Arhivă Revista


19-85 EVOLUŢIA PARAMETRILOR ATMOSFERICI ÎN PREZENŢA UNDEI DE ŞOC CAUZATĂ DE DETONAŢIA UNEI ÎNCĂRCĂTURI EXPLOZIVE

ATMOSPHERIC PARAMETERS IN THE PRESENCE
OF SHOCK WAVE CAUSED DETONATION OF AN
EXPLOSIVE CHARGE
The paper presents results of recent research on the effects of
detonation of explosive charges on the Earth’s atmosphere. Developments are
studied environmental parameters, temperature, pressure, speed, in the
presence of the shock wave.
Key words: detonation, explosive charge, blast, shock wave front, and
state variables
Cuvinte cheie: detonaţie, încărcătură explozivă, undă de şoc, frontul
undei de şoc, parametri de stare

85 EVOLUŢIA PARAMETRILOR ATMOSFERICI ÎN


19-86 CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND CURGEREA GAZELOR PRIN TUBURI CU DIAMETRE MICI

CONSIDERATIONS ON GAS FLOW THROUGH SMALL
DIAMETER TUBES
The paper refers to the study of movement of gas through small
diameter tubes. It customizes the case when the movement is considered onedimensional
mass-exchange, heat and mechanical work outside. Research
results are a tool in the design of small diameter pipes weapons.
Keywords: mass flow, one-dimensional motion, ballistics, power line
Cuvinte cheie: debit masic, mişcare unidimensională, balistică, linie de curent

86 CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND CURGEREA GAZELOR


19-87 LABORATORUL DE REZISTENŢA MATERIALELOR DIN FACULTATEA DE INGINERIE HUNEDOARA LA A 40-A ANIVERSARE

THE STRENGTH OF MATERIALS LABORATORY FROM
THE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING HUNEDOARA,
AT ITS 40th ANNIVERSARY
The paper focuses on presenting the Strength of Materials Laboratory
at its 40th anniversary. This lab has significantly contributed to the practical
training of the students, nevertheless playing an important part in performing
mechanical and technological experiments for Bachelor, Masters and PhD
topics as well as for various research grants.
Keywords: mechanical and technological tests, samples, test stands
Cuvinte cheie: încercări mecanice şi tehnologice, epruvete, standuri
experimentale

87 LABORATORUL DE REZISTENŢA MATERIALELOR


19-88 E,G ŞI  – CARACTERISTICI ELASTICE ALE MATERIALELOR

E, G ET  – CARACTÉRISTIQUES ÉLASTIQUES DES
MATÉRIAUX
On présente les contributions fondamentales des scientifiques –
mathématiciens et mécaniciens – au développement de la Résistance des
Matériaux et de la Théorie de l’Élasticité. T. Young, Ch. A. de Coulomb et S.D.
Poisson ont lié leurs noms – entre autres – aux paramètres qui définissent les
caractéristiques élastiques des matériaux: les modules d’élasticité (E et G) et le
coefficient de contraction transversale (). On souligne le fait que sans
connaître le plus exactement possible les valeurs de ces constantes, il devient
pratiquement impensable de concevoir et de réaliser rationnellement les
diverses structures mécaniques modernes.
Mots-clés: applications, barres, poutres, ressorts, plaques, le stress, la
tension, modules élastiques: longitudinale et transversale contraction
transversale coefficient, la conception rationnelle
Cuvinte cheie: solicitări, bare, grinzi, resorturi, plăci, tensiuni,
deformaţii, module de elasticitate: longitudinală şi transversală, coeficient de
contracţie transversală, proiectare raţională

88 E,G ŞI  – CARACTERISTICI ELASTICE ALE


19-89 LEGEA LUI HOOKE ÎNTR-O ABORDARE PLURIDISCIPLINARĂ

HOOKE’S LAW IN A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
This paper presents the Hooke’s law treatment from a multidisciplinary
perspective. This approach requires owners of competence in these areas:
Informatics, Technical Drawing, Mechanics and Physics. Multidisciplinary study
refers to an object in one and the same discipline by means of several
disciplines at once.
Keywords: transdisciplinarity, interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, metacognitive
skills, key skills, erosive agent, transgression, deforming force, tension (unit effort)
Cuvinte cheie: transdisciplinaritate, interdisciplinaritate, pluridisciplinaritate,
competenţe metacognitive, competentele cheie, agent eroziv,
transgresiune, forţă deformatoare, tensiune (efort unitar)

89 LEGEA LUI HOOKE ÎNTR-O ABORDARE


19-90 DETERMINAREA GRAFO-ANALITICĂ PE BAZA FRECVENŢEI PROPRII A ADÂNCIMII DEFECTULUI LA BARE ÎNCASTRATE

GRAPHIC-ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR DAMAGE DEPTH
DETERMINATION BASED ON NATURAL FREQUENCIES
AT CANTILEVER BEAM
The paper presents research results of authors in determining of the
damage depth for a cantilever beams by using natural frequencies. A graphicanalytical
method is proposed which permit to evaluate the damage depth and
localize the position of the damage on the beam length. The method is based
on results obtained from the numerical modal analysis for the first ten modes of
vibration. Experimental tests have confirmed the method and the results have
application in non-destructive examination based on vibration analysis.
Keywords: natural frequencies, defect, depth, bar mixer
Cuvinte cheie: frecvenţe proprii, defect, adâncime, bară încastrată

90 DETERMINAREA GRAFO-ANALITICĂ PE BAZA


19-91 ARBORE DE DISTRIBUŢIE TUBULAR AL MOTORULUI CU ARDERE INTERNĂ

TUBULAR CAMSHAFT FOR INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINE
The current paper presents the results of the study to investigate the
possibility of replacing the conventional camshaft of an internal combustion
engine, with a hollow, tubular cross section camshaft.
In the conventional form the camshaft is stamped or forged, and made
of iron, having a full circular section. The proposed tubular camshaft is made
out of steel, and the cams are attached by shrinking-on the shaft. We have
considered three constructive variants of the tubular camshaft.
The strain state and the tensions of the classical camshaft and the
three constructive variations of the tubular camshaft were examined using the
finite element method.
Keywords: tree distribution, strain, stress, finite element method
Cuvinte cheie: arbore de distribuţie, deformaţii, tensiuni, metoda
elementelor finite

91 ARBORE DE DISTRIBUŢIE TUBULAR


19-92 VARIANTE CONSTRUCTIVE PENTRU UN CAPTOR LAMELAR DE FORŢĂ DE 3 kN

CONSTRUCTION OPTIONS FOR A LAMELLAR
FORCE TRANSDUCER OF 3 kN
This paper presents the results of the study to design a lamellar force
transducer of 3 kN. We analysed and presented eight variants of the elastic
element of the transducer. All variants of the elastic element having the same
constructive dimensions. For each constructive variant we performed an
analysis of the state of stress and the state of strain using finite element
method. Choosing the best final variant was done taking into account the
variation of strains and tensions.
Keywords: force sensor, elastic element, finite element method
Cuvinte cheie: captor de forţă, element elastic, metoda elementelor finite

92 VARIANTE CONSTRUCTIVE PENTRU UN


19-93 SIMULAREA CU AJUTORUL METODEI ELEMENTELOR FINITE A ÎNCERCĂRII LA COMPRESIUNE A ARCULUI ELICOIDAL EXTERIOR AL BOGHIULUI Y 32 R

SIMULATION USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD IN
COMPRESSION TEST EXTERIOR BOGIE
SCREW ARC R 32 Y
This study aimed to simulate the finite element method of compression
test CAD model of the outer helical spring is part of the bogie frame Y32R. The
simulation sought to obtain verification of reception of the main features of the
arc, such as height L0 pregnancy due dates arc empty wagon (P0) and tensile
strength of steel at the load P given by overloaded wagon.
Making simulation using Finite Element Method implies a CAD model
of the helical spring outer model was developed using Solid Works 2005
software package. Subsequently, this model has undergone in the simulation
software package COSMOS Works 2005.
Keywords: finite element, stress, arrow nodal, elongation
Cuvinte cheie: elemente finite, tensiuni, săgeată nodală, alungire

93 SIMULAREA CU AJUTORUL METODEI ELEMENTELOR


19-94 STUDIUL ANALITIC ŞI NUMERIC AL DEPLASĂRILOR PENTRU O GRINDĂ ARTICULATĂ

THE ANALYTICAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY
OF DISPLACEMENTS FOR AN ARTICULATED BEAM
In this paper had realized an analytical and numerical study to
determine the displacements and stresses for an articulated square beam
loaded to bending. To realize this study had considered the following two
cases: a) the beam is continuous and b) the beam has a joint in the middle. For
numerical analysis had used the ANSYS 12.1 (for static and dynamic analysis)
and RDM software and for analytical study had used the relations from
literature.
Keywords: articulated beam, displacements, stresses, finite element
Cuvinte cheie: grindă articulată, deplasări, tensiuni, elemente finite

94 STUDIUL ANALITIC ŞI NUMERIC AL


19-95 MODIFICAREA STRUCTURII PORTANTE A VAGOANELOR CISTERNĂ ÎN VEDEREA CREŞTERII SARCINII PE OSIE ŞI MICŞORAREA TAREI VEHICULULUI

TANK WAGON BODY CHANGING IN PURPOSE TO
INCREASE AXLE LOAD AND TARE VEHICLE DECREASING
Lifetime of a railway wagon is around 30 year. During that time,
periodical revisions are made. In some cases, the wagon is subject to
modernization programs, which can prolong the lifetime of the wagon to 40
years or more. In some cases the wagon’s owner wish to increase wagonload
capacity in purpose to transport more, because 1 tone of load can increase
exponentially the value of the wagon.
Keywords: tank wagon, finite elements, Ansys, increasing container capacity
Cuvinte cheie: vagon cisternă, elemente finite, Ansys, creşterea
capacităţii recipientului

95 MODIFICAREA STRUCTURII PORTANTE A


19-96 FACTORUL DE INTENSITATE AL TENSIUNII (KI) PENTRU O CONDUCTĂ DE ABUR SUPUSĂ NUMAI LA ŞOC TERMIC (ΔθS)

STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR (KI) FOR A STEAM PIPE
SUBJECTED ONLY TO THERMAL SHOCK (ΔθS)
The temperature of a steam pipe is variable because of the steam
pressure variation inside of it. If the steam temperature variation takes place
during a short time, the steam is subjected under a thermal shock. The effect of
the thermal shock is superimposed on the effect of the mechanical load, going
to an additional load on the pipe. The thermal shocks are dangerous for the
strength elements.
In the paper is presented the variation of stress intensity factor of a
steam pipe subjected only to thermal shock.
Keywords: steam pipe, longitudinal cracks, thermal shock
Cuvinte cheie: conductă de abur, fisură longitudinală, şoc termic

96 FACTORUL DE INTENSITATE AL TENSIUNII (KI)


19-97 LOCALIZAREA DEFECTULUI ÎN BARE ÎNCASTRATE UTILIZÂND INDICELE ABATERII RELATIVE A FRECVENŢELOR PROPRII

LOCALIZATION OF DAMAGE IN CANTILEVER BEAMS USING
THE RELATIVE SHIFT IN NATURAL FREQUENCIES
This paper presents a method to locate the damages in cantilever
beams based on relative shift in natural frequencies. This method takes in to
account the particular manner in which the natural frequencies of the first then
modes change due to the occurrence of damage. The measured frequencies
changes are a compared with values contained in a databases, determined on
models using the finite element method. For these databases we consider a
large number of damages locations. By comparing the changes in frequencies
obtained trough measurements with those determined on models, for the first
ten vibration modes, it was possible to locate damages with high accuracy.
Keywords: vibration, bar mixer, frequencies, detecting defects
Cuvinte cheie: vibraţii, bară încastrată, frecvenţe proprii, detectarea
defectelor

97 LOCALIZAREA DEFECTULUI ÎN BARE ÎNCASTRATE


19-98 ÎNCERCĂRI TENSOMETRICE EFECTUATE LA ŞASIUL LOCOMOTIVELOR CU ABUR

STEAM LOCOMOTIVE FRAME EXPERIMENTAL
STRESS ANALYSIS
Experimental stress analysis with strain transducers bases where
discovered by Kelvin in 1850. Wheatstone bridge was already known from 1833
(it was made by Hunter Christie) was developed by Charles Wheatstone in
1843. In Romania experimental stress analysis method for railway vehicles is
used from 1960. The first testing laboratory was in now known Romanian
Railway Authority.
Keywords: steam engine, vibrates, tensometers
Cuvinte cheie: locomotivă cu abur, frem1, tensometrie

98 ÎNCERCĂRI TENSOMETRICE EFECTUATE


19-99 APLICAREA RECOMANDĂRII OIML R60-91 & ANEXA A-93 LA ÎNCERCAREA DE MODEL A CELULELOR DE CÂNTĂRIRE

L’APPLICATION DE LA RECOMMANDATION OIML
R60-91 & ANNEXE A-93 À L’ESSAI DE MODÈLE
POUR LES CELLULES DE PESÉE
Le travail se réfère aux performances métrologiques de 15 types des
cellules de pesée livrées par 11 constructeurs de 8 pays dans l’intervalle 1997-
2000, utilisant les résultats obtenus à l’essai de modèle (homologation
métrologique) des cellules conformément à la Recommandation Internationale
OIML R60-91. Les résultats expérimentaux ont été interprétés et présentés
d’après les rigueurs de l’Annexe A-93 de cette Recommandation. Finalement
on présente la dynamique des essais de modèle des cellules de pesée
effectués par l’Institut National de Métrologie (INM) Laboratoire de Timişoara
dans la période 1992-2000.
Keywords: load cells, test model, International Recommendation R60-
91 & Appendix A-93
Cuvinte cheie: celule de cântărire, încercare de model,
Recomandarea Internaţională R60-91 & Anexa A-93

99 APLICAREA RECOMANDĂRII OIML R60-91 &


19-100 STUDIUL FORŢELOR CARE ACŢIONEAZĂ ASUPRA OSULUI FEMURAL

STUDY OF FORCES THAT ARE APPLIED
ON THE FEMORAL BONE
The paper presents a general view over the biomechanics of the
femoral bone. The theme is treated both from the static (simple unipodal
stand) and dynamic (walking) perspective. The direction of the force that is
applied on the femoral bone as well as it’s value represent one of the main
infect in the forthcoming of the fracture. Their studies have a true importance
in the field of researching the appearance of fractures and the causes that
precede them.
Keywords: bone, human leg, hip bone, human walking
Cuvinte cheie: ţesut osos, membru inferior uman, os femural,
mersul uman

100 STUDIUL FORŢELOR CARE ACŢIONEAZĂ


19-101 UNELE ASPECTE PRIVIND PROIECTAREA ŢEVILOR ARMAMENTULUI DE INFANTERIE

TUBE DESIGN ON SOME ASPECTS OF
INFANTRY WEAPONS
This paper presents the pattern of modern interior design small arms
pipes. This model is a handy tool for optimizing military specialists’ constructive
characteristics of the pipes.
Keywords: rifled barrel, internal ballistics, finite element, the buoyant
spiral, mesh, design variables, objective function
Cuvinte cheie: ţeavă ghintuită, balistică interioară, element finit, spirală
arhimedică, discretizare, variabile de proiectare, funcţie obiectiv

101 UNELE ASPECTE PRIVIND PROIECTAREA


19-102 ASUPRA UNUI SISTEM MECANIC DE TIP FILIPPOV

ABOUT A MECHANICAL SYSTEM FROM FILIPPOV TYPE
This paper presents the convergence property for a class of nonsmooth
dynamical system, address primarily to Filippov system, namely
monotone measure diferential inclusions. The theory of Filippov offer a
generalized definition of the solution of diferential equation which includes
system with a discontinuous right – hand side.
Keywords: nonsmooth mechanical system, the theory of Filippov, dry friction
Cuvinte cheie: sistem mecanic neneted, teoria Filippov, frecare uscată

102 ASUPRA UNUI SISTEM MECANIC DE TIP FILIPPOV


9-103 ECUAŢIA PANTOGRAFULUI ŞI GENERALIZĂRI

THE PANTOGRAPH EQUATION AND ITS GENERALIZATIONS
In the paper we present some results about the pantograph equation
and its generalizations. By using Picard operators technique we give existence,
uniqueness and data dependence results for the solution of a Cauchy problem.
Keywords: differential equations, the pantograph equation, Operator Theory
Cuvinte cheie: ecuaţii diferenţiale, ecuaţia pantografului, teoria operatorilor

103 ECUAŢIA PANTOGRAFULUI ŞI GENERALIZĂRI


19-104 CERCETĂRI PRIVIND STUDIUL VIBRAŢIILOR MECANICE CU SISTEME DE ACHIZIŢII DE DATE

RESEARCH ON STUDY MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS
WITH DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS
The paper presents a new study method of mechanic vibrations with
the help of the data acquisition systems. The study of vibrations with the help of
data acquisition systems allows the solving of some engineering problems
connected to the measurement of some parameters which are difficult to
measure having in view the improvement of the technical performances of the
industrial equipment or devices.
Keywords: mechanical vibration, data acquisition, block diagram
Cuvinte cheie: vibraţii mecanice, achiziţii de date, diagrama bloc

104 CERCETĂRI PRIVIND STUDIUL VIBRAŢIILOR


19-106 ANALIZA COMPORTĂRII FIZIOLOGICE ŞI FUNCŢIONALE SUB ACŢIUNEA VIBRAŢIILOR

STUDY ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL
CHANGES UNDER THE VIBRATIONS
This paper is designe to provide a better knowledge and increase
awareness about the action of vibrations on the human body, the possible
action in the human functions and them refind in the short time. These
vibrations can produce some changes in the body and ultimately affect health.
Keywords: environment, health, disruptive agent, disability, vibration
Cuvinte cheie: mediu, sănătate, agent perturbator, handicap, vibraţii

106 ANALIZA COMPORTĂRII FIZIOLOGICE ŞI


19-107 AFECŢIUNI ALE SISTEMULUI UMAN MÂNĂ-BRAŢ DATORATE VIBRAŢIILOR MAŞINILOR-UNELTE PORTABILE

DISORDERS OF THE HUMAN HAND-ARM SYSTEM
VIBRATION DUE PORTABLE MACHINE-TOOLS
This paper is designed to be an information to the public about the
importance of portable machine-tool vibration action on the human body and
particularly on the hand-arm system.
The primary objective of the present paper is to show the effect of
whole-body vibration and identify those moderating variables that influence the
degree to which human performance is affected, and also to highlight a certain
amount of diseases caused by prolonged exposure to vibrations of portable
machine tools.
Keywords: mechanical vibration, portable machine tools, hand-arm
Cuvinte cheie: vibraţii mecanice, maşini-unelte portabile, mână-braţ

107 AFECŢIUNI ALE SISTEMULUI UMAN MÂNĂ-BRAŢ


19-108 EFECTELE PSIHOACUSTICE ALE ZGOMOTULUI EMIS DE MAŞINILE-UNELTE

PSYCHOACOUSTIC EFFECTS OF STRUCTURAL
NOISE ISSUED FOR MACHINE-TOOLS
This paper presents a summary of literature information regarding the
risk for employees exposed to structural noise at work environment with
increasing neuropsychological and psyhosenzorial stress and at work
environment strating by psyhoacustics effects.
Keywords: mechanical vibration, Structural noise, psychoacoustic
effects
Cuvinte cheie: vibraţii mecanice, zgomot structural, efecte
psihoacustice

108 EFECTELE PSIHOACUSTICE ALE ZGOMOTULUI


19-109 STUDIUL DINAMIC AL ROBOTULUI SERIAL MODULAR SUSPENDAT TTRT

THE DYNAMIC STUDY OF THE SUSPENDED TTRT SERIAL
MODULAR ROBOT
From the dynamic studies performed on a family of robots proposed to
serve the radiators flow process, made at SC RAAL SA Bistriţa, the authors
present in this paper the dynamic study of serial modular robot suspended
TTRT. Using the Lagrange’s equations of second kind, the robot’s dynamic
equations were derived.
The algorithm which leads to the dynamic equations includes: the
kinetic energy of the robot, after, in advance, the kinetic energies of the
component modules were determined and the generalized driving forces were
established.
The dynamic study of the robot allows the calculation of the actuators
and determining the optimal variant of arrangement of the modules in the robot
structure, so that the energy consumption will be minimal.
Keywords: Lagrange equations, radiator, kinetic energy, motors
generalized forces, actuator, dynamic equations
Cuvinte cheie: ecuaţiile lui Lagrange, radiator, energie cinetică, forţe
generalizate motoare, motor de acţionare, ecuaţii dinamice

109 STUDIUL DINAMIC AL ROBOTULUI SERIAL MODULAR


19-110 MODELAREA DINAMICĂ A MANIPULATORULUI TT ÎNTR-O LINIE AUTOMATĂ DE MONTAJ

DYNAMICS MODELLING OF A TT MANIPULATOR
FOR AN ASSAMBLAGE LINE OF AUTOMATION
This paper has a destination to express the dynamics ecuations of a
manipulator used into an line built for an assemblage line of automation. This
line is a part of experimental stand made for the images data in a mechanical
structure.
Keywords: structural mechanics, dynamic equations, automatic
assembly line
Cuvinte cheie: structură mecanică, ecuaţii dinamice, linie automată de
montaj

110 MODELAREA DINAMICĂ A MANIPULATORULUI TT


19-111 METODĂ DE DIMENSIONARE A ELEMENTELOR ACTIVE DIN ALIAJE CU MEMORIA FORMEI AFLATE ÎN COMPONENŢA UNUI ACTUATOR PENTRU UN MODUL ROBOTIC DE PREHENSIUNE

DIMENSIONING METHOD OF SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
ACTIVE ELEMENTS OF AN ACTUATOR FOR A ROBOTIC
PREHENSION MODULE
Even it has been recognized that Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) have a
significant potential for deployment actuators, the number of applications of
SMA-based actuators to the present day is still quite small, due to the need of
deep understanding of the thermo-mechanical behaviour of SMA. Thus, the
paper presents a dimensioning method for the electrically heated active
elements of a robotic prehension system in order to obtain maximal stroke and
displacement.
Keywords: actuator, grip strength, shape memory alloy, sizing
Cuvinte cheie: actuator, prehensiune, aliaj cu memoria formei,
dimensionare

111 METODĂ DE DIMENSIONARE A ELEMENTELOR


19-112 ANALIZĂ COMPARATIVĂ PRIVIND ALEGEREA MOTOARELOR DE ACŢIONARE A ROBOŢILOR DESTINAŢI FLUXĂRII RADIATOARELOR

THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHOOSING
ACTUATORS OF THE PROPOSED ROBOTS
AT THE RADIATORS PRESERVATION
În this paper is presented a comparative analysis of the designed
robots in terms of energies consumptions. Having the dynamic analysis, the
choosen types engine and their characteristics, the comparative analysis can
be done. Following the analysis, it is recommended to build the robots: RT,
RTT, suspended TRT and TTRT.
Keywords: benchmarking, Preservation, radiator, engine actuators, immersion
Cuvinte cheie: analiză comparativă, pastare, radiator, motor de
acţionare, imersare

112 ANALIZĂ COMPARATIVĂ PRIVIND ALEGEREA


19-113 ASPECTE ALE CONSTRUCŢIEI ŞI IMPLEMENTĂRII FAMILIEI DE ROBOŢI PROPUŞI A FI UTILIZAŢI LA FLUXAREA RADIATOARELOR

ASPECTS OF THE CONSTRUCTION AND IMPLEMENTATION
OF FAMILY ROBOTS PROPOSED TO BE USED AT THE
RADIATORS PRESERVATION
The authors have concepted, calculated and designed a family of
industrial robots, possessing two, three, four degrees of freedom, made at SC
RAAL SA Bistriţa for the radiators preservation. Taking into account the
dynamics of each robot and the mechanical structure of the modules from the
robots construction, the calculations of choosing the engines, were determined.
In the paper are presented the TR, RT, TRT, TTRT robots
implemented in the preservation of the radiators. În the second part of the
paper was presented a comparative analysis of the designed robots in terms of
energies consumptions. Following the analysis, it is recommended to build the
robots: RT, RTT, suspended TRT and TTRT.
Keywords: energy consumption, Preservation, radiator, robot dynamics
Cuvinte cheie: consum energetic, pastare, radiator, dinamica robotului

113 ASPECTE ALE CONSTRUCŢIEI ŞI IMPLEMENTĂRII


19-114 CALCULUL MOTOARELOR DE ACŢIONARE PENTRU ROBOTUL INDUSTRIAL SUSPENDAT TTRT

THE CALCULATION OF THE ACTUATORS FOR THE
SUSPENDED TTRT INDUSTRIAL ROBOT
In this paper are calculated the actuators, considering the whole robot
dynamics and the mechanical structure of each module. This calculation
involves the following steps: the identification from the established system of
differential equations, the differential equation for each module; depending on
the construction of each module, the relation between the driving force from the
output mode and the actuators power is established; the introduction of the
driving force expression in the motion differential equation; using the imposed
or calculated numerical data the report from this equation is determined;
the determination of the actuator’s moment M and the choosing from a
actuator’s catalogue the actuator that has the moment value higher than
calculated.
n
Keywords: robot, actuator, mechanical structure, power engines,
differential equation
Cuvinte cheie: robot, motor de acţionare, structură mecanică, forţă
motoare, ecuaţie diferenţială

114 CALCULUL MOTOARELOR DE ACŢIONARE PENTRU


19-115 CONCEPŢIA ŞI PROIECTAREA ROBOŢILOR MODULARI SERIALI TTTR ŞI TTRT SUSPENDAŢI

THE CONCEPT AND DESIGN OF THE SUSPENDED TTTR
AND TTRT SERIAL MODULAR ROBOTS
This paper presents the concept and design of the suspended TTRT
and TTTR serial robots, prepared for the radiators flow operation, made at SC
RAAL SA Bistriţa. The modular construction of the robots was opted. Thus, the
supporting structure of the robots, the longitudinal translation modules and the
horizontal transverse, the drive mechanisms, the translation sled, the
translation sleepers, the vertical translation and rotation modules were
designed. All of these subassemblies were included in the assemble of TTRT
and TTTR robots. In the final part of the paper the authors make reference to
the comand and control operating system of the robots.
Keywords: Longitudinal translational mode, the translation cross, drive
mechanism, translational sled, drive system
Cuvinte cheie: modul de translaţie longitudinală, traversă de translaţie,
mecanism de antrenare, sania de translaţie, sistem de acţionare

115 CONCEPŢIA ŞI PROIECTAREA ROBOŢILOR


20-1 MODELISATION DU COMPORTEMENT D’UN MULTICOUCHE DISSYMETRIQUE

MODELAREA COMPORTAMENTULUI UNUI
MULTISTRAT ASIMETRIC
Structurile multistrat compozit au din ce în ce mai multe şi mai
frecvente utilizări pentru proiectarea structurilor mecanice. Depinzând de o
luminozitate mare, ele sunt, în general, structuri rezistente, pentru a sprijini
sarcini importante. În această lucrare se propune un nou model de structuri
multistrat pentru a răspunde diverselor funcţionalităţi: tratarea structurilor nonsimetrice
multistrat, verificarea exactă a condiţiilor de frontieră, verificarea
continuităţii pentru deplasări şi tensiuni transversale de forfecare la interfeţele
structurilor multistrat, pentru a îmbunătăţi rafinarea din punct de vedere al
membranei şi al forfecării transversale.
Cuvinte cheie: compozite asimetrice, elemente finite, modele rafinate,
interfeţe, forfecare transversală, membrană
MODELING THE BEHAVIOR OF DISSYMMETRICAL
MULTI-LAYERS
The multi-layer composite structures are more and more frequently
used for the design of mechanical structures. Dependent on a great lightness,
they are in general structures resistant, likely to support important loadings. In
this work we propose the new model of multilayer structures to answer the
various following functionalities: to treat the non-symmetrical multi-layer
structures, to check the boundaries conditions exactly, to check continuity for
displacements and stresses shear transverse to the interfaces of the multilayer
structures, to improve refinement of the terms of membrane and transverse
shearing In the absence of exact solutions (for multi-layer the non-symmetrical
ones) the validity of the model will be tested on problems resulting from threedimensional
solutions obtained by finite elements.
Keywords: asymmetric composite, finite elements, refined models,
interfaces, transverse shear, membrane
Mots clés: composites dissymétriques, éléments finis, modèles
raffinés, interfaces, cisaillement transverse, membrane

1 MODELISATION DU COMPORTEMENT D’UN


20-2 DETERMINATION D’UN CRITERE DE FATIGUE D’UN MATERIAU COMPOSITE PAR UNE METHODE NON DESTRUCTIVE

DETERMINAREA UNUI CRITERIU DE OBOSEALĂ A UNUI
MATERIAL COMPOZIT PRINTR-O METODĂ NEDISTRUCTIVĂ
Este propusă o nouă metodă de determinare a limitei de rezistenţă a
unui compozit cu o cameră în infraroşu. Testele de oboseală pe o epruvetă
pentru creşterea nivelului de încărcare, fac posibilă o analogie între încălzirea
locală şi prejudiciu. Rezultatele sunt comparate cu curbele Wöhler obţinute pe
un număr mare de exemple.
Cuvinte cheie: oboseală, compozite, infraroşu, prejudiciu, limită de
anduranţă
DETERMINATION A FATIGUE CRITERION OF A
COMPOSITE MATERIAL BY A NONDESTRUCTIVE METHOD
A new method of determination of the limit of endurance of a
composite by an infra-red camera is proposed. Fatigue tests on a specimen on
increasing levels of load, makes it possible to make the analogy between the
local heating and the damage. The results are compared with the curves of
Wöhler obtained with a great number of specimens.
Keywords: fatigue, composites, infrared, injury, old endurance
Mots clés: fatigue, composite, infrarouge, endommagement, limite
d’endurance

2 DETERMINATION D’UN CRITERE DE FATIGUE D’UN


20-3 MODELISATION DE L’IMPACT DE LA MAINTENANCE SUR LE ”LIFE CYCLE COST” D’UN PARC D’EOLIENNES

MODELAREA IMPACTULUI MENTENANŢEI ASUPRA
“COSTULUI CICLULUI DE VIAŢĂ” A UNUI PARC DE EOLIENE
În cazul integrării surselor de energie regenerabilă, calculul LCC (Life
Cycle Cost – costul ciclului de viaţă) este considerat ca fiind cel mai bun mod
de a evalua impactul asupra mediului. Costul ciclului de viaţă al unei turbine
eoliene poate fi împărţit în şase părţi: dezvoltarea, proiectarea, fabricarea,
instalarea, exploatarea şi dezafectarea. Această lucrare este o contribuţie la
evaluarea costurile de operare ale unei ferme eoliene de 2 MW, reprezentând
partea stochastică în calculul LCC. O bază de date pe 5 ani de funcţionare a
208 turbine eoliene răspândite în peste 35 de parcuri a fost folosită pentru a da
o primă estimare a LCC pentru fiecare turbină şi ca să se definească tendinţele
temporale ale MTBF şi MTTR.
Cuvinte cheie: eoliană, ciclu de viaţă, costuri de exploatare
MODELISATION OF THE MAINTENANCE IMPACT
ON THE ”LIFE CYCLE COST” OF WIND TURBINE PARKS
In the case of the integration of renewable energy sources, the
calculation of LCC is considered as the best way to assess the impact on the
environment. The Life Cycle Cost of a wind turbine can be divided into six
parts: design, development, manufacturing, installation, operation and
decommissioning. This paper is a contribution to assess the costs of operating
a wind farm of 2MW representing the stochastic part in the calculation of the
database of 5 years functioning of 208 wind turbines spread over 35
parks has been used to give a first estimate of the LCC of each turbine and
define temporal trends of MTBF and MTTR.
Keywords: wind, life cycle operating costs
Mots clés: éolien, cycle de vie, coûts d’exploitation

3 MODELISATION DE L’IMPACT DE LA MAINTENANCE


20-4 MANAGEMENT DE LA PERFORMANCE ENERGETIQUE

MANAGEMENTUL PERFORMANŢEI
ENERGETICE
Necesitatea de a conserva energia şi lupta împotriva emisiilor de COV
induce schimbări în natura surselor de energie şi a modurilor de consum.
Politicile energetice actuale nu sunt destinate pentru a creşte consumul de
energie în acelaşi timp cu creşterea economică. Pentru a atinge această
performanţă, companiile dezvoltă planuri de acţiune în jurul unui nou model de
creştere. Astăzi, există mai multe instrumente de diagnostic, dar planurile nu
sunt întotdeauna viabile, din punct de vedere economic. Scopul acestei lucrări
este de a oferi experienţe în aplicarea acestor metode de management a
energiei in diverse companii.
Cuvinte cheie: norme, reglementare, energii regenerabile

4 MANAGEMENT DE LA PERFORMANCE


20-5 OUTIL DE DECISION D’IMPLANTATION D’UNE CENTRALE PHOTOVOLTAÏQUE AU SOL

INSTRUMENT DE DECIZIE PENTRU IMPLANTAREA UNEI
CENTRALE FOTOVOLTAICE PE SOL
Obiectul acestui studiu este de a evalua influenţa adăugării de
trackere solare la consolidarea sistemelor fotovoltaice. Studiile teoretice arată
că trackerul poate creşte performanţa unei flote cu aproximativ 30 la 40 %. Cu
toate acestea, această tehnologie duce la alte constrângeri, cum ar fi creşterea
în spaţiului la sol. O alternativă este de a compensa această pierdere prin
adăugarea unui sistem de variaţie sezonieră a înclinării. Acesta poate avea o
pantă diferită, de vară şi de iarnă, pentru a maximiza producţia şi a permite o
creştere de la 5 la 10 % a producţiei.
Cuvinte cheie: fotovoltaic, concepţie, dimensionare, centrale la sol
DECISIONNEL TOOL FOR
ONSHORE SOLAR POWER PLANT
The subject of this study is to assess the influence of the addition of
solar trackers in the enhancement of photovoltaic systems. Theoretical studies
show that tracker can increase the performance of a fleet of about 30 to 40 %.
However, this technology leads to other constraints such as the increase in
floor space. An alternative is to compensate this loss by adding a system of
seasonal variation of inclination. This, can have a different slope in summer and
winter to maximize production and allow an increase of 5 to 10 % of production.
Keywords: photovoltaic, design, sizing, ground stations
Mots clés: Photovoltaïque, conception, dimensionnement, centrale au sol

5 OUTIL DE DECISION D’IMPLANTATION


20-6 L’ECOLE D’INGENIEURS DU CESI

ŞCOALA DE INGINERI DE LA CESI
Lucrarea prezintă istoria unei şcoli franceze originală, ce oferă formare
continuă şi programe într-o structură privată. Se dau, de asemenea, unele
informaţii despre legăturile cu companii şi modul în care se predă studenţilor.
Cuvinte cheie: şcoală de ingineri, Franţa, şcoală privată, întreprindere
OF THE CESI ENGINEERS SCHOOL
The paper presents the history of an original French school, providing
continue and sandwich training in a private structure. We give some information
about links with companies and how we teach those students.
Keywords: engineering school, France, private school business
Mots clés: école d’ingénieurs, France, école privée, entreprise

6 L’ECOLE D’INGENIEURS DU CESI


20-7 UTILIZAREA SURSELOR REGENERABILE DE ENERGIE ÎN ROMÂNIA

THE USE RENEWABLE ENRGY SOURCES IN TO ROMANIA
The energy strategy to value the potential of the energy sources is
inscribed in the coordinates of the long term Romanian energetic development.
The energy renewable sources represent an important component of the longlasting
energy development. Electricity production causes gases emission with
a greenhouse effect, mainly due to carbon dioxide and other pollutants. These
gases cause the rising of the Earth temperature, and so a smaller consume will
diminish the detrimental effect on the environment and will help to obtain long
lasting development of the life-style.
Keywords: renewable energy, energy efficiency, energy consumption,
greenhouse gas emissions, fossil fuels
Cuvinte cheie: energie regenerabilă, eficienţă energetică, consum de
energie, gaze cu efect de seră, combustibili fosili

7 UTILIZAREA SURSELOR REGENERABILE


20-8 PREOCUPĂRILE COMITETELOR TEHNICE ALE ORGANISMELOR INTERNAŢIONALE ŞI EUROPENE DE STANDARDIZARE PRIVIND MANAGEMENTUL ENERGIEI, EFICIENŢA ENERGETICĂ ŞI SURSELE REGENERABILE DE ENERGIE

PANORAMA OF THE TC, SC FROM ISO, IEC, CEN AND
CENELEC CONCERNED BY ENERGY MANAGEMENT,
ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
SOURCES
Standardization activities of CENELEC, CEN and ETSI are involved in
the field of energy management, renewable energy sources and improving of
their standardization work. Scope of the CENELEC TC 111X is to coordinate
the developed of standardization activities in dealing with environmental
aspects.
Keywords: energy, energy efficiency, energy management, renewable
energy, environmental protection, quality
Cuvinte cheie: energie, eficienţă energetică, management energetic,
energie regenerabilă, protecţia mediului, calitate

8 PREOCUPĂRILE COMITETELOR TEHNICE ALE


20-9 CONTROLUL NUMERIC AL SISTEMELOR DE SURSE DE ENERGIE ELECTRICĂ NECONVENŢIONALE ŞI CONVENŢIONALE

NUMERIC CONTROL OF THE CONVENTIONAL
AND UNCONVENTIONAL ELECTRICAL
ENERGY SOURCES SYSTEMS
Here we try to find a compromise way of controlling a continuous
variable power system by adopting a hybrid architecture in which the renewable
energy sources are coupled with the classic power grid. In such an architecture,
a big issue is the control algorithm for management of the energy sources,
which had to be designed in such a way that the final consumer remain
powered on at all times. We proposed a control algorithm which compares the
input and output powers, if the input power is lower than the output, then the
batteries are charged, and in the reverse situation the power sources are
coupled gradually until the load demand is satisfied.
Keywords: solar, photovoltaic, wind, algorithm, hybrid, renewable
sources
Cuvinte cheie: solare, fotovoltaice, eoliene, algoritm, hibrid, din surse
regenerabile

9 CONTROLUL NUMERIC AL SISTEMELOR DE SURSE


20-10 EVALUAREA ENERGIEI SOLARE INCIDENTE PE COLECTORII CU AXĂ FIXĂ EST-VEST ÎN REGIUNEA TIMIŞOAREI

EVALUATION OF SOLAR ENERGY INCIDENT ON SOLAR
COLLECTORS WITH FIXED EAST-WEST AXIS IN THE
REGION OF TIMIŞOARA
The solar energy incident monthly and yearly on mobile solar collectors
with fixed east-west axis is evaluated and compared to solar energy incident on
fixed solar collectors. The calculation is based on hourly global and diffuse
radiation data measured in Timişoara, Romania in 2009 and on an isotropic
radiation model. Results are useful for design and evaluation of solar
installations.
Keywords: solar energy, solar collectors, mobile model of isotropic radiation
Cuvinte cheie: energie solară, colectori solari mobili, model de radiaţie
izotrop

10 EVALUAREA ENERGIEI SOLARE INCIDENTE PE


20-11 ABORDAREA TRANSDISCIPLINARĂ A EFECTULUI FOTOELECTRIC EXTERN – ÎNCĂRCĂTOR SOLAR

A TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH OF THE EXTERNAL
PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT – SOLAR CHARGER
Studies carried out on the external photoelectric effect for the average
youth education and awareness importance develop their „green energy”.
Keywords: external photoelectric effect, photoelectric cell, electricity,
solar radiation, photovoltaic, battery charger
Cuvinte cheie: efect fotoelectric extern, celulă fotoelectrică, curent
electric, radiaţie solară, celule fotovoltaice, încărcător acumulatori

11 ABORDAREA TRANSDISCIPLINARĂ A EFECTULUI


20-12 STUDIU COMPARATIV AL CAPTATORILOR SOLARI CU SUPRAFEŢE PLANE ŞI SFERICE PRIN PRISMA EFICIENŢEI CONVERSIEI ENERGIEI SOLARE ÎN ENERGIE TERMICĂ

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FLAT AND SPHERICAL SOLAR
COLLECTORS REGARDING THE EFFICIENCY CONVERSION
OF SOLAR ENERGY IN THERMAL ENERGY
The paper makes a comparative analysis of the conversion efficiency
of flat plate solar collectors and spherical solar collectors. The main structural
and functional characteristics of flat plate and spherical collectors are
presented. In the final part of the paper recommendations on possible use of
spherical solar collectors are proposed.
Keywords: solar collector plane, spherical solar collector, output,
convert radiation, solar
Cuvinte cheie: captator solar plan, captator solar sferic, randament,
conversia radiaţiei, energie solară

12 STUDIU COMPARATIV AL CAPTATORILOR SOLARI


20-13 UTILIZAREA ENERGIEI SOLARE ÎN REŢELELE ANTIGRINDINĂ

SOLAR ENERGY USE IN ANTIHAIL NETWORKS
This work paper shows a solution for the problem concerning the
power supply of low power consumers placed in isolated areas having no
access to electrical power network. The solution is based on a stand alone
photovoltaic system.
A microcontroller development system was conceived in order to
assure a high performance for the photovoltaic system. A system of this kind
assures an automatic orientation of a photovoltaic panel and also allows to plug
in as well as to unplug the consumers depending on both the priorities and the
energy we have at our disposal in the electric accumulators.
Keywords: energy, photovoltaic, monitor, rain, guidance system
Cuvinte cheie: energie, fotovoltaică, monitorizare, antigrindină, sistem
de orientare

13 UTILIZAREA ENERGIEI SOLARE ÎN REŢELELE


20-14 EVALUAREA POTENŢIALULUI DE ENERGIE DIN BIOMASĂ SOLIDĂ PENTRU ZONA PETRU RAREŞ-RETEAG

ASSESSMENT OF SOLIDBIOMASS ENERGY
POTENTIAL FOR PETRU RAREŞ –RETEAG AREA
The work refers to theoretical and technical potential for energy
production from biomass in rural areas of Transylvania. The paper aims to
identify the main types of solid biomass available in Petru Rareş-Reteag area
and how to exploit these resources.
Keywords: hydropower, biomass, agricultural production, the Peter Rares
Cuvinte cheie: potenţial energetic, biomasă solidă, producţii agricole,
zona Petru Rareş

14 EVALUAREA POTENŢIALULUI DE ENERGIE


20-15 ASPECTE PRIVIND VALORIFICAREA ENERGIEI GEOTERMALE ÎN ROMÂNIA

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY EXPLOITATION IN ROMANIA
Due to the scientific breakthrough of the last century, geothermal
energy may now be used on a national, even global scale to produce both
electricity and heat. In Romania, geothermal energy is used to produce heat,
the main sources being located in the western area of the country.
Keywords: geothermal energy resources, potential, recovery
Cuvinte cheie: energie geotermală, resurse, potenţial, valorificare

15 ASPECTE PRIVIND VALORIFICAREA ENERGIEI


20-16 ANALIZA DIFERITELOR METODE DE OBŢINERE A HIDROGENULUI

ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT METHODSFOR
HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
This work enumerates and analyses a few methods of obtaining
gaseous hydrogen from different substances and materials. This gas serves
basically for automotive propulsion for the reduction of harmful emissions from
classic fossil fuels.
Keywords: hydrogen production, electrolysis, bacteria, decomposition, gas
Cuvinte cheie: hidrogen, producere, electroliza, bacterii, descompunere, gaz

16 ANALIZA DIFERITELOR METODE DE OBŢINERE


20-17 IMPORTANŢA ECO-ENERGETICĂ A CELULEI DE COMBUSTIE CU HIDROGEN

ECO-ENERGETICAL EFFICIENCY OF
HYDROGEN FUEL CELL
This paper presents the importance and perspective of hydrogen as an
energy carrier, now when hydrogen fuel cells can be an option for reducing the
emissions from the transportation sector. It is also described the operating
mode of a hydrogen fuel cell and most importantly, there are emphasized the
recent achievements regarding the key candidate materials for hydrogen
storage, which is an essential factor in the commercialization of hydrogen fuel
cell vehicles.
Keywords: pollution, fuel cell, hydrogen storage materials, storage
Cuvinte cheie: poluare, celula de combustie, hidrogen, stocare,
materiale de stocare

17 IMPORTANŢA ECO-ENERGETICĂ A CELULEI


20-18 MODELAREA PILELOR CU COMBUSTIBIL CU MEMBRANĂ SCHIMBĂTOARE DE PROTONI

PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL
CELL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), with low polluting
emissions, is a great alternative to replace the traditional power sources. The
fuel cell generates electric power and heat power, which can be used to feed
electrical and heat customers. This paper presents a study of the PEMFC
system.
Keywords: fuel cell, hydrogen, electricity
Cuvinte cheie: pilă cu combustibil, hidrogen, energie electrică

18 MODELAREA PILELOR CU COMBUSTIBIL CU


20-19 EFICIENŢA UNEI PILE CU COMBUSTIBIL CU MEMBRANĂ SCHIMBĂTOARE DE PROTONI

EFFICIENCY OF PROTON EXCHANGE
MEMBRANE FUEL CELL
Fuel cells power generating systems represent a solution to replace
traditional power sources because of their high efficiency and multiple
applications. Fuel cell technology is based on the concept of direct
electrochemical energy conversion. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel
cells show great promise for use as distributed generation sources.
Keywords: fuel cell, efficiency, renewable
Cuvinte cheie: pilă cu combustibil, randament, surse regenerabile

19EFICIENŢA UNEI PILE CU COMBUSTIBIL CU