Mircea BEJAN


25-23 SĂPUNUL – Partea a II-a

SOAP – Part II
Soap is a salt of a fatty acid, with metals or amines, resulting from the
process of saponification. How general, soap is made up by: 1. which fats and
oils; 2. neutralization of fatty acids with alkanes. It presents a brief history of
soap, to obtain and use it. It details the Aleppo soap, black soap and soap RIF.
The company Colgate-Palmolive, a multinational company of consumer
products based on production, distribution and provision of household, health
care and personal products (soaps, detergents, toothpaste, tooth brushes),
represents a model for soap. Under the „Hill”, provides veterinary products.
Keywords: soap, historian, obtaining, Aleppo soap, black soap, soap
RIF, Colgate-Palmolive Company
Cuvinte cheie: săpun, istoric, obținere, săpun de Alep, săpun negru,
săpun RIF, Compania Colgate-Palmolive
Descarcare text


25-22 SĂPUNUL – Partea I-a

SOAP – Part I-a
Soap is a salt of a fatty acid, with metals or amines, resulting from the
process of saponification. How general, soap is made up by: 1. which fats and
oils; 2. neutralization of fatty acids with alkanes. It presents a brief history of
soap, to obtain and use it. It details the Aleppo soap, black soap and soap RIF.
The company Colgate-Palmolive, a multinational company of consumer
products based on production, distribution and provision of household, health
care and personal products (soaps, detergents, toothpaste, tooth brushes),
represents a model for soap. Under the „Hill”, provides veterinary products.
Keywords: soap, historian, obtaining, Aleppo soap, black soap, soap
RIF, Colgate-Palmolive Company
Cuvinte cheie: săpun, istoric, obținere, săpun de Alep, săpun negru,
săpun RIF, Compania Colgate-Palmolive
Descarcare text


25-21 CEL MAI MARE ACCELERATOR DE PARTICULE DIN LUME, Partea a II-a,

THE LARGEST PARTICLE ACCELERATOR
IN THE WORLD
Part II
Particle accelerator is a comprehensive facility used in the field of high
energy physics to accelerate elementary particles. The accelerator is used to
study the elementary particles and the structure of the atomic nucleus.
European Organization for nuclear research-CERN, the world’s largest
laboratory for elementary particle research. CERN has put in place, on 10
September 2008, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a giant particle accelerator,
aimed at discovering the secrets of the universe. Is a project thought since the
early 1980s, working since 1998.
Considering the particularities of the LHC, the results obtained and
future particle accelerators.
Keywords: particle accelerator, European Organization for nuclear
research-CERN, the Higgs boson, the particle accelerator gigantic Large
Hadron Collider (LHC)
Cuvinte cheie: accelerator de particule, Organizația Europeană pentru
Cercetare Nucleară – CERN, bosonul Higgs, acceleratorul de particule gigantic
Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
Descarcare text


25-20 CEL MAI MARE ACCELERATOR DE PARTICULE DIN LUME

THE LARGEST PARTICLE ACCELERATOR IN THE WORLD – I
Particle accelerator is a comprehensive facility used in the field of high
energy physics to accelerate elementary particles. The accelerator is used to
study the elementary particles and the structure of the atomic nucleus.
European Organization for nuclear research-CERN, the world’s largest
laboratory for elementary particle research. CERN has put in place, on 10
September 2008, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a giant particle accelerator,
aimed at discovering the secrets of the universe. Is a project thought since the
early 1980s, working since 1998.
Considering the particularities of the LHC, the results obtained and
future particle accelerators.
Keywords: particle accelerator, European Organization for nuclear
research-CERN, the Higgs boson, the particle accelerator gigantic Large
Hadron Collider (LHC)
Cuvinte cheie: accelerator de particule, Organizația Europeană pentru
Cercetare Nucleară – CERN, bosonul Higgs, acceleratorul de particule gigantic
Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
Descarcare text


25-9 CONSIDERAȚII PRIVIND PUBLICAREA UNOR ARTICOLE ȘTIINȚIFICE

CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING PUBLICATION OF
SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES
In this paper, the authors are making some considerations regarding
the journals classification, different types of papers, general structure of the
articles and publishing procedures.
Keywords: scientific article, journals, indexing, articles structure
Cuvinte cheie: articol științific, reviste, indexare, structura articolelor
Descarcare text


25-8 O IMPRESIONANTĂ LUCRARE INGINEREASCĂ. TUNELUL FEROVIAR SAINT GOTHARD – ELVEŢIA

AN IMPRESSIVE ENGINEERING WORK.
SAINT GOTHARD RAIL TUNNEL – SWITZERLAND
In the last 25 years, the segment between Lugano and Zurich, the
traffic of trucks has increased 12 times. For the purpose of streamlining
transport and for the expansion of the Swiss rail network, because each year
through the tunnel will pass 6 million passengers and 50 million tons of cargo,
after 10 years of studies and 15 years of construction, materialized construction
of Saint-Gothard tunnel.
What is Saint Gothard?
1. Mountain range in the Alps Lepontine (Switzerland, max. 3,192 m),
consisting of crystalline, Granites South and streets. 2. Pass from long, 26 km,
located at 2,108 m altitude, on the border with Switzerland and Italy, which
provide the link between the two countries in the area of Reuss and Ticino
valleys. 3. Rail Tunnel, located 1,154 m high, built in the years 1872-1882,
between the villages of Airolo (Italy) and Andermatt (Switzerland), assigned for
a distance of 15 km from the Saint-Gothard. 4. Road tunnel, 16.3 km long,
opened to traffic in 1980, ensuring links between the settlements of Airolo (Italy)
and Andermatt (Switzerland). 5. The longest rail tunnel in the world, which
should enter into service in the year 2017, the core piece of the expansion of
the Swiss rail network.
Keywords: mountain range, passing the railway tunnel, the transalpine
road tunnel, the Swiss rail network expansion
Cuvinte cheie: masiv muntos, trecătoare transalpină, tunel feroviar,
tunel rutier, extindere rețea feroviară elvețiană
25-8


25-6 O DEZVOLTARE ARMONIOASĂ A ŢĂRII

A HARMONIOUS DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY
Inventions can sustain civilization and can make countries thrive too.
To thrive and grow harmoniously, the country needs to discover and highlight
the talented and to achieve a lot of international inventions. They must be used
first in the country, to gain them credibility and then, to optimally exploit this
through massive export of patented goods.
Keywords: harmonious development, objective, ideal, patent
Cuvinte cheie: dezvoltare armonioasă, obiectiv, ideal, brevet
Descarcare text


17-19 ASUPRA CALCULULUI ANALITIC AL FIABILITĂłII

SUR LE CALCUL ANALYTIQUE DE LA FIABILITE
Le travail présente une étude de synthèse sur le calcul analytique de
la fiabilité. La fiabilité d’un objet, d’un élément, d’une composante ou d’un
système est une fonction de temps F(t), définie comme ça: la probabilité qui,
dans des conditions de l’environnement données et bien spécifiées, permets a
l’objet de fonctionner adenter, en mentant les paramètres préétablis dans
l’intervalle de temps (0, t). On a suivi l’algorithme de calcul de la fiabilité sur la
base des certaines prémisses.
Cuvinte cheie: fiabilitate, funcŃie de distribuŃie a căderilor, densitate de
probabilitate, buna funcŃionare, timp de funcŃionare fără defecŃiuni

19 ASUPRA CALCULULUI ANALITIC


17-18 DEFECTAREA SAU CĂDEREA – COMPONENTĂ IMPORTANTĂ A FIABILITĂłII

LE DEFECT OU LA TOMBEE
– COMPOSANTE IMPORTANTE DE LA FIABILITE
On présente une étude sur le defect ou la tombée, en faisant une
synthèse des taxonomies du defect ou de la tombée et des temps de
fonctionnement. Le defect ou la tombée est la perte de la capacité de
fonctionnement d’une pièce, un dispositif, une machine, une installation, un
procès technologique a cause des defects techniques ou technologiques, liés
au projet, a la fabrication l’exploitation. De même, on a suivi un algorithme de
calcul analytique du defect ou delà tombée.
Cuvinte cheie: defectare, cădere, timpi de funcŃionare, taxonomiile
defectării sau căderii, algoritm de calcul

18 DEFECTAREA SAU CĂDEREA


17-9 PLANUL ÎNCLINAT SI UNELE MINUNI TEHNICE (II)

SLOPE AND SOME WONDERFUL TECHNICAL
Slope is used to lift heavy bodies to a certain height, the force should
be lower than if the movement direction vertically. Inclined plane principle is
used in many outstanding technical achievements: Slope Arzviller Saint-Louis;
in the river Yenissei Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Ronquier channel Charleroi-
Brussels, Belgium; hoists or Siclăul (Fairy Valley area), the city of Covasna,
Romania etc., issues addressed in this paper.
Cuvinte cheie: plan înclinat, realizări tehnice deosebite, Planul înclinat
Saint-Louis-Arzviller

9 PLANUL ÎNCLINAT SI UNELE MINUNI TEHNICE (II)


17-8 PLANUL ÎNCLINAT SI UNELE MINUNI TEHNICE (I)

SLOPE AND SOME WONDERFUL TECHNICAL
Slope is used to lift heavy bodies to a certain height, the force should
be lower than if the movement direction vertically. Inclined plane principle is
used in many outstanding technical achievements: Slope Arzviller Saint-Louis;
in the river Yenissei Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Ronquier channel Charleroi-
Brussels, Belgium; hoists or Siclăul (Fairy Valley area), the city of Covasna,
Romania, etc., issues addressed in this paper.
Cuvinte cheie: plan înclinat, realizări tehnice deosebite, Planul înclinat
Saint-Louis-Arzviller, Ronquier, Planul înclinat Covasna

8 PLANUL ÎNCLINAT SI UNELE MINUNI TEHNICE (I)


17-7 AMENAJAREA EUFRATULUI ÎN SIRIA

L’AMÉNAGEMENT DE L’EUPHRATE EN SYRIE
L’eau, c’est la vie. En Syrie, l’Euphrate est le fleuve le plus
remarquable. Il traverse l’est du pays en provenance de la Turquie au nord et
se dirige vers l’Irak à l’est. L’Euphrate fournit à la Syrie sa plus importante
ressource hydrique: environ la moitié du total de ses ressources renouvelables
estimées à 23 milliards de m3 pour une année hydrique moyenne. Trois
barrages ont été érigés: le barrage d’Al-Thawra à Tabqa et les deux barrages
régulateur Tishrun, en amont, et Al-Bath, en aval, de nature hydro-électrique.
Les barrages permettent la production de l’énergie électrique (2,5 milliards de
kWh/an).
Cuvinte cheie: Eufrat, amenajare hidroenergetică, Tell Zeidan,
proiectul Anatoliei de Sud-Est (GAP), barajul Tabka, lacul Al-Assad

7 AMENAJAREA EUFRATULUI ÎN SIRIA


17-2 SEBES 2010 – LOCUL DE ÎNTÂLNIRE AL INGINERILOR DE PRETUTINDENI

Poetul, filosoful si eseistul român Lucian BLAGA si nepotul
acestuia, profesorul Dorin PAVEL, ambii personalităŃi marcante ale
Sebesului, sunt profund răsplătite si des pomenite de edilii si locuitorii
municipiului Sebes. În memoria acestora, Festivalul Lucian Blaga1 si
ConferinŃa NaŃională multidisciplinară – cu
participare internaŃională „Profesorul Dorin Pavel –
fondatorul hidroenergeticii românesti” desfăsurate
la Sebes, de regulă, la sfârsitul lunii mai, începutul
lunii iunie a fiecărui an, constituie pilde de
adevărată cinstire a
individualităŃilor/personalităŃilor care au făcut
cunoscut la nivel naŃional si internaŃional un
municipiu de talia si vechimea Sebesului.

2 SEBES 2010 – LOCUL DE ÎNTÂLNIRE


18-3 CALITATEA MEDIULUI ÎN ZONA CENTRALĂ A MUNICIPIULUI CLUJ-NAPOCA

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY CENTRAL AREA
OF CLUJ-NAPOCA
Setting emission sources, their values, substances that are
discharged, the effect of substances on the environment, are issues before the
establishment of measures to be taken to reduce or eliminate pollutant
emissions. Determination of pollutant emissions and assessing the degree of
pollution in a uniform manner in all European Community countries must use a
single method of calculating the level of pollution. Monitoring of environmental
factors on agglomeration is important because it highlights the level of pollution
in a city, established source of pollution and may recommend appropriate
measures for its reduction.
Cuvinte cheie: poluare, valoare medie tolerabilă, valoare limită
tolerabilă, măsurători, pulberi în suspensie, gaze, monitorizare, factori de mediu

3 CALITATEA MEDIULUI ÎN ZONA CENTRALĂ


18-4 TEHNOLOGIE INOVATIVĂ DE DEPOLUARE TERMICĂ SI CHIMICĂ A EMISIILOR REZULTATE DIN PROCESELE TERMICE INDUSTRIALE

THERMAL AND CHEMICAL DEPOLLUTION FOR EMISSIONS
RESULTED FROM INDUSTRIAL THERMAL PROCESSES
Due to the Climates Changes Intergovernmental Comity (IPCC)
investigations, carbon dioxide is the most significant emitted warm effect gaze
from human activity. CO2 emitted quantity must be reduced and even stopped
regarding to the global treaties. Carbon dioxide concentration and recuperation
from thermal installation emitted gazes is the first major step in carbon dioxide
problem resolution. This desiderative cold be resolved thru vacuum absorption
(VSA) using molecules or absorbents for CO2 suppression from eliminated
gazes from thermal aggregates.
Cuvinte cheie: captare CO2, depoluare termică, depoluare chimică

4 TEHNOLOGIE INOVATIVĂ DE DEPOLUARE TERMICĂ


19-3 SEBEŞ 2011 – LOCUL DE ÎNTÂLNIRE AL INGINERILOR DE PRETUTINDENI

SEBEŞ 2011 – LOCUL DE ÎNTÂLNIRE AL INGINERILOR DE
PRETUTINDENI. Un titlu care a devenit lait motivul unei manifestări
ştiinţifice de prestigiu în arealul românesc. Un titlu ce consfinţeşte
contactele directe între ingineri, specialişti de diferite profesii,
efectuarea unui remarcabil şi însemnat schimb de idei, de rezultate şi
de păreri în diverse domenii inginereşti, întâmplări cu largi rezonanţe,
aflate la a XI-a ediţie.
Ingineria este o mare profesie. Inginerul este o lume reală
sau de vis, este miracol sau realitate, vis sau imaginaţie, teorie şi
practică, cultură şi tehnică, improvizaţie şi spirit de raţionament şi
de analiză. „Inginerul trebuie să aibă entuziasm, afecţiune, un pic de
romantism” spunea lingvistul român Iorgu Iordan. Spirit conciliant când
este vorba de interesele altuia, dar ferm şi dur când este vorba de
interesele, prestigiul sau realizările sale. Spirit deschis schimbărilor,
transigent/conciliant în ideile generale, dar intransigent şi flexibil în
ideile concrete. La rândul ei, ingineria este definită ca ştiinţa de a aplica
în practică descoperirile ştiinţifice pure precum matematica, fizica,
chimia, biologia etc.

3 SEBEŞ 2011 – LOCUL DE ÎNTÂLNIRE


19-6 DORIN PAVEL ŞI ARTELE VIZUALE

DORIN PAVEL AND VISUAL ARTS
Mioriţa Fountain is a monument in the capital, located on North Road,
Bucharest-Ploiesti, in the Folk Art Museum Dr. Nichols Minovici. In making the
Fountain Road Mioriţa contributed in 1927, her birth year, a formidable team:
sculptress Milita Petrascu, architect Octav Doicescu and Eng. Dorin Pavel. The
construction was executed by the architects Octav Doicescu plans, which is
decorated with mosaics, are made of Milita monument Petrascu. These
mosaics are an illustration of Mioriţa ballad, ballad name was borrowed for the
name of the monument. Besides Petrascu Milita, the fountain mosaic artist
worked and Mogoş Gheorghe Niculescu. Concept hydraulic engineering made
by Pavel Dorin engineer, was the blade of water and a fan-shaped permanent
pool of water recovery (basically only added what had evaporated), pool
surrounding the fountain.
Keywords: monument, fountain, Miorita mosaic illustrations, ballad,
hidrotehnică design, sheet of water, granite Dobrogea
Cuvinte cheie: monument, fântâna Mioriţa, mozaic, ilustraţii, balada,
concepţie hidrotehnică, pânză de apă, granit de Dobrogea

6 DORIN PAVEL ŞI ARTELE VIZUALE


19-10 OBIECTIVUL MAJOR ACTUAL AL ROMÂNIEI Mircea BEJAN, Gheorghe VERTAN, Lucian-Corneliu OCOLIŞAN, Mihai DIMITRIU, Gheorghiţă PANDELEA, Dumitru GÂRDAN

ROMANIAN ACTUAL MAJOR OBJECTIVE
Statistical data and studies can explain the Romanian actual
economical situation. They can indicate the unique solution for increasing the
gross domestic product per capita GDP/capita and life level until at least the
medium UE level, continuously growing.
Romania has great natural wealth, and though it won numerous
medals at international exhibitions of inventions in Geneva, the EU has every
million inhabitants [3], the fewest international patents.
Keywords: Gross domestic product per capita, living standards, patent
Cuvinte cheie: produs intern brut pe cap de locuitor, nivel de trai, brevet

10 OBIECTIVUL MAJOR ACTUAL AL ROMÂNIEI


19-11 ENERGETICA NUCLEARĂ – PRO ŞI CONTRA Partea I

NUCLEAR ENERGY – PROS AND AGAINST – Part I
In January 2011, in 29 countries worldwide are operating 442 nuclear
reactors for electricity generation and 65 new nuclear plants are under
construction. In 2009, nuclear power plants in operation, have secured 14% of
world electricity production. Mainly, 16 countries rely on nuclear energy to
provide at least a quarter of their total electricity needed. Because high power
nuclear plants, waste products and the risks of using a nuclear reactor to make
a choice controversial, states with different attitudes regarding nuclear energy.
In Romania’s geographical area is under construction or design more Russian
nuclear reactors in the foreground, is deploying offensive Russian nuclear
attack: 12 reactors per 1,000 km of borders of Romania. After the disaster in
Japan, the future of nuclear energy is a subject of contention in many states,
and existing plants are subject to new safety testing in case of natural disaster.
The paper analyzes the situation of nuclear power in the world, noting
the advantages and disadvantages.
Keywords: electricity, nuclear reactors, nuclear power, natural
disaster, Chernobyl, Fukushima, earthquake, tsunami
Cuvinte cheie: energie electrică, reactoare nucleare, centrale
nucleare, dezastru natural, Cernobîl, Fukushima, cutremur, tsunami

11 ENERGETICA NUCLEARĂ – PRO ŞI CONTRA


19-12 ENERGETICA NUCLEARĂ – PRO ŞI CONTRA Partea a II-a

NUCLEAR ENERGY – PROS AND AGAINST – Part II
Undoubtedly, nuclear power will make a substantial contribution to
achieving sustainable electricity total. Many voices say nuclear energy: has fewer
emissions of pollutants, is effective, safe and soon it will reach the bottom of the
bag on oil, coal and gas. But nuclear plants do not operate simply clean. The
risks of nuclear power include: the risk of major accidents (like Chernobyl or the
Fukushima Daiichi), leakage of radioactive substances that can damage both the
environment and human health in the area, disposal of radioactive waste
resulting from the operation, the proliferation of nuclear weapons (in reactors use
natural uranium as fuel, as is the Cernavoda, it can produce plutonium used in
nuclear weapons, as happened in India in 1974 and later) etc.
Keywords: Chernobyl disaster, the disaster at Fukushima Daiichi,
standards, perspectives
Cuvinte cheie: dezastrul de la Cernobîl, catastrofa de la Fukushima
Daiichi, standarde, perspective

12 ENERGETICA NUCLEARĂ – PRO ŞI CONTRA


19-19 PODURI DE DIFERITE CONSTRUCŢII

BUILDING BRIDGES OF DIFFERENT
The bridge is a construction, the category of works of art, designed to
overcome an obstacle (river valley, communication means) passing over them.
In general, bridges are built over vast valleys, over rivers or linking the
mainland and island. Bridges are analyzed by the materials used, by structure,
by purpose, openings, are building, etc.
This paper presents some bridge construction in the country and
abroad.
Keywords: bridge, structure, materials, openings, building way,
destination country and abroad bridges
Cuvinte cheie: pod, structură, materiale, deschideri, mod de
construcţie, destinaţie, poduri din ţară şi străinătate

19 PODURI DE DIFERITE CONSTRUCŢII


19-67 UTILIZAREA DEŞEURILOR CA SURSĂ ALTERNATIVĂ DE ENERGIE

USING WASTE AS AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE
Urban waste in storage can be an inexhaustible source of energy.
Under the action of bacteria, an organic substance from waste undergoes
anaerobic reduction as a result the significant amount of biogas, which contains
an average of over 50 % methane, which has a high calorific value. These
gases can be captured by a network of pipes, filters, dryers can be fuel for an
internal combustion engine driving a generator, or can be liquefied. Thus from
the waste, obtain electricity, clean energy and easy to carry. In this way all
urban landfills in Romania can become energy producers. The benefits are
enormous, in that energy from waste sites and biogas is captured with a more
powerful greenhouse gases than carbon dioxide.
Keywords: waste, alternative energy source, biogas, greenhouse, gas
Cuvinte cheie: deşeuri, sursă alternativă de energie, biogaz, efect de
seră, gaz metan

67 UTILIZAREA DEŞEURILOR CA SURSĂ


19-94 STUDIUL ANALITIC ŞI NUMERIC AL DEPLASĂRILOR PENTRU O GRINDĂ ARTICULATĂ

THE ANALYTICAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY
OF DISPLACEMENTS FOR AN ARTICULATED BEAM
In this paper had realized an analytical and numerical study to
determine the displacements and stresses for an articulated square beam
loaded to bending. To realize this study had considered the following two
cases: a) the beam is continuous and b) the beam has a joint in the middle. For
numerical analysis had used the ANSYS 12.1 (for static and dynamic analysis)
and RDM software and for analytical study had used the relations from
literature.
Keywords: articulated beam, displacements, stresses, finite element
Cuvinte cheie: grindă articulată, deplasări, tensiuni, elemente finite

94 STUDIUL ANALITIC ŞI NUMERIC AL


20-28 METODE DE DETERMINARE A ACIDULUI FORMIC (HCOOH)

SOME DETERMINATION METHODS OF
FORMIC ACID (HCOOH)
This paper is a short review about synthesis and determination
methods of formic acid from solution mixtures. Formic acid is used in many
industries such as textiles, natural rubber, in agriculture, as well as for
cosmetics, disinfectants, detergents, medicines, to controlling acidity against
microbial growth, fuel for power cells etc. In the same time is considered an
environmental pollutant, so the principal method for determination is the titration
process. Another methods mentioned in the literature are enzymatic method
and catalytic oxidation method.
Keywords: formic acid, formic acid determination methods, linear
voltammetry
Cuvinte cheie: acid formic, metode de determinare acid formic,
voltametrie liniară

28 METODE DE DETERMINARE A ACIDULUI


20-79 AUTOMOBILE ELECTRICE – Partea I

ELECTRIC CARS – Part I
In recent years, in all countries, urban transport pose specific
problems and produce significant damage to political, social and environmental
(pollution, noise, and stress). The best solution to problems of environmental
pollution is electric vehicle (EV) as an alternative means of transport.
Electric car is a vehicle that uses an electric motor as a drive with
electric power from a source, usually battery. The major advantages of electric
car are fuel economy, pollution near zero outside production, efficiency/high
yield, instant acceleration, very low noise, easy maintenance by eliminating
much of the classic motor car. High price and low autonomy are barriers to the
success of such vehicles. Over nearly two decades, 86 % of cars in circulation
will be powered by conventional motors. However, they have several
disadvantages. Major disadvantages are high cost, relatively high load time,
lifetime low of about 3-5 years, reduced autonomy max. 300 km. Batteries are
reducing capacity by 50 % or more at temperatures below 10 0C and above 40
0C and tend to overheat and even explode under certain conditions. In 1996,
the first serial production electric car, EV1 (Electric Vehicle 1), were
manufactured in the U.S. by General Motors, and circulated on California
roads. Although General Motors has built and launched on the market between
the years 1996-1999 the first electric car, EV1 was withdrawn and recycled to
pressure oil companies and the argument of lack of market demand.
Lithium batteries have been proposed for the first time in 70 years, but
their sale started only after 20 years. Lithium is a metallic substance such as
highly volatile and corrosive, which reacts violently with many other substances.
Corrosive properties of lithium are strongly enhanced with increasing
temperature, leading to accelerated oxidation coatings and the membranes that
separate the battery components, leading eventually to irreversible damage.
Much lighter than regular batteries, rechargeable, usually made of nickel
components with better performance and longer life Li-ion cells were deejay Li-
553
ion cells have been used for proper laptops and mobile phones. Using lithium
batteries to power electric vehicles involves ensuring some form of Li ion
batteries, many experts feel that the technology is ready for the first generation
of electric vehicles. The year 2008 is the de facto beginning of the era in allelectric
vehicle range. This year she has launched various marketing concepts
battery with a relatively high yield and affordable. Thus, it is expected that by
2010-2015 an electric car can be manufactured on a large scale performance
series at a price close to the price of petrol cars.
Keywords: electric cars, history, advantages, disadvantages, power
electric vehicles
Cuvinte cheie: automobile electrice, istoric, avantaje, dezavantaje,
alimentarea autovehiculelor electrice

79 AUTOMOBILE ELECTRICE – Partea I


20-80 AUTOMOBILE ELECTRICE – Partea a II-a

ELECTRIC CARS – Part II
The best solution to problems of environmental pollution is electric
vehicle (EV) as an alternative means of transport. Electric car is a vehicle that
uses an electric motor as a drive with electric power from a source, usually
battery. Over nearly two decades, 86 % of cars in circulation will be powered by
conventional motors. The year 2008 is the de facto beginning of the era in allelectric
vehicle range. This year she has launched various marketing concepts
battery with a relatively high yield and affordable. Thus, it is expected that by
2010-2015 an electric car can be manufactured on a large scale performance
series at a price close to the price of petrol cars. A study by University of
California at Berkeley shows that about 86 % of cars running on the streets will
be electric in 2030. The percentage is subject to the emergence of centres of
charge or change batteries developed globally so far. Automakers shift to
electric car, because, they say, is the solution to this deadlock international
profile of the industry.
It presents – in short characterization – some electric cars (or hybrid) of
some car manufacturers and world renowned specialist on such cars: Nissan,
Renault, Renault Nissan Alliance, Miles, Myers, Aptera, Phoenix, Shelby,
Mitsubishi, Peugeot, Continental, Johnson Controls, Saft, Tesla (Tesla
Roadster 2008) Phoenix Motors (U.S. SUV Phoenix, Phoenix SUT 2008),
Lightning (Lightning GT fastest UK electric car far without recharging 2008/700
CP/400 km/1-100 km/h in 4 seconds/price about euro 220,000), General
Motors (Chevrolet Volt U.S.), Toyota (JP), Mercedes (Germany), Opel
(Germany – Amper, 2011), Citroen (France Citroën C Zero, 2010) etc.
Keywords: electric cars, Nissan, Renault, Renault Nissan Alliance, Miles,
Myers, Aptera, Phoenix, Shelby, Mitsubishi, Peugeot, Phoenix Motors etc.
Cuvinte cheie: automobile electrice, Nissan, Renault, Renault Nissan Alliance,
Miles, Myers, Aptera, Phoenix, Shelby, Mitsubishi, Peugeot, Phoenix Motors etc.

80 AUTOMOBILE ELECTRICE – Partea a II-a


20-101 CONSIDERAŢII ASUPRA UZURII TEHNICE DE ADERENŢĂ

CONSIDERATIONS SUR L’USURE TECHNIQUE
D’ADHÉRENCE
Le travail présente quelques considérations sur l’usure d’adhérence,
avec référence aux pompes des machines pour la protection des plantes. La
modification de la qualité des surfaces au cours d’un mouvement relatif par
l’intervention d’un facteur chimique des substances pompées, amène, assez
souvent, au blocage, par apparition de l’usure d’adhérence. Au début, on a fait
une classification générale des usures et on a donné les principaux paramètres
qui caractérisent l’usure d’adhérence. On a donné après, la loi de base de
l’usure d’adhérence et quelques considérations sue le coefficient de l’usure
d’adhérence. Avec des essais complexes, dans des conditions
d’environnement et de sollicitations diverses, on peut établir des algorithmes de
calcul du niveau de l’usure d’adhérence, le plus proche de la réalité.
Mots-clés: usure adhésive, l’usure à vitesse moyenne, l’intensité de
l’usure ou le taux d’usure, usure spécifique, l’usure relative, coefficient d’usure,
résistance à l’usure, le risque
Cuvinte cheie: uzura de aderenţă, viteză medie de uzură, intensitatea
uzurii sau ritmul uzurii, uzură specifică, uzură relativă, coeficient de uzură,
rezistenţă la uzură, risc

101 CONSIDERAŢII ASUPRA UZURII TEHNICE


20-102 UZURI SPECIFICE ALE COMPONENTELOR POMPELOR DE LA MAŞINILE PENTRU PROTECŢIA PLANTELOR

PIÈCES SPECIFIQUES DES POMPES PORTER
POUR LA PROTECTION DES MACHINES DE PLANTES
Le travail présente les principaux types d’usures qui apparaissent aux
pompes des machines pour la protection des plantes. Pendant le
fonctionnement d’un system technique, appraising des usuriers, dues aux
frictions et aux agressions physique et/ou chimiques, usures qui modifient
géométriquement, dimensionnelle et structurale, les qualités fonctionnelles du
système. Les usures bessent les performances fonctionnelles du mécanisme.
La connaissance de la spécificité et des limites de ces usures, dans des
conditions complexes où elles se passent, a un caractère empirique. Celle-ci
implique une observation attentive de toutes les zones et de tous les types
d’usures, qui, dans le cas des pompes des machines pour les travaux pour la
protection des plantes, sont influencées différemment par l’agressivité chimique
des substances pompées.
L’optimisation de la relation prix de revient sécurité en fonctionnement
(fiabilité et maintenance) amène a un degré élevé d’utilisation des pompes,
avec le maintien constant des paramètres de fonctionnement, qui peut se faire
seulement par des essais complexes, dans des différentes conditions de
matériau et d’environnement.
Mots-clés: usure, pompes à piston, pompes centrifuges et pompes à
rouleaux, palettes de vitesses, pompes à lobes, pompes à membrane, pompes
péristaltiques spécifiques
Cuvinte cheie: uzura specifică, pompe cu piston, pompe centrifuge,
pompe cu role şi paleţi, pompe cu roţi dinţate, pompe cu lobi, pompe cu
membrană, pompe peristaltice

102 UZURI SPECIFICE ALE COMPONENTELOR POMPELOR


23-8 EVOLUŢIA ECONOMICĂ A ROMÂNIEI

ECONOMICHAL EVOLUTION OF ROMANIA
Before and after EU accession, statistics show a modest position of
Romania in the EU and its lack of improvement over time, the absolute value of
GDP/capita (taken in $), the relative value of GDP/inhabitant (considered as %
of EU average) and, worse, a worsening world order number NOM, i.e. the
number of orders in the list of world states considered in descending order of
GDP/capita. The situation can be explained by statistical data on the number of
international patents for invention obtained by each country. Currently have
GDP/high only countries that have large natural resources and capitalizes
intensive, especially those related to the number of inhabitants, have many
international patents. Romania last in EU is the U.S. patents and European
patents. Details given this situation, the paper indicates only way to improve the
situation.
Cuvinte cheie: produs intern brut pe cap de locuitor, nivel de trai, brevet
Keywords: gross domestic product per capita, standard of living, patent

23-8 EVOLUŢIA ECONOMICĂ A ROMÂNIEI


23-13 DESPRE INVENȚII ȘI INVENTATORI

ABOUT INVENTIONS AND INVENTORS
An invention is a solution or a technical achievement in a field of
knowledge which shows the progress from the novelty stage known until then.
An invention is defined ”as a machine, a process, an improved etc.-new and
useful, which existed previously and which are recognized as the product of an
intuition or a unique genius, outstanding mechanical skills common or craft”
Henry Ford, founder of the American automotive industry; Swedish engineer
Alfred Nobel considered the inventor; American inventor Thomas Alva Edison,
the owner of the 1903 patent research, known in the whole world as the
inventor of the incandescent bulb; American engineer William BULLOCK in
1863 invention of which revolutionized the industry tipăritului: a more efficient
and more press. But his was the one that finally brought death. Only a few
inventions and those which they have achieved. This is the message of the
paper.
Cuvinte cheie: inventator, invenții, dinamită, brevet, presă eficientă și
rapidă
Keywords: inventor, inventions, dynamite, patent, efficient and quick
release

23-13 DESPRE INVENȚII ȘI INVENTATORI


23-22 NANOTEHNOLOGIA – TEHNOLOGIA VIITORULUI APROPIAT

NANOTECHNOLOGY-TECHNOLOGY
OF THE NEAR FUTURE
Nanotechnology is a collective term for Nano scale technology
customized development. Nanotechnology is manufacturing a product with a
geometric size controlled at least one functional component has a particle size
of less than 100 nanometres. Physicist Richard Phillips Feynman’s first man
spoke about the technologies at the molecular level. Nanotechnology is the
technology of the future, enabling the introduction of new functionality in a
product. For instance, Bucky balls can be crowded in the form of cylinders,
called „nanotubes”. Nanotubes are made from fibre that can be included in
various materials, which are incredibly resilient. Wall paints with carbon fibber
and carbon black particles of Nano size acts as a screen against 99 % of highfrequency
electromagnetic waves. The 30 year Nano robots complexes will
appear – Nano doctors. And the examples can continue.
Cuvinte cheie: nanotehnologii, tehnologii la nivel molecular,
nanotuburi, nanoroboți complecși
Keywords: nanotechnology, molecular-level technologies, nanotubes,
Nano robots complexes

23-22 NANOTEHNOLOGIA – TEHNOLOGIA


23-32 MUZEE ALE ȘTIINȚEI ȘI TEHNICII Partea I-a

MUSEUMS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY – I
The Museum of science and technology is a permanent institution
created for preserving, researching and displaying for training and educating
the public of the collection of objects of historical, scientific and technical.
Perhaps the first museum was established, the collection of paintings exhibited
in a wing of the Propileelor of Athens (5th century BC).
It presents briefly some of the most representative museums of
science and technology in Paris, London, Vienna, Munich, Germany, and
Amsterdam, as well as in Romania (Technical Museum Prof. Ing. Dimitrie
Leonida; National Military Museum „King Ferdinand I”; The Museum of science
and technology „Stefan Procopiu” etc.).
Praise of countries who will collect and display with pride the
collections of objects of historical, scientific and technical !
Cuvinte cheie: muzeu al științei și tehnicii, instruirea și educarea
publicului, muzee remarcabile
Keywords: Museum of science and technology, training and educating
the public, remarkable museums

23-32 MUZEE ALE ȘTIINȚEI ȘI TEHNICII


23-33 MUZEE ALE ȘTIINȚEI ȘI TEHNICII Partea a II-a

MUSEUMS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY – II
The Museum of science and technology is a permanent institution
created for preserving, researching and displaying for training and educating
the public of the collection of objects of historical, scientific and technical.
Perhaps the first museum was established, the collection of paintings exhibited
in a wing of the Propileelor of Athens (5th century BC).
It presents briefly some of the most representative museums of
science and technology in Paris, London, Vienna, Munich, Germany, and
Amsterdam, as well as in Romania (Technical Museum Prof. Ing. Dimitrie
Leonida; National Military Museum „King Ferdinand I”; The Museum of science
and technology „Stefan Procopiu” etc.).
Praise of countries who will collect and display with pride the
collections of objects of historical, scientific and technical !
Cuvinte cheie: muzeu al științei și tehnicii, instruirea și educarea
publicului, muzee remarcabile
Keywords: Museum of science and technology, training and educating
the public, remarkable museums

23-33 MUZEE ALE ȘTIINȚEI ȘI TEHNICII


23-34 MUZEE ALE ȘTIINȚEI ȘI TEHNICII Partea a III-a

MUSEUMS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY – III
The Museum of science and technology is a permanent institution
created for preserving, researching and displaying for training and educating
the public of the collection of objects of historical, scientific and technical.
Perhaps the first museum was established, the collection of paintings exhibited
in a wing of the Propileelor of Athens (5th century BC).
It presents briefly some of the most representative museums of
science and technology in Paris, London, Vienna, Munich, Germany, and
Amsterdam, as well as in Romania (Technical Museum Prof. Ing. Dimitrie
Leonida; National Military Museum „King Ferdinand I”; The Museum of science
and technology „Stefan Procopiu” etc.).
Praise of countries who will collect and display with pride the
collections of objects of historical, scientific and technical !
Cuvinte cheie: muzeu al științei și tehnicii, instruirea și educarea
publicului, muzee remarcabile
Keywords: Museum of science and technology, training and educating
the public, remarkable museums

23-34 MUZEE ALE ȘTIINȚEI ȘI TEHNICII


23-58 ANALIZA NUMERICĂ A TENSIUNILOR REMANENTE DINTR-O PIESĂ TURNATĂ

NUMERICAL ANALYSYS OF RESIDUAL STRESSES
IN A CASTING
In this paper, the authors study the evolution of the residual stresses
that arise in a water drinker (used in animal husbandry), during casting. The
residual stresses are determined by simulation using a numerical method
(control volume).
Cuvinte cheie: tensiuni remanente, turnare, simulare numerică,
adăpătoare
Keywords: residual stresses, casting, numerical simulation, water
drinker

23-58 ANALIZA NUMERICĂ A TENSIUNILOR REMANENTE


23-59 ANALIZA EXPERIMENTALĂ A TENSIUNILOR REMANENTE DINTR-O PIESĂ TURNATĂ

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSYS OF RESIDUAL STRESSES
IN A CASTING
In this paper, the authors study the residual stresses that arise in a
water drinker (used in animal husbandry). The residual stresses are being
determined experimentally using blind hole method.
Cuvinte cheie: tensiuni remanente, metoda găurii oarbe cu martor de
deformație, adăpătoare
Keywords: residual stresses, blind hole method, water drinker

23-59 ANALIZA EXPERIMENTALĂ A TENSIUNILOR REMANENTE DINTR-O PIESĂ TURNATĂ


23-63 CONSIDERAȚII ASUPRA VIBRAȚIILOR DIN SUSPENSIA VEHICULELOR FEROVIARE ȘI MĂSURAREA LOR

REFLECTIONS ON RAILWAY
VIBRATION VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS
Making a simple mechanical model railway vehicle must contain
masses suspended bogie and vehicle weight box connected by elastic and
dynamic elements. Thus, the suspension of railway vehicles consists of elastic
elements, connecting elements, and shock. Vibration measurements of elastic
element (or set of elastic elements) of a railway vehicle suspension requires a
stand to simulate operating conditions. This paper presents such a stand which
operates as a vibrator.
Cuvinte cheie: model mecanic, vibrații, suspensiile vehiculelor
feroviare, stand de simulare și măsurare, vibrator
Keywords: mechanical design, vibrations, suspension rail vehicle
simulation and measurement stand, vibrating

23-63 CONSIDERAȚII ASUPRA VIBRAȚIILOR DIN


23-64 CONSIDERAȚII DESPRE AMORTIZOARELE MAGNETOREOLOGICE LA VEHICULELE FROVIARE

MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL DAMPERS CONSIDERATIONS
RAILWAY VEHICLES
This paper presents with a new type of hydraulic damper cylinder in
which fluid is a special fluid called magneto rheological fluid. If this liquid is in a
magnetic field when it changes its rheological properties of.
The magnetic field is stronger with the increasing liquid viscosity.
Cuvinte cheie: lichid, amortizor, câmp magnetic, vâscozitate
Keywords: liquid, damper, magnetic field, viscozity

23-64 CONSIDERAȚII DESPRE AMORTIZOARELE MAGNETOREOLOGICE LA VEHICULELE FROVIARE


23-69 METODE DE DETERMINARE A CONSTANTELOR ELASTICE DE MATERIAL

METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE ELASTIC
CONSTANTS OF THE MATERIAL
The behaviour of materials under the action of the loads can be
characterized by using some physical constants, called mechanical
characteristics and material elastic.
The present research represents a synthesis of analytical and
experimental methods to determine those characteristics of material.
Cuvinte cheie: tracțiune, constantă elastică, tensiune
Keywords: traction, elastic constant, stress

23-69 METODE DE DETERMINARE A CONSTANTELOR ELASTICE DE MATERIAL


23-77 CONSIDERAȚII PRIVIND SOLICITAREA DINAMICĂ PRIN ȘOC A MATERIALULUI UZUAL UTILIZAT PENTRU PARAPETELE DE PROTECȚIE LA DRUMURI

CONSIDERATIONS ON DYNAMIC LOADING BY SHOCK OF
MATERIAL USUAL USED ON ROAD RESTRAINT SYSTEMS
This paper presents a presentation between the results of experiments
conducted by dynamic loading by shock of the material which is made the road
restraint systems, S235JR black and galvanized. For an appropriate safe level,
protection systems must absorb as much energy as possible during impact,
maintaining their integrity. Road restraint systems protect the road vehicles
from dangers, which are forwarded to the roadway minimizing serious injury.
Restraint deformed metal systems components are made of S235JR, S275JR
or other equivalent. After road restraint systems components execution, they
are promoted to the technological flow hot dip galvanizing, which are protected
against corrosion.
Cuvinte cheie: încărcare dinamică, șoc, S235JR, sisteme de reținere
rutiere
Keywords: dynamic loading, shock, S235JR, road restraint systems

23-77 CONSIDERAȚII PRIVIND SOLICITAREA DINAMICĂ PRIN ȘOC A MATERIALULUI UZUAL UTILIZAT


23-78 PROIECTAREA ȘI REALIZAREA PARAPETELOR DE PROTECȚIE LA DRUMURI UTILIZÂND INSTRUMENTE CAD/CAE

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ROAD RESTRAINT
SYSTEMS USING CAD/CAE INSTRUMENTS
The objective of this paper is to provide theoretical foundations for a
modern approach to design and execution of Road Restraint Systems using
CAD / CAE technology. The global stiffness of the road restraint system is
largely attributed to the design of the distance spacer in the initial phase of an
impact. How to make virtual modelling is based on using Solid Works software,
finite element analysis software using Hyper Mesh RADIOSS extension and
rapid prototyping for fast implementation of Road Restraint Systems
components. The paper present a new damper used to absorb the energy
produced during impact.
Cuvinte cheie: sistemele de reținere rutiere, CAD/CAE, amortizor
Keywords: road restraint systems, CAD/CAE, damper

23-78 PROIECTAREA ȘI REALIZAREA PARAPETELOR


24-30 GESTIONAREA ŞI RECICLAREA DEŞEURILOR ELECTRONICE

MANAGEMENT AND RECICLING OF ELECTRONIC WASTE
In this paper we present the waste electrical and electronic equipment
(WEEE), obsolete, which is one of the highest rates of growth at the global
level. The recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment can be
profitable when the constituent materials are recovered in the recycling
process. Waste electrical and electronic equipment, plastics and a range of
common metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, etc.) also contain precious metals: Au, Ag, Pt,
as well as rare material: indium, gallium and rare earth. In this paper are
presented and issues related to management systems and recycling process of
waste management of electrical and electronic equipment.
Cuvinte cheie: metale preţioase, materiale limitate-deșeuri de
echipamente electrice și electronice, colectare, reciclare
Keywords: precious metals, materials limited-waste electrical and
electronic equipment, collection, recycling

30 GESTIONAREA ŞI RECICLAREA DEŞEURILOR ELECTRONICE


21-107 METODE DE DETERMINARE A REZISTENȚEI LA OBOSEALĂ partea a Il-a

METODHS FOR DETERMINING THE RESISTANCE
TO FATIGUE – II
Although the total number of parts that break during service is not
great, however over 50 % of the breaks are caused by fatigue cracking or
corrosion fatigue, and so is of a great importance the knowledge and mastery
of this phenomenon.
The present work contains both a summary of methods for
determining the resistance to fatigue and also the procedures for determining
the coefficient of safety in different situations.
Cuvinte cheie: durabilitate, rezistență, oboseală, diagramă
Keywords: durability, resistance, fatigue, diagram

107 METODE DE DETERMINARE A REZISTENȚEI LA


21-96 EVOLUȚIA TENSIUNILOR REMANENTE Partea a II-a

EVOLUTION OF RESIDUAL STRESSES – PART II
Abstract: In this paper, the authors study the residual stresses that
arise in a stress lattice during casting. The residual stresses are firstly
determined experimentally and secondly simulated using a numerical method
(control volume) for method validation.
Cuvinte cheie: tensiuni remanente, proba rețea de contracție, turnare,
simulare numerică
Keywords: residual stresses, stress lattice, casting, numerical
simulation

96 EVOLUȚIA TENSIUNILOR REMANENTE


21-95 EVOLUȚIA TENSIUNILOR REMANENTE Partea I

EVOLUTION OF RESIDUAL STRESSES
Part I
In this paper, the authors study the residual stresses that arise in a
stress lattice during casting. The residual stresses are firstly determined
experimentally and secondly simulated using a numerical method (control
volume) for method validation.
Cuvinte cheie: tensiuni remanente, proba rețea de contracție, turnare,
simulare numerică
Keywords: residual stresses, stress lattice, casting, numerical
simulation

95 EVOLUȚIA TENSIUNILOR REMANENTE


21-88 CONSIDERAȚII ASUPRA VIBRAȚIILOR SUSPENSIILOR VEHICULELOR DE CALE FERATĂ Partea a II-a

REFLECTIONS ON RAILWAY
VIBRATION VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS – II
Making a simple mechanical model railway vehicle must contain
masses suspended bogie and vehicle weight box connected by elastic and
dynamic elements. Thus, the suspension of railway vehicles consists of elastic
elements, connecting elements, and shock. Vibration measurements of elastic
element (or set of elastic elements) of a railway vehicle suspension requires a
stand to simulate operating conditions. This paper presents such a stand which
operates as a vibrator.
Cuvinte cheie: model mecanic, vibrații, suspensiile vehiculelor
feroviare, stand de simulare și măsurare, vibrator
Keywords: mechanical design, vibrations, suspension rail vehicle
simulation and measurement stand, vibrating

88 CONSIDERAȚII ASUPRA VIBRAȚIILOR


21-87 CONSIDERAȚII ASUPRA VIBRAȚIILOR SUSPENSIILOR VEHICULELOR DE CALE FERATĂ Partea I

REFLECTIONS ON RAILWAY
VIBRATION VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS – I
Making a simple mechanical model railway vehicle must contain
masses suspended bogie and vehicle weight box connected by elastic and
dynamic elements. Thus, the suspension of railway vehicles consists of elastic
elements, connecting elements, and shock. Vibration measurements of elastic
element (or set of elastic elements) of a railway vehicle suspension requires a
stand to simulate operating conditions. This paper presents such a stand which
operates as a vibrator.
Cuvinte cheie: model mecanic, vibrații, suspensiile vehiculelor
feroviare, stand de simulare și măsurare, vibrator
Keywords: mechanical design, vibrations, suspension rail vehicle
simulation and measurement stand, vibrating

87 CONSIDERAȚII ASUPRA VIBRAȚIILOR


21-85 UTILIZAREA FOTOELASTICIMETRIEI ÎN ANALIZA STĂRII DE TENSIUNI PENTRU O STRUCTURĂ DE ROBOT INDUSTRIAL. CONSIDERAŢII GENERALE

THE USE OF PHOTOELASTICITY IN ANALYZING THE STATE
OF STRESSES FOR THE STRUCTURE OF AN INDUSTRIAL
ROBOT. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
In this paper it’s presented, in general, the experimental study of the
structure of an industrial robot with five degrees of freedom. Using the
experimental method of photoelasticity, are determined the principal stress
difference and the distribution of stresses on the surface of entire structure of
the studied industrial robot.
Cuvinte cheie: experimental, fotoelasticimetrie, tensiuni, deformaţii,
robot, serial
Keywords: experimental, method of photoelasticity, stress, strain,
industrial robot, show

85 UTILIZAREA FOTOELASTICIMETRIEI ÎN ANALIZA