Arhive anuale: 2014


25-22 SĂPUNUL – Partea I-a

SOAP – Part I-a
Soap is a salt of a fatty acid, with metals or amines, resulting from the
process of saponification. How general, soap is made up by: 1. which fats and
oils; 2. neutralization of fatty acids with alkanes. It presents a brief history of
soap, to obtain and use it. It details the Aleppo soap, black soap and soap RIF.
The company Colgate-Palmolive, a multinational company of consumer
products based on production, distribution and provision of household, health
care and personal products (soaps, detergents, toothpaste, tooth brushes),
represents a model for soap. Under the „Hill”, provides veterinary products.
Keywords: soap, historian, obtaining, Aleppo soap, black soap, soap
RIF, Colgate-Palmolive Company
Cuvinte cheie: săpun, istoric, obținere, săpun de Alep, săpun negru,
săpun RIF, Compania Colgate-Palmolive
Descarcare text


25-21 CEL MAI MARE ACCELERATOR DE PARTICULE DIN LUME, Partea a II-a,

THE LARGEST PARTICLE ACCELERATOR
IN THE WORLD
Part II
Particle accelerator is a comprehensive facility used in the field of high
energy physics to accelerate elementary particles. The accelerator is used to
study the elementary particles and the structure of the atomic nucleus.
European Organization for nuclear research-CERN, the world’s largest
laboratory for elementary particle research. CERN has put in place, on 10
September 2008, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a giant particle accelerator,
aimed at discovering the secrets of the universe. Is a project thought since the
early 1980s, working since 1998.
Considering the particularities of the LHC, the results obtained and
future particle accelerators.
Keywords: particle accelerator, European Organization for nuclear
research-CERN, the Higgs boson, the particle accelerator gigantic Large
Hadron Collider (LHC)
Cuvinte cheie: accelerator de particule, Organizația Europeană pentru
Cercetare Nucleară – CERN, bosonul Higgs, acceleratorul de particule gigantic
Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
Descarcare text


25-20 CEL MAI MARE ACCELERATOR DE PARTICULE DIN LUME

THE LARGEST PARTICLE ACCELERATOR IN THE WORLD – I
Particle accelerator is a comprehensive facility used in the field of high
energy physics to accelerate elementary particles. The accelerator is used to
study the elementary particles and the structure of the atomic nucleus.
European Organization for nuclear research-CERN, the world’s largest
laboratory for elementary particle research. CERN has put in place, on 10
September 2008, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a giant particle accelerator,
aimed at discovering the secrets of the universe. Is a project thought since the
early 1980s, working since 1998.
Considering the particularities of the LHC, the results obtained and
future particle accelerators.
Keywords: particle accelerator, European Organization for nuclear
research-CERN, the Higgs boson, the particle accelerator gigantic Large
Hadron Collider (LHC)
Cuvinte cheie: accelerator de particule, Organizația Europeană pentru
Cercetare Nucleară – CERN, bosonul Higgs, acceleratorul de particule gigantic
Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
Descarcare text


25-19 PROBE DE EVALUARE ÎN ÎNVĂȚĂMÂNTUL PROFESIONAL ȘI TEHNIC

EVALUATION TESTS IN VOCATIONAL AND
TEHNICAL LEARNING
This paper deals with the general approach of evaluation tests in
vocational and technical learning. Using the specification matrix, we can do an
analysis of the testing technics about results of learning process.
Keywords: evaluation tests, critical issues, matrix specification, items
Cuvinte cheie: probe de evaluare, aspecte critice, matricea de
specificații, itemi
Descarcare text


25-18 EVALUAREA COMPETENŢELOR PROFESIONALE

ASSESSMENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES
This paper deals with the general approach of assessment of
professional competences involved in the learning process. The developed
paradigms focus on the vocational key competencies, from one high
specialized unto to one general technical skill.
Keywords: school evaluation, professional competence, key
competence, planning evaluation
Cuvinte cheie: evaluare şcolară, competenţă profesională,
competență cheie, planificarea evaluării
Descarcare text


25-17 UNELE ASPECTE INGINEREŞTI PRIVIND ARTA OSHIBANA

SOME ENGINEERING ASPECTS REGARDING
OSHIBANA ART
The pressed flower art, Oshibana, was developed by japans samurai
centuries ago. This art found followers in Romania, some of them being
Oshibana Maestro Artist. Inspired by them we found that some basic
engineering aspects are beyond the success in the flower pressing process.
The authors of this paper aim to practice these engineering aspects on the
vegetal material to obtain suitable Oshibana parts. We use petals from the
following flowers: yellow rose (Rosa L.), red carnation (Dianthus Caryophyllus),
and violet crocus (Crocus Vernus). The resulted pressed petals were
investigated with transmitted light optical microscope. The petals fibber network
was observed as well as the pigment alveoli. The petal cohesion under
pressure is assured by the cellulose fibres meanwhile the intracellular liquid is
absorbed by the press paper pages, finally the petal cells become flat and dry.
The pigment alveoli were distinct observed for all samples. Their diameter is
significantly increased under pressure ranging from 30 – 40 μm. The flattening
tendency is prone at Crocus and Dianthus and less intense at the Rose petal.
Keywords: pressed flowers, Oshibana, optical microscopy
Cuvinte cheie: flori presate, oshibana, microscopie optică
Descarcare text


25-16 GALILEO GALILEI – PĂRINTELE ŞTIINŢEI MODERNE Partea a II-a

GALILEO GALILEI – LE PERE DE LA SCIENCE MODERNE
Partie II de la
Cet article présente, à partir de la riche bibliographie disponible, un
exposé synthétique de la vie et de l’activité du génial savant Galileo di
Vincenzo Bonaiuti de Galilei – professeur de Mathématiques, Mécanique et
Astronomie aux universités de Pise et de Padoue, sixième membre de
l’Académie des Lynx de Rome (en 1611).
Son extraordinaire habileté à faire des expériences, suite auxquelles il
tirait les conclusions qui s’imposaient, l’a conduit à la réalisation d’un « compas
géométrique et militaire » (ancêtre de la règle de calcul), d’un thermomètre, de
la balance hydrostatique et, surtout, de la lunette astronomique. Orienté vers le
ciel, le télescope lui a dévoilé l’unité matérielle du monde, faisant de lui un
adepte du système héliocentrique, en contradiction avec le système
géocentrique fondé sur le concept philosophique aristotélicien-ptolémaïque,
adopté aussi par l’Eglise catholique, avec laquelle il est entré en conflit.
Suite au procès intenté par le Saint Office, il a été trouvé coupable
« véhément suspect d’hérésie » et obligé d’abjurer, étant condamné à l’arrêt à
domicile. Pendant la période suivante, passée dans sa villa d’Arcetri (près de
Florence), Galilei a consacré son temps à écrire un dernier ouvrage, un des
plus importants : « Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche intorno à due nuove
scienze », qui traitait d’un point de vue mathématique les lois du mouvement et
du frottement, jetant les bases de la dynamique moderne, créant les
fondements de la Mécanique et visant à jeter les bases de la Résistance des
Matériaux. Il est considéré comme « le père de la Physique moderne », et
Albert Einstein l’a appelé « le père de la science moderne » !
85
Mots clés: Mathématiques, Mécanique, Astronomie, Résistance des
Matériaux, lunette, géocentrique, héliocentrique, Inquisition, condamnation,
réhabilitation, hommage
Cuvinte cheie: matematică, mecanică, astronomie, rezistenţa
materialelor, ochelari de soare, geocentrice, heliocentrismul, Inchiziţia,
condamnarea, reabilitare, tribut
Descarcare text


25-15 GALILEO GALILEI – PĂRINTELE ŞTIINŢEI MODERNE Partea I-a

GALILEO GALILEI – LE PERE DE LA SCIENCE MODERNE
Partie I-la
Cet article présente, à partir de la riche bibliographie disponible, un
exposé synthétique de la vie et de l’activité du génial savant Galileo di
Vincenzo Bonaiuti de Galilei – professeur de Mathématiques, Mécanique et
Astronomie aux universités de Pise et de Padoue, sixième membre de
l’Académie des Lynx de Rome (en 1611).
Son extraordinaire habileté à faire des expériences, suite auxquelles il
tirait les conclusions qui s’imposaient, l’a conduit à la réalisation d’un « compas
géométrique et militaire » (ancêtre de la règle de calcul), d’un thermomètre, de
la balance hydrostatique et, surtout, de la lunette astronomique. Orienté vers le
ciel, le télescope lui a dévoilé l’unité matérielle du monde, faisant de lui un
adepte du système héliocentrique, en contradiction avec le système
géocentrique fondé sur le concept philosophique aristotélicien-ptolémaïque,
adopté aussi par l’Eglise catholique, avec laquelle il est entré en conflit.
Suite au procès intenté par le Saint Office, il a été trouvé coupable
« véhément suspect d’hérésie » et obligé d’abjurer, étant condamné à l’arrêt à
domicile. Pendant la période suivante, passée dans sa villa d’Arcetri (près de
Florence), Galilei a consacré son temps à écrire un dernier ouvrage, un des
plus importants : « Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche intorno à due nuove
scienze », qui traitait d’un point de vue mathématique les lois du mouvement et
du frottement, jetant les bases de la dynamique moderne, créant les
fondements de la Mécanique et visant à jeter les bases de la Résistance des
Matériaux. Il est considéré comme « le père de la Physique moderne », et
Albert Einstein l’a appelé « le père de la science moderne » !
75
Mots clés: Mathématiques, Mécanique, Astronomie, Résistance des
Matériaux, lunette, géocentrique, héliocentrique, Inquisition, condamnation,
réhabilitation, hommage
Cuvinte cheie: matematică, mecanică, astronomie, rezistenţa
materialelor, ochelari de soare, geocentrice, heliocentrismul, Inchiziţia,
condamnarea, reabilitare, tribut
Descarcare text


25-14 IMPORTANŢA STRATEGICĂ A EDUCAŢIEI ÎN DOMENIUL STANDARDIZĂRII

STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION
IN THE FIELD OF STANDARDIZATION
With all that standardizing is a key proponent of open markets, free
trade and global interoperability, the benefits of standardization are not well
enough known to the interested parties (companies, public authorities,
consumers), mainly due to the fact that standardisation is not sufficiently
integrated in the educational programs. The paper analyses the strategic
importance of education in the field of standardization, which proposed
measures accordingly.
Keywords: standards, benefits, educational programme, the strategic
importance of standardization in the field of education, measures
Cuvinte cheie: standardizare, beneficii, programe educaționale,
importanţa strategică a educaţiei în domeniul standardizării, măsuri
Descarcare text


25-13 ROLUL GUVERNULUI ÎN STANDARDIZARE

THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE GOVERNMENT IN
STANDARDIZATION
Standardization is a form of self-regulation. Stakeholders agree on
solutions (usually of technical nature) that will enable them to set a level-playing
field for an efficient competition. By recognizing standardization, Government is
both a user and a leader in standardisation work. Public institutions are users of
standards in their capacity of purchasers of products, services and works, but
also leaders in having standards support the implementation of their public
policies. As users, public institutions have all the interest that standards are
elaborated within a framework capable of ensuring the inclusion of all the
elements in the system. As such, Government must be a leader in terms of
assuring the main features that legitimate the system, namely: widest possible
representation of the participants, efficient consultation structures, balanced
representation of interests and compliance with an approved methodology.
Keywords: Standardization, Government user and leader, legitimacy
of the system
Cuvinte cheie: standardizare, guvern utilizator şi lider, legitimitate a
sistemului
Descarcare text


25-12 CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND UNII TERMENI UTILIZAŢI ÎN TEHNOLOGIE

CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING SOME USED
TERMS IN TECHNOLOGY
The technological development determines important social and
economic changes in the world. There are indispensable debates concerning
the specific terms. Many of them must deal with computing aided design which
needs an appropriate form and specific format. New expressions appear, as:
high tech, low tech, appropriate technology and many others.
Keywords: technology, high-tech, low-tech, appropriate technology
Cuvinte cheie: tehnologie, high- tech, low- tech, tehnologie adecvată
Descarcare text


25-11 PROCEDURA APLICABILĂ DEFICITELOR EXCESIVE ÎN UNIUNEA EUROPEANĂ

EXCESSIVE DEFICIT PROCEDURE
IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
A balanced public financial system is the key to a flourishing country.
The following paper presents the Excessive Deficit Procedure initiated by
European Union bodies with the aim of correcting the non-compliance of
Member States in what concerns the thresholds regarding general budget
deficit and public debt. The first part of the paper offers a short analysis of the
general budget deficit in European Union while the second part focuses on
legal aspects of Excessive Deficit Procedure and its requirements. In the end,
the Excessive Deficit Procedure in Ireland, Great Britain and Greece is
described for a better understanding of the concept implementation and its
implications.
Keywords: Excessive Deficit Procedure, public debt, the European
Union
Cuvinte cheie: Deficit bugetar excesiv, datorie publică, Uniunea
Europeană
Descarcare text


25-10 MARGINALII LA EXPERTIZA TEHNICĂ A PRIVATIZĂRII ROMTELECOM

MARGINALIA TECHNICAL EXPERTISE
PRIVATIZATION OF ROMTELECOM
It shows in the synthesis, the controversial, questionable, illegal and
unscrupulous business of Romtelecom, started in 1997, in the manner of a
technical-legal expertise with all past and present implications of so called
privatization, under the aegis of key dignitaries. We highlight some major issues
directly related to the famous and still insufficiently known case of public
notoriety, whose echoes reverberate in late 2014, with the reference scientific
studies together in a volume entitled nostalgic „Lost Network – Business
ROMTELECOM”, vol. I prepared meticulously, until 2005, the scholar of a
founding member of the first Parliament of Romania in 1990, the President of
the Commission for investigation of abuse, Corruption and Complaints of the
Chamber of Deputies (2000-2004), Prof. Dr. Radu Ciuceanu.
Keywords: called privatization, lost network, business Romtelecom,
Chamber of Deputies, R.A, called privatization, corruption, telecomunications,
OTE, OTEROM, network communications
Cuvinte cheie: reţeaua pierdută, reţeaua de telecomunicaţii, Ministerul
Comunicaţiilor, electrocomunicaţii, comunicaţii digitalizate, reţea de fibră optică,
Romtelecom, OTE, OTEROM, privatizare, linii fizice de transmisiuni, căii de
comunicaţii, R.A.
Descarcare text


25-9 CONSIDERAȚII PRIVIND PUBLICAREA UNOR ARTICOLE ȘTIINȚIFICE

CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING PUBLICATION OF
SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES
In this paper, the authors are making some considerations regarding
the journals classification, different types of papers, general structure of the
articles and publishing procedures.
Keywords: scientific article, journals, indexing, articles structure
Cuvinte cheie: articol științific, reviste, indexare, structura articolelor
Descarcare text


25-8 O IMPRESIONANTĂ LUCRARE INGINEREASCĂ. TUNELUL FEROVIAR SAINT GOTHARD – ELVEŢIA

AN IMPRESSIVE ENGINEERING WORK.
SAINT GOTHARD RAIL TUNNEL – SWITZERLAND
In the last 25 years, the segment between Lugano and Zurich, the
traffic of trucks has increased 12 times. For the purpose of streamlining
transport and for the expansion of the Swiss rail network, because each year
through the tunnel will pass 6 million passengers and 50 million tons of cargo,
after 10 years of studies and 15 years of construction, materialized construction
of Saint-Gothard tunnel.
What is Saint Gothard?
1. Mountain range in the Alps Lepontine (Switzerland, max. 3,192 m),
consisting of crystalline, Granites South and streets. 2. Pass from long, 26 km,
located at 2,108 m altitude, on the border with Switzerland and Italy, which
provide the link between the two countries in the area of Reuss and Ticino
valleys. 3. Rail Tunnel, located 1,154 m high, built in the years 1872-1882,
between the villages of Airolo (Italy) and Andermatt (Switzerland), assigned for
a distance of 15 km from the Saint-Gothard. 4. Road tunnel, 16.3 km long,
opened to traffic in 1980, ensuring links between the settlements of Airolo (Italy)
and Andermatt (Switzerland). 5. The longest rail tunnel in the world, which
should enter into service in the year 2017, the core piece of the expansion of
the Swiss rail network.
Keywords: mountain range, passing the railway tunnel, the transalpine
road tunnel, the Swiss rail network expansion
Cuvinte cheie: masiv muntos, trecătoare transalpină, tunel feroviar,
tunel rutier, extindere rețea feroviară elvețiană
25-8


25-7 LUCIAN BLAGA ŞI TAINA CUVÂNTULUI

LUCIAN BLAGA ET LES MOTS SOUS LE SIGNE
DU MYSTÈRE
Le présent essai concernant la poétique de Lucian Blaga porte sur
quelques textes en mesure de révéler une sorte d’unité explosive dans
l’univers des thèmes, motifs, vision d’écrivain moderniste roumain, capable à
découvrir dans ce qui est national l’ouverture vers l’universel. Les traits
particulièrement roumains observés à l’intérieur des mythes autochtones
portent en eux-mêmes le germe de l’universel. Blaga découvre cela dans la
quête des mots symboliques et fondamentaux, quête fiévreuse, tendue, dans le
sommeil et la rêverie, dans l’exaltation ou bien en vertu de son intuition. Entre
le poète visionnaire et le mot s’installe le mystère, ambiance propice pour tout
artiste affirmant une conscience moderne.
Mots-clés: vision moderniste, mythes autochtones, mythe du sacrifice,
mère, néant, Dieu, Création
Cuvinte cheie: viziuni moderniste, mituri autohtone, mituri de
sacrificiu, mamă, neant, Dumnezeu, Creaţia
Descarcare text


25-6 O DEZVOLTARE ARMONIOASĂ A ŢĂRII

A HARMONIOUS DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY
Inventions can sustain civilization and can make countries thrive too.
To thrive and grow harmoniously, the country needs to discover and highlight
the talented and to achieve a lot of international inventions. They must be used
first in the country, to gain them credibility and then, to optimally exploit this
through massive export of patented goods.
Keywords: harmonious development, objective, ideal, patent
Cuvinte cheie: dezvoltare armonioasă, obiectiv, ideal, brevet
Descarcare text


25-5 O NOUĂ REVOLUȚIE INDUSTRIALĂ. PROVOCĂRI CARE IMPUN SCHIMBĂRI

A NEW INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.
CHALLENGES THAT REQUIRE CHANGES
The defining features of the new industrial society and views of some
exegetes are approached. Both the common and the contradictories views look
upon energy resources, concepts of employment, remuneration and training. The
encounter of ideas, that acquire increasingly wide and deep expansion into the
world of science and technology, is a valuable source of inspiration for the new
Romanian public policy concerning changes and the need of timing.
Keywords: the new industrial society, energy resources, training,
public policy
Cuvinte cheie: noua societate industrială, resurse energetice, pregătire
profesională, politici publice
Descarcare text


25-3 DESPRE PROIECTUL HIDROCENTRALEI TARNIŢA-LĂPUŞTEŞTI

AMBASADORUL CHINEI DECLARĂ CĂ SE FAC
STUDII PENTRU DEMARAREA PROIECTULUI
HIDROCENTRALEI DE LA TARNIŢA

Ambasadorul Republicii Populare Chineze în România, doamna
Yuzhen Huo, a declarat vineri (24 ianuarie 2014), referitor la
realizarea proiectului hidrocentralei de la Tarniţa-Lăpuşteşti, că în
prezent se fac studii pentru ca investiţia să demareze cât mai
curând.
Descarcare text


25-2 ÎN MEMORIA PROFESORULUI DORIN PAVEL

IN MEMORY OF PROFESSOR DORIN PAVEL PAUL
Engineer Mircea PRELIPCEAN, he studied with acad. Prof. ing. Dorin
Pavel hydraulic machines Department of Faculty of mechanics. As a sign of
homage and respectfully, gives some experienced stories near the teacher.
The message conveyed is that intelligence, preparation and honest work of
those trained at the Romanian school represents hope for correction to a
society of welfare and dignity, as he would have wished the Romanian Grand
patriot hydroenergetic Dorin Pavel.
Keywords: student of Professor Dorin Pavel, in addition to Professor
importants events, hopes for the future
Cuvinte cheie: studentul profesorului Dorin Pavel, întâmplări trăite
lângă profesor, speranțe de viitor
Descarcare text


25-1 DORIN PAVEL 2014

Cu deosebită plăcere și onoare, adresez un cuvânt de “Bun
venit” tuturor participanților la ediția a XIV-a A Conferinței internaționale
multidisciplinare, “Profesorul Dorin Pavel – fondatorul hidroenergeticii
româneşti” – Sebeş 2014.
Acest eveniment de tradiție la Sebeș, ne bucură în fiecare
an și ne oferă prilejul de a cunoaște și aplica ultimele cercetări din
domeniul tehnic, al hidroenergeticii, a celor dedicați acestei științe
și cărora le oferim respectul nostru necondiționat.
Descarcare text


17-43 MULTIPLICATOARE DE FRECVENłĂ MECANICE

MECHANICAL FREQUENCY MULTIPLIER
This paper work relates to new and useful improvements in devices
that convert and transmit power. At this new type of transmission beyond the
problems that concern the stability of system another necessity is that of
frequency multiplication since the mechanism works as self-regulating geared.
Author of such type of transmission has provided a number of solution for this
problem. This paper work contein a relatively detalied analysis of the
phenomen of multiplication and study the main opportunity to achieve
multiplication.
Cuvinte cheie: transmisie mecanică neconventională, auto-adaptare a
raportului de transmitere, multiplicare de frecvenŃă

43 MULTIPLICATOARE DE FRECVENłĂ


17-42 HIDROAGREGATE DE PERSPECTIVĂ ÎN DOMENIUL MICRO-HIDROTURBINELOR ÎN ROMÂNIA

FUTURE HYDROUNIT IN MICRO-HYDROTURBINES
AREA IN ROMANIA
This paper presents some future hydro unit, with perspective to be used
in micro turbines area in our country, for small hydropower stations.
Cuvinte cheie: micro-hidroagregate, micro-hidroturbine, perspectivă,
energie electrică

42 HIDROAGREGATE DE PERSPECTIVĂ ÎN DOMENIUL


17-41 PRINCIPII DE AUTOMATIZARE MODERNĂ A MICROHIDROAGREGATELOR

PRINCIPLES OF MODERN AUTOMATION REGARDING
SMALL HYDRO POWER UNITS
Small Hydro Power Plants – SHPP are considered among the
simplest power energy conversion installations in relation with their
technological process; however, by taking into account the risks of an
unbalanced operation and the ambition to be remote completely controlled
without permanent operational personnel, the specific required system of
automation herewith implemented, has to be one with higher performances,
microprocessors based.
Cuvinte cheie: scheme electrice de conexiuni, microhidrocentrale
electrice MHC, servicii proprii, acŃionări variabile, economie de energie,
convertoare de frecvenŃă, soft-startere

41 PRINCIPII DE AUTOMATIZARE MODERNĂ A


17-40 SOLUłII NOI PENTRU MASINILE HIDRAULICE

NEW SOLUTIONS FOR HYDRAULIC MACHINES
This is the worlds first time that is possible to simultaneously assure a
two advantage solution by one mathematical & technical elements combination
(provided from hydro-energetic and pumping). There become possible to
manufacture the bigger welded metal sheets viroles on the field better like
before (penstock lower bend, spiral casing and draft tube of the turbine). For
the bigger hydraulic pumps is possible to minimize the manufacturing cost for
draft tube & spiral casing to the double viroles. Finally is obtaining a globally
increase of work efficiency and abrasive & corrosive agents lowest sensitivity
too.
Cuvinte cheie: turbine hidraulice, pompe, camera spirale

40 SOLUłII NOI PENTRU MASINILE HIDRAULICE


17-39 INVESTIGAłII STRUCTURALE PRIVIND COMPOZIłIA ANTONINIENILOR ROMANI SUBERAłI

STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATION CONCERNING THE
COMPOSITION OF FOUREE ROMAN ANTONINIAN
The antoninians were issued for the first time by Emperor Caracalla in
year 215 as a monetary reform. It was minted as double denar denomination in
order to preserve the silver title. The silver title and coin weight decrease soon
due to inflation. The fouree antoninians were issued at large scale by Emperor
Aurelianus featuring on the coin obverse the XXI inscription. The structural
investigation performed on some fouree antoninians issued by Aurelian,
Probus, and Diocletian, shows copper as coin core and the related corrosion
oxides compounds related to the loss of the silver foil due to the ground
corrosion. The calculation prove that the foil silver amount represents one part
silver to twenty copper parts, meaning that inscription XXI on the coin obverse
is an official silver title mark. The continuous decaying of antoninians quality
lead to a monetary reform after Diocletian reign.
Cuvinte cheie: antoninieni romani, patina, structura, difracŃie cu raze X

39 INVESTIGAłII STRUCTURALE PRIVIND COMPOZIłIA


17-38 ISTORIA JUCĂRIILOR

THE HISTORY OF CHILDREN’S TOY’S
People have been making toys for thousands of years. Toys are often
viewed as a form of simple entertainment for children, although they can also
amuse adults, but they are also intellectually valuable. Play enriches cognitive
and social development, making it beneficial to young children, and it can act
as an icebreaker for adults as well. A toymaker usually has a sense of play or
interest in cognitive development, or may simply be struck with a good idea for
a toy and the willingness to follow up on the idea.
Cuvinte cheie: jucării, istorie

38 ISTORIA JUCĂRIILOR


17-37 APROXIMAREA ARIPII IDEALE PRIN DREPTE

APROXIMATION OF THE IDEAL WING BY STREIGHT LINES
The ideal wing has a parabola shape. Its realization is made
practically by using straight lines, resulting V wind, U wing, and Uoptimal wing.
Uoptimal wing is close to the parabola shape. Its deviation from the parabola is
of maximum 0.08 h (height of the wing extremity) at 0.5 t (t-half wingspan, 0 is
at the central wing), and to V wing (the most resistant to the shocks) of only 0,3
h, in the same point. U wing, having the extremities starting from the half of the
half wings, presents a 0.25 t deviation from parabola ideal wing and to V wing
of 0.5t in the same point (0.5 t), being less resistant to shocks.
Cuvinte cheie: aripă ideală, aripă V, aripă U, aripă Uoptim

37 APROXIMAREA ARIPII IDEALE PRIN DREPTE


17-36 ASUPRA UTILIZĂRII METODELOR GRAFICE LA PROIECTAREA SUPRAFEłELOR DE TRANZIłIE CONICE

ON THE GRAPHICAL METHODS OF THE CONICAL
TRANSITION SURFACES DESIGN
The component parts of various machines, equipments, devices or
installations from the machine-building consist of combinations of polyhedral or
curved surfaces. The passing from one surface to another is achieved by the
crooked lines in space, having non-coplanar points and which can be polygons
or curved lines. If the surfaces that compose the part are developable, they can
be made of flat sheets and their intersection line is even their joining line, e.g.
the welding belt. The paper presents the manufacturing possibility of some
parts of the flat sheets composed from the joining of two conical surfaces
having a common base.
Cuvinte cheie: suprafeŃe conice, piese de tranziŃie

36 ASUPRA UTILIZĂRII METODELOR GRAFICE


17-35 AVANTAJELE DESIGNULUI INDUSTRIAL

THE INDUSTRIAL DESIGN ADVANTAGE
Around the world companies are using industrial design and other
design disciplines to gain an advantage in the market place through superior
customer experience. Companies use industrial design to differentiate from
competitors. It helps companies to create more competitive products that fit
with the needs of the target customers and communicate desired brand values.
As a result industrial design improves business performance in all key metrics.
It would be a mistake however to think of industrial design as just making
another pretty product; it is about ensuring the product is user friendly and
operates effectively as well. “Design is not just what it looks like and feels like.
Design is how it works.” – Steve Jobs, Apple.
Cuvinte cheie: design industrial, competitivitate, avantaje

35 AVANTAJELE DESIGNULUI INDUSTRIAL


17-34 SCOALA DE VACANłĂ FREINET – TABĂRA CHEVERESUL MARE, JUDEłUL TIMIS

THE FREINET HOLIDAY SCHOOL – THE CHILDREN’S CAMP
CHEVERESUL MARE, TIMIS DISTRICT
This paper presents a pedagogical experiment that is still going on. It
started in 1998 in order to put to work some of the specific techniques of the
Freinet pedagogical alternative. Now Freinet Holidaz School is a place mend to
improve our work and to enable us to exchange ideas.
Cuvinte cheie: scoală de vacanŃă, ateliere lungi, ateliere scurte,
bilanŃul zilei, tehnici Freinet

34 SCOALA DE VACANłĂ FREINET – TABĂRA


17-33 IMPORTANłA ANTRENAMENTULUI ÎN FORMAREA SPORTIVULUI DE PERFORMANłĂ

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPORTIVE TRAINING
IN THE FORMS OF THE PERFORMANCE
OF THE SPORTSMEN
Similar to any other activities, the sportive training must be guided by a
specialist. This role is taken by the trainer who, by his preoccupation to promote
the sportive ideal, becomes the soul of the training process management. Thus,
he is the general manager.
Cuvinte cheie: capitalul uman (sportivi), antrenament, organizare,
managementul antrenamentului

33 IMPORTANłA ANTRENAMENTULUI ÎN FORMAREA


17-32 EVALUAREA SI IMPORTANłA ACESTEIA

THE EVALUATION AND HIS IMPORTANCE
In this paper we want presenting the general notion about the methods
of the evaluation in the sports. These are important to use because all the
students must be know ours performance sportsmen’s and the level of his
abilities.
Cuvinte cheie: evaluare, rolul evaluării sportive, metode de evaluare

32 EVALUAREA SI IMPORTANłA ACESTEIA


17-31 BAZELE COMPORTAMENTALE ALE COMUNICAłIILOR DE MARKETING. MODELE DE PROCESARE APLICABILE ÎN SPORT

BASIS BEHAVIOR OF MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS.
MODEL FOR PROCESSING IN SPORT
In the information processing by the consumer, and explain the
process of making the purchase decision by him there are two distinct
approaches to the way in, namely:
– The information processing – CIP, the consumer is considered a
governor analytical, systematic and logical;
– Hedonic or experiential approach, in which consumer decision based
on feelings, emotions, seeking pleasure or amusement.
The model of information processing CIP developed by the theorists is
cognitive – affective – conativ, which implies that the subject (buyer) is to solve a
problem that needs to take a major decision, which requires obtaining such
information.
Cuvinte cheie: consumator de sport, procesare, decizie, comunicaŃii
de marketing

31 BAZELE COMPORTAMENTALE ALE


17-30 GRUPURI SI COMPORTAMENT DE GRUPPARTICULARITĂłI ALE INTERACłIUNII ÎN GRUPURILE SPORTIVE

GROUPS AND GROUP BEHAVIOUR – FEATURES OF
INTERACTION IN SPORTS GROUPS
The performance and satisfaction of athletes and fans depend on
cohesion and team capacity or small group, which constitutes the basic psychosocial
reality of sports activity.
The analysis of mental and Psychosociology phenomena generated by
sports group will record some of the small group of sports-specific
characteristics that have implications for the entire process leading to it, on how
to bring training and performance.
Cuvinte cheie: grup sportiv, comportament, coeziune, eficacitate

30 GRUPURI SI COMPORTAMENT DE GRUPPARTICULARITĂłI


17-29 DE LA MULTICULTURALITATE LA DIALOG INTERCULTURAL

THE MULTICULTURALISM TO THE
INTERCULTURAL DIALOG
In this paper we present some aspect about our European
programme, were we include the multiculturalism, her importance in education
and in the communication.
Cuvinte cheie: multiculturalism, comunicare, interculturalitate, educaŃie

29 DE LA MULTICULTURALITATE LA DIALOG


17-28 CALITATEA PROGRAMELOR DE FORMARE

QUALITY OF TRAINING PROGRAMS
Maintaining balance between the demands of changing market and
employment practices, organizations have to continually re-invest and improve
the competitive profile of human resources in their possession. While most
managers recognize the need to attract, develop and provide long-term
workforce performance and innovation, only few managers feel comfortable
when it comes to investing in people, especially when income limits have been
reduced or when market conditions became increasingly harsh and
competitive. In time of economic stagnation or recession, investment in people
is often seen as a luxury rather than as an investment. Moreover, reducing
costs is a major objective of top management, so that the budget for training is
the first shot, without taking into account possible future erosion or current
competitive advantages.
Cuvinte cheie: capital uman, formare, competenŃe, ISO 10015

28 CALITATEA PROGRAMELOR DE FORMARE


17-27 DE LA DIDACTICĂ LA INSTRUIREA ASISTATĂ DE CALCULATOR

TO DIDACTICS TO THE COMPUTERS TRAINING
In this paper we make in evidence the importance of the computers
training in the educational process. We proposed some methods by used the
computer.
Cuvinte cheie: didactica, didactica specialităŃilor, instruire, instruire
asistată de calculator, metode de instruire asistate de calculator

27 DE LA DIDACTICĂ LA INSTRUIREA


17-26 PERFORMANłĂ SAU REGRESUL STUDENTULUI DIN LICEU SPRE FACULTATE

LA PEROFORMANCE OU LA REGRESS DU STUDENT
DE LYCÉE JUSQU’À LA FACULTÉ
L’ouvrage présent des aspects de la formation de la jeunesse
génération, qui parcours les courses du lycée et l’universitaire dans la
formation professionnelle. Sont présentées des aspects qui, à cause des
transformations du system éducationnelle roumaine, conduisent à une quelque
forme de manifestation d’absolvent d’université.
Cuvinte cheie: elev, student, profesor, educaŃie

26 PERFORMANłĂ SAU REGRESUL


17-25 ACTIVITĂłILE POLIłIENESTI VERSUS RISCURILE PRIVIND SECURITATEA SI SĂNĂTATEA POLIłISTILOR

POLICING VERSUS POLICE OFFICERS HEALTH AND
SAFETY RISKS
Police officers are expected to face significant dangers as part of their
job. The dynamics of policing as an occupation creates the conditions for them
to experience many hazards. This paper aims to identifie key risk factors of
police work, based on a comprehensive international literature review of police
occupational health and safety, and to recognize some possible solutions to
prevent the risks without breaking the balance between the operational and the
health and safety duties.
Cuvinte-cheie: riscuri ocupaŃionale, securitate si sănătate în muncă

25 ACTIVITĂłILE POLIłIENESTI VERSUS RISCURILE


17-24 SPORIREA SIGURANłEI RUTIERE PRIN ÎMBUNĂTĂłIREA CALITĂłILOR DE FRÂNARE ALE AUTOMOBILELOR

BRAKING CAPACITY IMPROVEMENTS
CONTRIBUTING TO ROAD SAFETY
Raising the automobile speed leads to higher energies to be
consumed by the braking system. The thermal proprieties of different brake
discs have been studied in different traffic situations, like speed and road
declivities. The study demonstrates that aluminum alloy discs have the best
thermal and thus the best friction characteristics.
Cuvinte cheie: automobil, sistem de frânare, disc autoventilat

24 SPORIREA SIGURANłEI RUTIERE PRIN


17-23 RECONSTRUCłIA ACCIDENTELOR RUTIERE MOTOCICLETĂ-AUTOMOBIL

MOTORCYCLE TO AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENT
RECONSTRUCTION
The impact possibilities on different angles between a motorcycle and
an automobile have been cinematically studied before, during and after the
impact. Diagrams of the trajectories, height, speed and sliding space and time,
during and after the impact, of the motorcycle driver have been drawn, based
on his motion equations. The general mathematical model proposed can be
used to reconstruct any particular impact case.
Cuvinte cheie: motocicletă, automobil, accident rutier

23 RECONSTRUCłIA ACCIDENTELOR RUTIERE


17-22 CERINłE EUROPENE VIZÂND PREVENIREA ACCIDENTELOR DE MUNCĂ ÎN ÎNTREPRINDERI MICI SI MIJLOCII

EUROPEAN REQUIREMENTS ON THE PREVENTION
OF THE WORKPLACE ACCIDENTS IN SMALL
AND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES
Occupational Health and Safety represents today one of the most
advanced field of the social policy of the European Union, due to the priority
allowed to the risk at work prevention in all Member States. A safe and healthy
working environment is an essential element of the quality of work. The
European Commission enlarged the aim of its activities in favor of information,
guidance and promotion of a healthy working environment, by paying particular
attention to small and medium sized enterprises. The new Strategy on health
and safety at work for 2007-2012 proposes to step up the EU ambition and to
aim for a 25 % reduction in the total incidence rate of accidents at work by 2012
in EU-27, by improving health and safety protection for workers.
Cuvinte cheie: securitate si sănătate în muncă, accident de muncă,
prevenire, riscuri profesionale

22 CERINłE EUROPENE VIZÂND PREVENIREA


17-21 PREVENIREA RISCURILOR PROFESIONALE DIN PERSPECTIVA ERGONOMIEI SI A SECURITĂłII SI SĂNĂTĂłII ÎN MUNCĂ

THE PREVENTION OF THE OCCUPATIONAL RISKS
ON THE APPROACH OF ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY
AND HEALTH AT WORK
Taking into account the prevention principles settled by the Framework
Directive 89/391/EEC on health and safety at work, in the context of the new
emerging risks, particularly of musculoskeletal disorders and mental illnesses,
the role of ergonomics in the design of workplaces is growing, contributing of
the improvement of the welfare at work. Ergonomics aims at adapting the work
to humans. The concept of proactive ergonomics deals with the need to adopt
measures to prevent occupational risks still in design stage. The classic
approach of the risk prevention must be updated by an ergonomic one having
in view the need to avoid the workplace accidents and occupational diseases.
Cuvinte cheie: ergonomie, securitate si sănătate în muncă, boală
profesională, prevenire, risc profesional

21 PREVENIREA RISCURILOR PROFESIONALE DIN


17-20 EFECTELE NOCIVE ALE INCENDIILOR ASUPRA OAMENILOR

THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF FIRES OVER HUMANS
Fires are fatalities that can produce many casualties, due to the high
temperatures, hot gases and also due to the toxicity of smoke and other gases.
The article below presents a general overview of the factors that negatively
affects humans.
Cuvinte cheie: incendiu, efecte negative ale incendiului, fum si gaze
toxice, arsuri si intoxicaŃii

20 EFECTELE NOCIVE ALE INCENDIILOR


17-19 ASUPRA CALCULULUI ANALITIC AL FIABILITĂłII

SUR LE CALCUL ANALYTIQUE DE LA FIABILITE
Le travail présente une étude de synthèse sur le calcul analytique de
la fiabilité. La fiabilité d’un objet, d’un élément, d’une composante ou d’un
système est une fonction de temps F(t), définie comme ça: la probabilité qui,
dans des conditions de l’environnement données et bien spécifiées, permets a
l’objet de fonctionner adenter, en mentant les paramètres préétablis dans
l’intervalle de temps (0, t). On a suivi l’algorithme de calcul de la fiabilité sur la
base des certaines prémisses.
Cuvinte cheie: fiabilitate, funcŃie de distribuŃie a căderilor, densitate de
probabilitate, buna funcŃionare, timp de funcŃionare fără defecŃiuni

19 ASUPRA CALCULULUI ANALITIC


17-18 DEFECTAREA SAU CĂDEREA – COMPONENTĂ IMPORTANTĂ A FIABILITĂłII

LE DEFECT OU LA TOMBEE
– COMPOSANTE IMPORTANTE DE LA FIABILITE
On présente une étude sur le defect ou la tombée, en faisant une
synthèse des taxonomies du defect ou de la tombée et des temps de
fonctionnement. Le defect ou la tombée est la perte de la capacité de
fonctionnement d’une pièce, un dispositif, une machine, une installation, un
procès technologique a cause des defects techniques ou technologiques, liés
au projet, a la fabrication l’exploitation. De même, on a suivi un algorithme de
calcul analytique du defect ou delà tombée.
Cuvinte cheie: defectare, cădere, timpi de funcŃionare, taxonomiile
defectării sau căderii, algoritm de calcul

18 DEFECTAREA SAU CĂDEREA


17-17 STUDIU COMPARATIV PRIVIND EFECTELE IMPOZITULUI FORFETAR ASUPRA FIRMELOR ROMÂNESTI

This paper is a comparative study on the effects of introducing the
lump (forfeit) tax in Romania for companies. In the work we study the
application of lump tax in France and Romania. The purpose of the study is to
determine the effects of the introduction and application of this tax on the
Romanian companies. The analysis is based on the data obtained from the
Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Cluj, Romania.
Cuvinte cheie: societăŃi comerciale, impozit forfetar, grilă de impozitare

17 STUDIU COMPARATIV PRIVIND EFECTELE

 


17-16 CERINłE: DEFINIłII SI CARACTERISTICI

REQUIREMENTS: DEFINITIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS
The literature of requirements engineering provide us the material
foundation to define a good requirements, classification type of requirements
and characteristics to define a good requirements, as well key issues to be
taken into account when we use requirements.
Cuvinte cheie: cerinŃe, ingineria cerinŃelor

16 CERINłE DEFINIłII SI CARACTERISTICI