Arhivă revistă


26-18 ASPECTE PRIVIND INFLUENȚA FACTORILOR ASUPRA EVALUĂRII SISTEMELOR DE TRANSPORT PRIN CONDUCTE

ASPECTS OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCE ON THE
ASSESSMENT OF PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Assessment of pipelines is a complicated process that does not use
traditional approaches to evaluation, but rather a mixture of both evaluation
methods because each pipeline is unique in its own way, but also because its
value is influenced by many factors. Depending on the chosen evaluation
method involved estimating a pipeline several factors. These factors represent
the influences the value of a pipeline from several points of view: the physical –
chemical, technological and economical.
Key words: technological pipelines, pipelines, pipeline value
assessment, factors of influence on the value
Cuvinte cheie: conducte tehnologice, evaluarea conductelor, valoarea
conductelor, factori de influență a valorii
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26-17 STADIUL ACTUAL AL CERCETĂRILOR EXPERIMENTALE EFECTUATE ASUPRA SQUATULUI NAVELOR MARITIME

CURRENT STATE OF RESEARCHES PERFORMED
ON SHIP SQUAT
In the recent years research efforts in ship hydromechanics are devoted to
the practical navigation problems in getting larger ships safely into existing
harbours, which are usually characterized by narrow and shallow waters.
This paper presents an analysis of the current state of researches on ship
squat, especially on ship models used to measure it.
Keywords: ship, squat, model, similarity
Cuvinte cheie: navă, squat, model, similitudine
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26-16 METODE DE ÎNDEPĂRTARE A PRODUSELOR PETROLIERE ÎN CAZUL CONTAMINĂRII ŢĂRMULUI

METHOD OF REMOVAL OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
IN THE EVENT OF SHORE CONTAMINATION
Currently the Black Sea water quality has become an increasing
discussed problem, which is proposed to solve in different solutions. Reality
suggests the need for increased vigilance, continuing accident early preventive
action not only when petroleum products are spilled and improving response
capacity through the integration of technology and science.
Key words: pollution, petroleum products, shore contamination
Cuvinte cheie: poluare, produse petroliere, contaminarea țărmului
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26-15 METODOLOGIE DE DETERMINARE A CONCENTRAȚIILOR DE PARTICULE MATERIALE DIN ATMOSFERA MUNICIPIULUI CLUJ-NAPOCA

METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE
CONCENTRATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER FROM
ATMOSPHERE IN CLUJ-NAPOCA CITY
The study presents an analysis of methods for determining particle
suspension in atmosphere for Cluj-Napoca city. It shows the sampling method
and ways how to choose areas depending on the nature of traffic sampling. It
shows the equipment used in measurements.
Keywords: Particulate matter, air pollution, determination the level of
air pollution
Cuvinte cheie: particule materiale, poluarea aerului, dereminarea
nivelului de poluare a aerului
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26-14 STUDII ŞI CERCETĂRI PRIVIND DETERMINAREA CALITĂȚII AERULUI DIN MUNICIPIUL CLUJ-NAPOCA

STUDIES AND RESEARCH ON DETERMINING
AIR QUALITY IN CLUJ-NAPOCA CITY
This paper presents a series analysis of pollutants from urban
environment, respective to Cluj-Napoca city. It insisted on greenhouse
gas, gas that generates acid rain, as well as particulate matters.
Measurement were analysed and centralized to see in time the
evolution of these emissions.
Keywords: air quality, factors of air polluting
Cuvinte cheie: calitatea aerului, determinarea factorilor poluanți
din atmosferă
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26-13 METODOLOGIE PENTRU DETERMINAREA CONCENTRAȚIILOR DE PARTICULE DIN ATMOSFERᾸ

METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE
CONCENTRATION OF PARTICLE IN ATMOSPHERE
This paper presents a series of results for determining air quality in
Cluj-Napoca area. The measurements were aimed primarily for determination
of particulate matter using modern equipment to determine aerosols. For
determinations were chosen areas where is intense traffic.
Keywords: particulate matter, determining aerosol, means for
determining
Cuvinte cheie: particule in suspensie, determinare aerosolilor, metode
de determinare
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26-12 ECO-INOVAREA – ELEMENT DE BAZĂ ÎN REALIZAREA ȚINTEI “ZERO DEȘEURI”

ECO-INNOVATION – KEY ELEMENT IN ACHIEVING THE
TARGET “ZERO WASTE”
This paper is an analysis of the need for and modalities of Eco-
Innovation in the context of achieving an ambitious goal, which is to achieve the
performance of „Zero Waste”. Although through different methods, it is
possible to significantly reduce the quantity of waste, there will always be a
certain amount of waste that can only be eliminated by means that are
damaging to the environment. The solution for this is the redesign of products
that cannot be reused, recycled or biodegradable, so that they will not have a
damaging environmental impact at the end of their life cycle. This requires Eco-
Innovation for most products and processes.
Keywords: eco-innovation, redesign, waste, zero waste, re-use,
recycle, redesign, storage, incineration
Cuvinte cheie: eco-inovare, reproiectare, deșeuri, zero deșeuri,
reutilizare, reciclare, reproiectare, depozitare, incinerare
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26-11 TEHNOLOGIE DE EPURARE BIOLOGICĂ CU TUBURI POROASE ŞI TUBURI CU MEMBRANĂ ELASTICĂ PERFORATĂ ȘI DIMENSIONAREA INSTALAȚIILOR DE AERARE

TECHNOLOGY FOR WASTE WATER TREATMENT WITH
POROUS TUBE AERATORS AND ELASTIC PERFORATED
MEMBRANE TUBES OF THE BIOLOGICAL
WASTE WATER TREATMENT
The paper is to review and assess existing design procedures and provide
in-depth design information on critical features of the aeration process using Tube
aerators porous and elastic membrane tubes and key parameters affecting its
operation and performance that is typically available to the engineering community.
Since past decade, the old works started to be replaced with new technologies such
as those using tube aerators porous and elastic membrane tubes, especially for
industrial and municipal waste water treatment plants. This paper discusses the
theory, performance, design procedures, calculation and dimensioning of the
aeration using Tube aerators porous and elastic membrane tubes.
Keywords: aeration, porous tubes, tubes with elastic membrane, aeration
plants, wastewater, and wastewater treatment schemes
Cuvinte cheie: aerare, tuburi poroase, tuburi cu membrana elastică, instalații
de aerare, ape uzate, scheme de epurare
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26-10 UTILIZAREA ADITIVILOR, UN PROCEDEU PENTRU OPTIMIZAREA STINGERII INCENDIILOR

ADDITIVES’ USE, A FIRE FIGHTING OPTIMISATION
PROCEDURE
Fire is a phenomenon that leaves, even today, a lot of questions
unanswered. The fire fighting actions currently involve many procedures and
products to increase efficiency. Additives are used nowadays, worldwide,
because they represent an alternative for preserving our resources. The result
of researches made in foreign countries, and also in Romania in the early ’80, is
a strong argument for keep trying to use additives in fire fighting.
Key words: fire, fire fighting, additives
Cuvinte cheie: foc, stingerea incendiilor, aditivi
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26-9 ASPECTE TEHNICE REFERITOARE LA PROTECȚIA ÎMPOTRIVA INCENDIILOR PENTRU PROIECTAREA FAȚADELOR CU ALCĂTUIRE VENTILATĂ

TECHNICAL ISSUES RELATING TO FIRE PROTECTION
FOR THE DESIGN DOUBLE SKIN FACADES
Usually for a building with a multi-storeys double-skin facade, smoke
of a fire room escaping through the inner facade into the intermediate space
between the two skins may accumulate and spread horizontally and/or
vertically to other rooms that have openings connected to the intermediate
space for the purpose of natural ventilation.
Keywords: thermal insulation, ventilated façade, fire, smoke,
ventilation
Cuvinte cheie: izolare termică, fațadă ventilată, incendiu, fum, ventilare
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26-8 CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND OPORTUNITATEA PROGNOZEI CONSUMULUI DE GAZE NATURALE ÎN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA

CONSIDERATION ABOUT THE OPPORTUNITY OF NATURAL
GASES PROGNOSES IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Of all forms of primary energy currently participating almost to
meeting energy needs in Moldova gas lies the largest share – about 60 % full
resources imported from the foreign market carriers energy. Therefore the
problem of determining, monitoring and control of natural gas consumption, and
estimate its possibilities of coverage opportunities is an actual goal, which
raged experts in the field.
Keywords: energy, monitoring, natural gas consumption,climatic
factors, reserves, energy security
Cuvinte cheie: energie, monitorizare, consumul de gaze naturale,
factorii climatici, rezerve, securitatea energetică
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26-7 STADIUL ACTUAL ÎN DOMENIUL EFICIENŢEI ENERGETICE DIN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA

THE CURRENT STATE IN THE FIELD OF ENERGY
EFFICIENCY IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
The increase in the cost of energy resources, the advanced
depreciation of the buildings, the degradation of the environmental quality and
the Moldova’s total dependence on the external energy markets, are essentially
the key arguments which require the promotion of some consistent national
policies in the field of energy efficiency in all spheres of human activity. In this
context one area over which it can act with certainty is the field of buildings. The
analysis of housing in Moldova built at different stages under different
architectural and structural solutions, the evolution of energy usage and energy
resources for various sectors of the national economy, as well as the objectives
put forward by the national strategies and programs for energy efficiency are
presented in the paper.
Keywords: energy efficiency, energy efficiency policies, national plans,
housing fund
Cuvinte cheie: eficienţă energetică, politici de eficienţă energetică,
planuri naţionale, fond locativ
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26-6 COMPARAȚIE ÎNTRE DATE MĂSURATE ȘI CALCULATE CU PRIVIRE LA INCENDIEREA TRENURILOR

COMPARISON BETWEEN MEASURED AND CALCULATED
DATA REGARDING A TRAIN FIRE
The objective of this work is to compare the results of a model
application with the measurements of visibility and temperature in case
of fire in a train carriage. The aim is to find out the criticalities and to
organize an adequate evacuation plan.
Keywords: evacuation, fire, train, temperature trend
Cuvinte cheie: evacuare, incendiu, tren, dinamica temperaturii
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26-5 MONITORIZAREA MIROSURILOR ÎNTR-O INSTALAȚIE DE DIGESTIE ANAEROBĂ

ODOUR MONITORING IN AN ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION PLANT
In the latest years the problem of odour emissions has got an
increasing emphasis, due to the expansion of urban areas with the consequent
approach of the settlements to the industrial areas and the increase of public
awareness towards environmental issues. Odours do not cause toxic effects to
human health. However they can cause symptoms in both physiological (as
respiratory problems, nausea and headaches) and psychological levels. In this
article, the results of odour monitoring emissions in an anaerobic digestion
plant fed with dedicated crops in which there is a feeding/mixing tank
uncovered are presented. The role of this tank concerning the odour emissions
is the object of the paper.
Keywords: odour emission, anaerobic digestion, mixing tank, SOER,
OER
Cuvinte cheie: miros, digestie anerobă, rezervor de amestecare,
SOER, OER
Descarcare text


26-4 BIOCOMBUSTIBILI DURABILI PENTRU ZONELE RURALE ÎN CURS DE DEZVOLTARE: CAZUL BRAZILIEI

SUSTAINABLE BIOFUELS FOR RURAL AREAS OF
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: BRASILIAN CASE STUDY
The objective of the application is to describe a project for
sustainable development, proposed in Brazil regarding energy
production and economic self-sufficiency, using as a raw material, the
residual oil and other biomass available in this country. Additionally, the
potential of biofuel in Brasil is also discussed.
Keywords: Biomass, biofuels, energy, renewable energies,
sustainable development
Cuvinte cheie: biomasa, biocombustibili, energie, energie
regenerabilă, dezvoltare durabilă
Descarcare text


26-3 EINIGE FRAGEN BEZÜGLICH DER VERGLEICHSSTELLENTEMPERATUR VON THERMOELEMENTEN

UNELE PROBLEME PRIVIND TEMPERATURA DE
REFERINȚĂ A TERMOCUPLURILOR
La măsurarea temperaturii cu termocupluri, o cauză de erori poate fi
schimbarea temperaturii de referință a acestora. În prezenta comunicare se
analizează diagrame care permit citirea directă a corecțiilor la variația
temperaturii de referință, cu un exemplu concret pentru termocuplul NiCr-Ni.
Bei Temperaturmessung mit Thermoelementen, eine Fehlerursache
der Vergleichstemperaturänderung ist möglich. Innerhalb dieses Aufsatzes
wurden Diagramme entwickelt die ein direcktes Ablesen der Korrektionen bei
Schwanken der Vergleichstemperatur ermöglichen, mit einem konkreten
Beispiel für ein NiCr-Ni Thermoelement.
Schlüsselwörter: Thermoelementen in Betrieb, Vergleichsstellentemperatur
Cuvinte cheie: termocupluri în exploatare, temperatura de referință
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26-2 ANALIZA LEGISLAŢIEI CU PRIVIRE LA COMBUSTIA LEMNULUI TRATAT

TREATED WOOD COMBUSTION REGULATION ANALYSIS
In the latest years the European Union has started a review of the
regulations about the combustion of the woody biomass, a resource
widely available on the Earth with neutral impact in increasing
greenhouse gas emissions. Firstly, an overview of the legal situation at
global level is presented, and then a detailed explanation of the Italian
regulation is the core of this article. Basically, in 2006 the introduction of
the Legislative Decree n. 152 has established that virgin wood falls in
the category of fuels, instead treated wood (deriving from woodfurniture
industry rejects) is considered as waste: the consequence is
that its combustion is subjected to more stringent restrictions in term of
process monitoring and emission limit values. Finally, this paper wants
to underline that the legislative framework is not completely clear, so
not homogeneous interpretations by local governments (responsible for
authorisations) are possible.
Keywords: combustion, industrial, regulation, virgin biomass, wood
Cuvinte cheie: biomasă naturală, combustie, industrie, lemn, legislație
Descarcare text


26-1 PERSPECTIVE DE MONITORIZARE NECONVENȚIONALĂ A PCDD/F PENTRU O OȚELĂRIE

PERSPECTIVES OF UNCONVENTIONAL PCDD/F
MONITORING FOR A STEEL MAKING PLANT
PCDD/F emissions from steel making plants are characterised by
conveyed and diffused streams. As a consequence, the conventional approach
based on the control of emissions at the stack could not be sufficient to
guarantee an adequate environmental protection. The present paper focuses
on the results of a recent multi-disciplinary study on a steel making plant
located in the North of Italy in order to point out some control criteria based on
unconventional monitoring. In particular, the role of deposimeters and soil
characterisation is discussed in details.
Keywords: air, PCDD/Fs, soil, steel making plant, deposition
Cuvinte cheie: aer, PCDD/F, sol, otelarie, sedimentare
Descarcare text


25-86 SOLUŢII PENTRU ÎMBUNĂTĂŢIREA MĂRIRII CAPACITĂŢII PORTANTE A STRUCTURILOR DE REZISTENŢĂ ÎN CAZ DE INCENDII

ACCOMPLISHMENTS FOR THE FIRE RESISTANCE LOAD
BEARING CAPACITY IMPROVING OF THE STRUCTURES
The authors of the contribution presents several possible solutions
destined to improving the load bearing capacity of the steel structural elements.
In this sense, are described some existent solutions, respectively two other
originals, ones. Every solution is analyzed from their usefulness’ point of view,
respectively their limits. The original solutions/proposals seem to fulfil several
major fire safety criteria, mainly to increase the safe period of the structural
elements. The authors intend applying one of them in a forthcoming PhD
thesis experimental part.
Keywords: Steel structures, fire, load capacity, protection against fire
Cuvinte cheie: structuri metalice, incendii, capacitatea portantă,
protecţie la foc
Descarcare text


25-85 VERIFICAREA STRUCTURII DE REZISTENŢĂ LA VAGOANELE DE MARFĂ DESCOPERITE CU PEREŢI ÎNALŢI UTILIZATE ÎN TRANSPORTURILE UZINALE CU METODA ELEMENTELOR FINITE

CHECKING THE STRUCTURE OF RESISTANCE FREIGHT
WAGONS DISCOVER HIGH WALL IN TRANSPORT
FACTORIES FINITE ELEMENTS
This article aims to examine the structure simulating resistance to
compression of the buffers a freight wagon found with high walls used in
factories and railways removal solution validation platform Handbrake finite
element method.
Keywords: transport, freight wagon power roads, finite elements
Cuvinte cheie: vagon de marfă, transporturi uzinale, elemente finite
Descarcare text


25-84 ANALIZA EXPERIMENTALĂ A TENSIUNILOR ŞI DEFORMAŢIILOR LA VAGOANELE DE MARFĂ DESCOPERITE CU PEREŢI ÎNALŢI UTILIZATE ÎN TRANSPORTURILE UZINALE PRIN METODA TENSOMETRIEI ELECTRICE REZISTIVE

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF STRESSES AND
STRAINS FREIGHT WAGONS DISCOVER HIGH WALL IN
TRANSPORT FACTORIES TENSOMETRIEI USING
ELECTRICAL RESISTIVE
This article aims to examine the resistance structure by static testing
with combined efforts from a freight car found with high walls to use railway
Factory method resistive electric tensometriei.
Keywords: transport, freight wagon power roads, tensions, deformations
Cuvinte cheie: vagon de marfă, transporturi uzinale, tensiuni, deformaţii
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25-83 ANALIZA NUMERICĂ A STĂRILOR DE TENSIUNI ȘI DEFORMAȚII DIN AXA TRIUNGHIULARĂ A TIMONERIEI DE FRÂNĂ DE LA VAGOANELE DE MARFĂ

TRIANGULAR AXIS BRAKE WHEELHOUSE FREIGHT
WAGONS NUMERICAL STRESS AND STRAIN ANALYSIS
The 120 kN triangular axes of the whellhouse is used for the bogie
Y25Rsa, Y25Ls(s)d, and to the whellhouse to brake the wheel two-axle
wagons, load of 22.5 tons/axle. These triangular axes are used for the
transmission and distribution of braking force to the wheels of each wheelset.
Keywords: triangular, wheelhouse axis brake, freight wagons
Cuvinte cheie: axa triunghiulară, timonerie frână, vagoane de marfă
Descarcare text


25-82 UZURA BILELOR DE RULMENT ÎNCERCATE LA OBOSEALĂ

WEAR AND TEAR OF FATIGUE-TESTED
BEARING BALLS
The bearing balls with the 12.7 mm diameter equipping radial bearings
were tested for the fatigue endurance stress. The test was performed on a
specialised machine, which creates a constant force during testing, at a number
of revolutions that is also constant. By weighing and dimensional
measurements we find a mass loss after the fatigue test, and implicitly the
diameter became smaller due to wear and tear.
Keywords: bearing ball, fatigue testing, ball wear and tear
Cuvinte cheie: bila de rulment, de oboseală, uzura bilei
Descarcare text


25-81 ANALIZA DIMENSIONALĂ ȘI CALITATIVĂ A SUPRAFEȚELOR BILELOR DE RULMENT ÎNCERCATE LA OBOSEALĂ

DIMENSIONAL AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE
SURFACE OF FATIGUE-TESTED BEARING BALLS
During the fatigue testing of bearing balls, subjected to compression at
constant force and number of revolutions, we find, from the technological point
of view, certain micron-sized alterations in relation with the dimensions and
quality of the tested balls’ surface. The main parameters refer to the ball
diameter [mm] and the number of revolutions affected by the machine during
testing [number of revolutions]. The contact during testing is sphere to plane.
Keywords: bearing ball, fatigue testing, roughness
Cuvinte cheie : bilă rulment, încercare de oboseală, rugozitate
Descarcare text


25-80 ANALIZA DURATEI DE VIAȚĂ A BILELOR DE RULMENT DE DIMENSIUNI MICI

ANALYSIS OF ENDURANCE LIFETIME FOR
SMALL BEARING BALLS
In order to determine the lifetime of bearing balls we need to proceed
to their fatigue test. The machine for fatigue testing has a special construction,
with several spaces for simultaneous tests. The contact between the ball to test
and the plate is plane. During the test, the machine’s number of revolutions and
the loading force are constant. An important parameter during testing is
represented by the environment conditions (with or without lubrication).
Keywords: bearing ball, fatigue test, endurance, lifetime
Cuvinte cheie: bila rulment; încercare la oboseală; durata de viață
Descarcare text


25-79 STUDII ASUPRA SOLIDIFICĂRII INTERSECȚIILOR ÎN FORMĂ DE T, A PEREȚILOR PIESELOR TURNATE

SOLIDIFICATION STUDIES T JUNCTIONS, WALLS CASTINGS
This paper aims to make a numerical and experimental analysis of the
succession of solidification zones of T-shaped intersection walls of cast
aluminium alloys. The idea of this study started with the observation that these
areas solidification thru dedicated method of cooling modules analysis does not
fully correspond to numerical analysis using a simulation solidification program.
By using the simulation software NovaCast it was studied the succession of
solidification process of T – shaped intersection of the walls of aluminium alloy
castings En AC-Al Si7Mg0,3 in several versions of ratio between the two
intersecting walls. Subsequently were made casts of this form examining their
solidification by determining the compactness of intersection and surrounding
areas. In interpreting the results obtained it can be concluded that the T-shaped
intersection of two walls, in most cases, doesn’t act as a heat node, as it would
be presumed at first glance.
Keywords: aluminum alloys, solidification, cast
Cuvinte cheie: aliaje, aluminiu, solidificare, turnate
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25-78 DETERMINAREA COMPORTAMENTULUI LA OBOSEALĂ A SÂRMELOR ZINCATE ȘI NEZINCATE UTILIZÂND PROGRAMUL DE SIMULARE ANSYS

DETERMINATION OF GALVANIZED WIRE FATIGUE
BEHAVIOR USING ANSYS SIMULATION SOFTWARE
Although the total number of parts that break during service is not
great, however over 50 % of the breaks are caused by fatigue cracking or
corrosion fatigue, and so is of a great importance the knowledge and mastery
of this phenomenon.
This study discusses the fatigue behaviour of the wires, making a
comparison of results obtained on galvanized wire specimens and on
ungalvanized wire specimens, using Ansys analysis program.
Keywords: fatigue, meshing, CAD model, number of cycles
Cuvinte cheie: oboseală, discretizare, model CAD, număr de cicluri
Descarcare text


25-77 STUDIU ISTORICO-CRITIC AL ANALIZEI DIMENSIONALE

HISTORICO-CRITICAL REVIEW OF DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
On the base of numerous literatures a critical review of main facts and
events that played a significant role in the history of dimensional analysis will be
presented. Dimensional analysis appeared in the antiques with the necessity to
qualitatively describe and understand the physical world and was fructuously
developed in the works of Galileo Galilei, Pierre-Marie-François Daviet de
Foncenex, Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier and John William Strutt. Application of
dimensional analysis on a large scale began after 1914, when Edgar
Buckingham demonstrated his Π− theorem and Percy W. Bridgman published
his „Dimensional analysis” in 1922.
Keywords: history, geometrical dimensions, physical dimensions,
principle of dimensional homogeneity, Π – theorem, dimensional analysis
Cuvinte cheie: istorie, dimensiuni geometrice, dimensiuni fizice, principiul
de omogenitate dimensională, teorema Π , analiză dimensională
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25-76 CONTRIBUŢII LA TEORIA ALGEBRICĂ A ANALIZEI DIMENSIONALE

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE
ALGEBRAIC THEORY OF DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
Dimensional analysis is based on the tacitly accepted idea, that physical
quantities, units and their dimensions represents algebraically factors, with
which you can perform ordinary operations like with the numbers. To
demonstrate the viability of this idea in the present paper were formulated and
proved four theorems of algebraic theory of dimensional analysis, taking as
starting point the relation between the definition of the physical quantities and
the invariance principle of the physical laws. It also shows, whether two
quantities are mechanical in nature, the product or multiplier of them is also of
mechanical nature. This correlations can be extended to others physical
quantities such as heat, electricity, electromagnetic, chemical etc.
Keywords: physical quantity, unit, numerical value, dimension,
dimensional analysis
Cuvinte cheie: mărime fizică, unitate, valoare numerică, dimensiune,
analiză dimensională
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25-75 CONSIDERAȚII PRIVIND ÎNCERCAREA LA TRACȚIUNE A MATERIALULUI UZUAL FOLOSIT PENTRU PARAPETELE DE PROTECȚIE LA DRUMURI

CONSIDERATIONS ON TENSILE TEST OF USUAL
MATERIAL USED ON ROAD RESTRAINT SYSTEMS
The paper presents a comparison between the results of tensile test
experiments for the material used for road restraint systems, S235JR, black
and galvanized. Deformable road restraint systems protect the vehicles from
danger, which are forwarded on the carriageway minimizing serious injury.
After the execution of the restraint systems components, these are
promoted on the technological flow for hot dip galvanizing, being protected
against corrosion.
Keywords: tensile test, S235JR galvanized, road restraint systems
Cuvinte cheie: încercare la tracțiune, S235JR zincat, sisteme de
reținere rutiere
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25-74 CONSIDERAȚII PRIVIND LĂȚIMEA DE LUCRU A PARAPETELOR LA IMPACTUL CU O SFERĂ

CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE WORKING
WIDTH OF ROAD RESTRAINT SYSTEMS AT
THE IMPACT WITH A SPHERE
This paper presents the simulation of the behaviour of two types of
road restraint systems on impact with a sphere in different points from the pillar
axis. The working widths of the restraint systems during collisions are
presented. The working width is very important because it characterizes the
parapets during impact. The simulations were performed with the help of finite
element software using Altair Hyper Works modules.
Keywords: displacement of parapets, road restraint systems
Cuvinte cheie: deplasarea parapetelor, sisteme de reținere rutiere
Descarcare text


25-73 EVALUAREA TEORETICĂ A PERFORMANȚELOR UNEI BARIERE DE SIGURANȚĂ RUTIERĂ

THEORETICAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
OF A TRAFFIC SAFETY BARRIER
By definition, the railing is a wall or a railing of little height which serves
to delimit the edge of a road, a bridge, aimed at stopping vehicles and
restoration mainly on the carriageway, pedestrians and conveyance of other
road users. Protective guardrail road safety ensures good road contact because
a vehicle deforms elastically, annihilating shock.
Keywords: enclosures, endurance, steel, deformation, protection
Cuvinte cheie: carcase, rezistență, oţel, deformare, protecţie
Descarcare text


25-72 CONSIDERAȚII ASUPRA AMORTIZĂRII IMPACTULUI UNUI VEHICUL CU UN OBSTACOL RIGID Partea a II-a

REFLECTIONS ON A VEHICLE WITH AN IMPACT
DEPRECIATION RIGID OBSTACLE – Part II
Make a selection of work items and the factors that lead to unexpected
event called „traffic accident”. Are the concept of „safety” and the possibility of
its optimization. The paper is presented a solution to reduce the negative
effects that occur in the event of a frontal impact of vehicle with a fixed obstacle
through equipping its bumper with shock absorbers magneto rheological.
Keywords: bumpers, crash, car, traffic, obstruction, safety, obstacle
Cuvinte cheie: amortizor, accident, automobil, obstacol, siguranța,
circulație
Descarcare text


25-71 CONSIDERAȚII ASUPRA AMORTIZĂRII IMPACTULUI UNUI VEHICUL CU UN OBSTACOL RIGID Partea I-a

REFLECTIONS ON A VEHICLE WITH AN IMPACT
DEPRECIATION RIGID OBSTACLE – Part I
Make a selection of work items and the factors that lead to unexpected
event called „traffic accident”. Are the concept of „safety” and the possibility of
its optimization? The paper is presented a solution to reduce the negative
effects that occur in the event of a frontal impact of vehicle with a fixed obstacle
through equipping its bumper with shock absorbers magneto rheological.
Keywords: bumpers, crash, car, traffic, obstruction, safety, obstacle
Cuvinte cheie: amortizor, accident, automobil, obstacol, siguranța,
circulație
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25-70 DETERMINAREA TENSIUNILOR ŞI DEFORMAŢIILOR LA UN ARC ELICOIDAL CILINDRIC DE TORSIUNE

DETERMINATION OF STRESS AND STRAIN
IN A HELICAL SPRING TORSION
The paper presents the analysis of state of stresses and strains in
helical spring torsion. Stresses and strain were analysed in dependence of the
spring dimensional factor and the cross-sectional diameter
Keywords: spiral spring, tensions, deformations
Cuvinte cheie: arc elicoidal de torsiune, tensiuni, deformaţii
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25-69 STUDIUL EFECTULUI FORŢEI TĂIETOARE ASUPRA DEFORMAŢIILOR GRINZILOR DREPTE SOLICITATE LA ÎNCOVOIERE

THE STUDY OF THE ACTION OF THE CROSS FORCE
ON THE STRAIGHT BEAM BUCKLING IN CASE
OF BENDING STRESS
The following paper presents a study done by the author on the
straight beam buckling subjected to bending stress, by considering or
neglecting the effect of the cross force. The study was done on different forms
of the cross sections, respectively for different values of the ratio (relation)
between the height of the beam section and its length.
Keywords: bending moment, shear force, deformations
Cuvinte cheie: moment încovoietor, forţă tăietoare, deformaţii
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25-68 PROPAGAREA FISURII LA OBOSEALĂ AXIAL- EXCENTRICĂ. MODELE DE STUDIU

THE CRACK PROPAGATION AT ECCENTRICALLY
TENSILE FATIGUE TEST. STUDY MODELS
The study consists in crack propagation analysis in a plate specimen
CT model with side notch, made by a R520 steel. The specimen is loaded to a
eccentrically tensile test. The loading asymmetry factors are: R = 0.1 and R =
0.3, and the loading temperature is the room temperature, T = 293K.
The defect seeding rate in the specimen material marked as da/dN
was analysed by the empiric mathematical models: 1° – a second degree
polynomial method of approximation; 2º – according to Paris formula and, 3° –
respectively to Walker model. By using the three methods, there was
determined the crack propagation rate variation da/dN versus the crack length
variation a1, respectively versus the stress intensity factor ΔK.
Keywords: cyclic, request coefficient of asymmetry, cracking, cracking
speed, intensity factor in blood (FIT)
Cuvinte cheie: solicitare ciclică, coeficient de asimetrie, fisură, viteză
de fisurare, factor de intensitate a tensiunii (FIT)
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25-67 CÂTEVA ASPECTE ALE ESTIMĂRII TENACITĂŢII LA RUPERE PENTRU OŢELUL 12H1MF

SOME ASPECTS OF ESTIMATING THE FRACTURE
TOUGHNESS FOR 12H1MF STEEL
Between main characteristics, praising the fracture toughness of
materials, there are different relations. The present paper is praising some
difficulties which concerning the fracture toughness, on the basis of a method
which allow to estimate another characteristic, much easy to determine.
Keywords: steam pipe, toughness, steel 12H1MF
Cuvinte cheie: conductă de abur, tenacitate la rupere, oţel 12H1MF
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25-66 STUDIUL COMPORTĂRII STRUCTURILOR IZOLATE CU SISTEME PENDULARE

STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOUR OF STRUCTURES
INSULATED WITH FRICTION PENDULUM SYSTEMS – II
The earthquakes have been, and are a great danger against humanity.
The study presented in this paper aims to determine the response of an
insulated structure due to earthquakes vibration loads, which are randomly,
non-periodic and contain various frequencies. The study, made on a two-story
structure involved finite element analysis, to determine the displacements,
velocities and accelerations in various locations on the structure. The actual
results were obtained using statistical methods, in order to determine the
dynamic behaviour of a vibrating structure.
Keywords: base isolation, friction, pendulum, structure
Cuvinte cheie: izolator seismic, frecare, pendul, structură
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25-65 STUDIUL COMPORTĂRII STRUCTURILOR IZOLATE CU SISTEME PENDULARE CU FRECARE Partea I-a

STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOUR OF STRUCTURES INSULATED
WITH FRICTION PENDULUM SYSTEMS – I
The earthquakes have been, and are a great danger against humanity.
The study presented in this paper aims to determine the response of an
insulated structure due to earthquakes vibration loads, which are randomly,
non-periodic and contain various frequencies. The study, made on a two-story
structure involved finite element analysis, to determine the displacements,
velocities and accelerations in various locations on the structure. The actual
results were obtained using statistical methods, in order to determine the
dynamic behavior of a vibrating structure.
Keywords: base isolation, friction, pendulum, structure
Cuvinte cheie: izolator seismic, frecare, pendul, structură
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25-64 STUDIUL COMPORTĂRII DINAMICE A STÂLPILOR CU DIFERITE NIVELE DE ÎNCĂRCARE

A STUDY REGARDING THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF
COLUMNS SUBJECTED TO DIFFERENT TIP MASSES
The present study aims to highlight the effect of a tip mass upon the
behavior of columns. We have first analytically determined, for a specific
column, the critical buckling force to find the range in which it works in the
elastic domain. Afterwards, by means of numerical simulations, we performed
analysis regarding the influence of loads due to different additional masses and
have identified the effect upon the natural frequencies and modal shapes,
concluding that the higher the mode number, the higher the influence.
Keywords: column, buckling, natural frequency, simulation
Cuvinte cheie: stâlp, flambaj, frecvenţe proprii, simulare
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25-63 EFECTUL DEFECTELOR STRUCTURALE ASUPRA COMPORTAMENTULUI DINAMIC AL GRINZILOR COMPOZITE STRATIFICATE

EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL DAMAGES ON THE DYNAMIC
BEHAVIOUR OF LAMINATED BEAMS
This paper presents results obtained by modal analysis on composite
beam-like structures in healthy and damaged state. The aim is to obtain
damage “signatures” for all possible damage scenarios and to use these data
to assess transversal cracks based on vibration techniques, by involving natural
frequency shifts. The analysis was performed in SolidWorks software for a fivelayer
composite, 30 vibration modes being obtained by numerical simulations.
An example how to interpret the results is shown in the last section of the
paper.
Keywords: damage, finite elements, frequency, simulation, structure
Cuvinte cheie: defect, elemente finite, frecvenţă, simulare, structură
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25-62 STUDIUL EFECTULUI TEMPERATURII ÎN APARIŢIA TENSIUNILOR REMANENTE DIN CAZUL DISCURILOR DE GROSIME MICĂ. Partea a II-a: RELAŢII DE CALCUL PENTRU STABILIREA TENSIUNILOR REMANENTE

THE STUDY OF TEMPERATURE EFFECT IN THE RESIDUAL
STRESSES OCCURRENCE FOR THE CASE
OF LOW THICKNESS DISKS
PART II – THE CALCULUS RELATIONS FOR THE RESIDUAL
STRESSES DETERMINATION
In order to determine the stress and deformation state of some
structures one must know the residual stresses due to the temperature. One
considers the situations when the stresses reach the limits imposed by von
Mises criterion; plastic deformations will appear; these have as effect a
redistribution of residual stresses. In order to determine the residual stresses,
theoretical studies and experimental research, based on the section method,
have been done. One has studied the hot laminated structures. Following the
uniform cooling, residual thermal-elastic-plastic stresses appear in the material.
The performed determinations based on the section method lead to high
precision determination of the residual stresses field. The established
theoretical equations were also verified.
Keywords: residual stresses, plastic deformation, criteria, tension of
the membrane, plate
Cuvinte cheie: tensiuni remanente, deformații plastice, criterii, tensiuni
de membrană, placă
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25-61 STUDIUL EFECTULUI TEMPERATURII ÎN APARIŢIA TENSIUNILOR REMANENTE DIN CAZUL DISCURILOR DE GROSIME MICĂ. Partea I-a – STUDIUL PROPAGĂRII TEMPERATURII

THE STUDY OF TEMPERATURE EFFECT IN
THE RESIDUAL STRESSES OCCURRENCE FOR
THE CASE OF LOW THICKNESS DISKS
PART I – THE STUDY OF THE TEMPERATURE
PROPAGATION
In order to determine the state of stress and deformation due to the
temperature, one has to study, as exactly as possible, the temperature’s
propagation mode. There are many practical situations when in some bodies’
material exist self-balanced stresses, even in the absence of any load.
These are residual stresses. Their magnitude and their distribution
depend on the material, on the technological working process, on the machine
parts’ size. The residual stresses appear mainly because of the local
deformations in the elastic-plastic field, because of some structural
transformation or because of some thermo-elastic-plastic deformations.
The paper presents some aspects regarding the residual stresses due
to the heat treatment and to the shallow working.
Key words: residual stresses, deflections, temperatures, plastic plate
Cuvinte cheie: tensiuni remanente, deformaţii plastice, temperatură,
placă
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25-60 VARIAŢIA COEFICIENTULUI DE DEBIT LA ORIFICII MICI CU VÂSCOZITATEA ŞI TENSIUNEA SUPERFICIALĂ

THE VARIATION OF SMALL ORIFICES DISCHARGE
WITH VISCOSITY AND SUPERFICIAL TENSION
This paper presents a synthesis of theoretical and experimental
results concerning the discharge coefficient of hydraulic orifices and its
dependence on Reynolds number for the case of fluids with known physical
properties. The experimental researches performed in laboratory emphasize
the influence of superficial tension and viscosity on the discharge through a
small orifice of 3 mm diameter. For the investigated range of superficial
tensions and viscosities (σ = (23 ÷ 80) ·10-3 N/m and η = (1.1 ÷ 910)·10-3 Pa·s),
there was found a linear dependence of discharge on lg Re and lg100We.
Keywords: orifice, discharge coefficient, superficial tension, viscosity
Cuvinte cheie: orificii, coeficient de debit, tensiune superficială,
vâscozitate
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25-59 METODA ELEMENTELOR DE FRONTIERĂ CU ELEMENTE LINIARE, PENTRU O REŢEA AXIALĂ ÎN ”S” Partea a II-a

BORDER ELEMENT METHODS WITH LINEAR ELEMENTS,
FOR A NET AXIAL „S” – Part II
This paper, for a reversible cascade ”S” axial profiles., presents
boundary element method (BEM), with linear elements, for the numerical
simulation of ideal incompressible fluid. BEM apply for Laplace’s equation
depending on flow and hydrodynamic field, speed and pressure are obtained,
inside of domain analysis for a axial “S” axial cascade.
Keywords: axial “S” axial cascade, linear elements, BEM, Laplace
equation, hydrodynamic field
Cuvinte cheie: cascada axială axial „S”, elemente liniare, BEM,
ecuaţia lui Laplace, domeniul hidrodinamic
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25-58 CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND OPTIMIZAREA FORMEI DISCULUI LA O VANĂ FLUTURE PENTRU REDUCEREA COEFICIENTULUI DE REZISTENŢĂ HIDRAULICĂ

CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE BUTTERFLY VALVE
DISK SHAPE OPTIMISATION FOR DECREASING OF THE
RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT
The paper presents the optimization of the butterfly valve disc shape
to obtain a hydraulic resistance coefficient of 0.07 by numerical methods and by
experimental measurements. The optimized butterfly valve disc model on which
measurements were done and the results of the model tests are presented.
The results of the model tests consist of determining the hydraulic resistance
coefficient and consequently the flow coefficient and of the forces and moment
coefficients, the coefficient of cavitation and vibration level.
Keywords: van butterfly, disc biplane, coefficient of resistance
Hydraulic, numerical methods
Cuvinte cheie: vană fluture, disc biplan, coeficient de rezistenţă
hidraulică, metode numerice
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25-57 PROIECTAREA INSTALAŢIEI ELECTRICE CU SISTEM FOTOVOLTAIC OPTIM CUPLAT LA REŢEA, CU AJUTORUL UNUI SOFTWARE DEDICAT

ELECTRICAL DESIGN OF OPTIMUM PHOTOVOLTAIC
SYSTEM COUPLED TO THE NETWORK WITH
A DEDICATED SOFTWARE
In article, it will design and simulate using Sunny Design dedicated
software, version 2.30.0, a photovoltaic system connected directly to the
network, for a villa located in Reşiţa, Caraş-Severin region, Romania.
In the first variant we find that 38.3 % of the electricity produced by the
solar panels is required of the users of the villa, the remaining 61.7 % can be
offered for sale. The second variant, we find that 26.4 % of the electricity
produced by the solar panels is required of the users of the considered case,
the remaining 73.6 % can be given for sale. It appears that option 2 is the
optimum solution.
Keywords: optimization, design, networking, SUNNY coupling DESIGN
version 2.30.0
Cuvinte cheie: optimizare, proiectare, cuplare la reţea, SUNNY DESIGN
versiunea 2.30.0
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25-56 STUDIU PRIVIND REPARAŢIA PRIN SUDARE A COMPONENTELOR DIN OŢEL MARTENSITIC ALE TURBINELOR HIDRAULICE

STUDY ON REPAIR BY WELDING MARTENSITIC STEEL
COMPONENTS OF HYDRAULIC TURBINES
CA-6NM cast parts are frequently used in the manufacture of rotors and
turbines guiding equipment. CA-6NM material behaves better at casting and
improved weld ability compared to the stainless steel CA-15. During the
production process, rotor blades or their repairs hydraulic power operation have
identified four situations. These four cases have resulted to the design of
different welding repair technologies that are intended to meet the specific
conditions of each case.
Keywords: martensitic steel, welding, repairs, turbines
Cuvinte cheie: oţel martensitic, sudare, reparaţii, turbine
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25-55 EVALUAREA ANALIZELOR FIZICO – CHIMICE ÎN LABORATORUL DE ÎNCERCĂRI LA ULEIURILE MINERALE ELECTROIZOLANTE FOLOSITE PENTRU TRANSPORTUL CURENTULUI DE ÎNALTĂ TENSIUNE

EVALUATION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSES IN THE LABORATORY FOR TESTS ON MINERAL OILS
USED AS CARRIERS OF ELECTRICAL CURRENT
OF HIGH VOLTAGE
Now you can use these types of equipment using mineral oil. Trying to
replace the equipment that I use SF6. MV SF6 insulated equipment for
overload lines with manual operating system, remote connection rod, steel pole
hot dressed, motorized operating mechanism, the operation of electric wiring,
cable network connection.
Keywords: power plants, gas SF6, autotransformers, oil analysis,
physicochemical characteristics, electrical equipment
Cuvinte cheie: centrale electrice, gaz SF6, autotransformatoare,
analize de ulei, caracteristici fizico-chimice, echipamente electrice
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