură, materie, mişcare, atom, spaţiu gol, vid,
pompă, aer, apă, natura are oroare de vid

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