Volumul 20


20-1 MODELISATION DU COMPORTEMENT D’UN MULTICOUCHE DISSYMETRIQUE

MODELAREA COMPORTAMENTULUI UNUI
MULTISTRAT ASIMETRIC
Structurile multistrat compozit au din ce în ce mai multe şi mai
frecvente utilizări pentru proiectarea structurilor mecanice. Depinzând de o
luminozitate mare, ele sunt, în general, structuri rezistente, pentru a sprijini
sarcini importante. În această lucrare se propune un nou model de structuri
multistrat pentru a răspunde diverselor funcţionalităţi: tratarea structurilor nonsimetrice
multistrat, verificarea exactă a condiţiilor de frontieră, verificarea
continuităţii pentru deplasări şi tensiuni transversale de forfecare la interfeţele
structurilor multistrat, pentru a îmbunătăţi rafinarea din punct de vedere al
membranei şi al forfecării transversale.
Cuvinte cheie: compozite asimetrice, elemente finite, modele rafinate,
interfeţe, forfecare transversală, membrană
MODELING THE BEHAVIOR OF DISSYMMETRICAL
MULTI-LAYERS
The multi-layer composite structures are more and more frequently
used for the design of mechanical structures. Dependent on a great lightness,
they are in general structures resistant, likely to support important loadings. In
this work we propose the new model of multilayer structures to answer the
various following functionalities: to treat the non-symmetrical multi-layer
structures, to check the boundaries conditions exactly, to check continuity for
displacements and stresses shear transverse to the interfaces of the multilayer
structures, to improve refinement of the terms of membrane and transverse
shearing In the absence of exact solutions (for multi-layer the non-symmetrical
ones) the validity of the model will be tested on problems resulting from threedimensional
solutions obtained by finite elements.
Keywords: asymmetric composite, finite elements, refined models,
interfaces, transverse shear, membrane
Mots clés: composites dissymétriques, éléments finis, modèles
raffinés, interfaces, cisaillement transverse, membrane

1 MODELISATION DU COMPORTEMENT D’UN


20-2 DETERMINATION D’UN CRITERE DE FATIGUE D’UN MATERIAU COMPOSITE PAR UNE METHODE NON DESTRUCTIVE

DETERMINAREA UNUI CRITERIU DE OBOSEALĂ A UNUI
MATERIAL COMPOZIT PRINTR-O METODĂ NEDISTRUCTIVĂ
Este propusă o nouă metodă de determinare a limitei de rezistenţă a
unui compozit cu o cameră în infraroşu. Testele de oboseală pe o epruvetă
pentru creşterea nivelului de încărcare, fac posibilă o analogie între încălzirea
locală şi prejudiciu. Rezultatele sunt comparate cu curbele Wöhler obţinute pe
un număr mare de exemple.
Cuvinte cheie: oboseală, compozite, infraroşu, prejudiciu, limită de
anduranţă
DETERMINATION A FATIGUE CRITERION OF A
COMPOSITE MATERIAL BY A NONDESTRUCTIVE METHOD
A new method of determination of the limit of endurance of a
composite by an infra-red camera is proposed. Fatigue tests on a specimen on
increasing levels of load, makes it possible to make the analogy between the
local heating and the damage. The results are compared with the curves of
Wöhler obtained with a great number of specimens.
Keywords: fatigue, composites, infrared, injury, old endurance
Mots clés: fatigue, composite, infrarouge, endommagement, limite
d’endurance

2 DETERMINATION D’UN CRITERE DE FATIGUE D’UN


20-3 MODELISATION DE L’IMPACT DE LA MAINTENANCE SUR LE ”LIFE CYCLE COST” D’UN PARC D’EOLIENNES

MODELAREA IMPACTULUI MENTENANŢEI ASUPRA
“COSTULUI CICLULUI DE VIAŢĂ” A UNUI PARC DE EOLIENE
În cazul integrării surselor de energie regenerabilă, calculul LCC (Life
Cycle Cost – costul ciclului de viaţă) este considerat ca fiind cel mai bun mod
de a evalua impactul asupra mediului. Costul ciclului de viaţă al unei turbine
eoliene poate fi împărţit în şase părţi: dezvoltarea, proiectarea, fabricarea,
instalarea, exploatarea şi dezafectarea. Această lucrare este o contribuţie la
evaluarea costurile de operare ale unei ferme eoliene de 2 MW, reprezentând
partea stochastică în calculul LCC. O bază de date pe 5 ani de funcţionare a
208 turbine eoliene răspândite în peste 35 de parcuri a fost folosită pentru a da
o primă estimare a LCC pentru fiecare turbină şi ca să se definească tendinţele
temporale ale MTBF şi MTTR.
Cuvinte cheie: eoliană, ciclu de viaţă, costuri de exploatare
MODELISATION OF THE MAINTENANCE IMPACT
ON THE ”LIFE CYCLE COST” OF WIND TURBINE PARKS
In the case of the integration of renewable energy sources, the
calculation of LCC is considered as the best way to assess the impact on the
environment. The Life Cycle Cost of a wind turbine can be divided into six
parts: design, development, manufacturing, installation, operation and
decommissioning. This paper is a contribution to assess the costs of operating
a wind farm of 2MW representing the stochastic part in the calculation of the
database of 5 years functioning of 208 wind turbines spread over 35
parks has been used to give a first estimate of the LCC of each turbine and
define temporal trends of MTBF and MTTR.
Keywords: wind, life cycle operating costs
Mots clés: éolien, cycle de vie, coûts d’exploitation

3 MODELISATION DE L’IMPACT DE LA MAINTENANCE


20-4 MANAGEMENT DE LA PERFORMANCE ENERGETIQUE

MANAGEMENTUL PERFORMANŢEI
ENERGETICE
Necesitatea de a conserva energia şi lupta împotriva emisiilor de COV
induce schimbări în natura surselor de energie şi a modurilor de consum.
Politicile energetice actuale nu sunt destinate pentru a creşte consumul de
energie în acelaşi timp cu creşterea economică. Pentru a atinge această
performanţă, companiile dezvoltă planuri de acţiune în jurul unui nou model de
creştere. Astăzi, există mai multe instrumente de diagnostic, dar planurile nu
sunt întotdeauna viabile, din punct de vedere economic. Scopul acestei lucrări
este de a oferi experienţe în aplicarea acestor metode de management a
energiei in diverse companii.
Cuvinte cheie: norme, reglementare, energii regenerabile

4 MANAGEMENT DE LA PERFORMANCE


20-5 OUTIL DE DECISION D’IMPLANTATION D’UNE CENTRALE PHOTOVOLTAÏQUE AU SOL

INSTRUMENT DE DECIZIE PENTRU IMPLANTAREA UNEI
CENTRALE FOTOVOLTAICE PE SOL
Obiectul acestui studiu este de a evalua influenţa adăugării de
trackere solare la consolidarea sistemelor fotovoltaice. Studiile teoretice arată
că trackerul poate creşte performanţa unei flote cu aproximativ 30 la 40 %. Cu
toate acestea, această tehnologie duce la alte constrângeri, cum ar fi creşterea
în spaţiului la sol. O alternativă este de a compensa această pierdere prin
adăugarea unui sistem de variaţie sezonieră a înclinării. Acesta poate avea o
pantă diferită, de vară şi de iarnă, pentru a maximiza producţia şi a permite o
creştere de la 5 la 10 % a producţiei.
Cuvinte cheie: fotovoltaic, concepţie, dimensionare, centrale la sol
DECISIONNEL TOOL FOR
ONSHORE SOLAR POWER PLANT
The subject of this study is to assess the influence of the addition of
solar trackers in the enhancement of photovoltaic systems. Theoretical studies
show that tracker can increase the performance of a fleet of about 30 to 40 %.
However, this technology leads to other constraints such as the increase in
floor space. An alternative is to compensate this loss by adding a system of
seasonal variation of inclination. This, can have a different slope in summer and
winter to maximize production and allow an increase of 5 to 10 % of production.
Keywords: photovoltaic, design, sizing, ground stations
Mots clés: Photovoltaïque, conception, dimensionnement, centrale au sol

5 OUTIL DE DECISION D’IMPLANTATION


20-6 L’ECOLE D’INGENIEURS DU CESI

ŞCOALA DE INGINERI DE LA CESI
Lucrarea prezintă istoria unei şcoli franceze originală, ce oferă formare
continuă şi programe într-o structură privată. Se dau, de asemenea, unele
informaţii despre legăturile cu companii şi modul în care se predă studenţilor.
Cuvinte cheie: şcoală de ingineri, Franţa, şcoală privată, întreprindere
OF THE CESI ENGINEERS SCHOOL
The paper presents the history of an original French school, providing
continue and sandwich training in a private structure. We give some information
about links with companies and how we teach those students.
Keywords: engineering school, France, private school business
Mots clés: école d’ingénieurs, France, école privée, entreprise

6 L’ECOLE D’INGENIEURS DU CESI


20-7 UTILIZAREA SURSELOR REGENERABILE DE ENERGIE ÎN ROMÂNIA

THE USE RENEWABLE ENRGY SOURCES IN TO ROMANIA
The energy strategy to value the potential of the energy sources is
inscribed in the coordinates of the long term Romanian energetic development.
The energy renewable sources represent an important component of the longlasting
energy development. Electricity production causes gases emission with
a greenhouse effect, mainly due to carbon dioxide and other pollutants. These
gases cause the rising of the Earth temperature, and so a smaller consume will
diminish the detrimental effect on the environment and will help to obtain long
lasting development of the life-style.
Keywords: renewable energy, energy efficiency, energy consumption,
greenhouse gas emissions, fossil fuels
Cuvinte cheie: energie regenerabilă, eficienţă energetică, consum de
energie, gaze cu efect de seră, combustibili fosili

7 UTILIZAREA SURSELOR REGENERABILE


20-8 PREOCUPĂRILE COMITETELOR TEHNICE ALE ORGANISMELOR INTERNAŢIONALE ŞI EUROPENE DE STANDARDIZARE PRIVIND MANAGEMENTUL ENERGIEI, EFICIENŢA ENERGETICĂ ŞI SURSELE REGENERABILE DE ENERGIE

PANORAMA OF THE TC, SC FROM ISO, IEC, CEN AND
CENELEC CONCERNED BY ENERGY MANAGEMENT,
ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
SOURCES
Standardization activities of CENELEC, CEN and ETSI are involved in
the field of energy management, renewable energy sources and improving of
their standardization work. Scope of the CENELEC TC 111X is to coordinate
the developed of standardization activities in dealing with environmental
aspects.
Keywords: energy, energy efficiency, energy management, renewable
energy, environmental protection, quality
Cuvinte cheie: energie, eficienţă energetică, management energetic,
energie regenerabilă, protecţia mediului, calitate

8 PREOCUPĂRILE COMITETELOR TEHNICE ALE


20-9 CONTROLUL NUMERIC AL SISTEMELOR DE SURSE DE ENERGIE ELECTRICĂ NECONVENŢIONALE ŞI CONVENŢIONALE

NUMERIC CONTROL OF THE CONVENTIONAL
AND UNCONVENTIONAL ELECTRICAL
ENERGY SOURCES SYSTEMS
Here we try to find a compromise way of controlling a continuous
variable power system by adopting a hybrid architecture in which the renewable
energy sources are coupled with the classic power grid. In such an architecture,
a big issue is the control algorithm for management of the energy sources,
which had to be designed in such a way that the final consumer remain
powered on at all times. We proposed a control algorithm which compares the
input and output powers, if the input power is lower than the output, then the
batteries are charged, and in the reverse situation the power sources are
coupled gradually until the load demand is satisfied.
Keywords: solar, photovoltaic, wind, algorithm, hybrid, renewable
sources
Cuvinte cheie: solare, fotovoltaice, eoliene, algoritm, hibrid, din surse
regenerabile

9 CONTROLUL NUMERIC AL SISTEMELOR DE SURSE


20-10 EVALUAREA ENERGIEI SOLARE INCIDENTE PE COLECTORII CU AXĂ FIXĂ EST-VEST ÎN REGIUNEA TIMIŞOAREI

EVALUATION OF SOLAR ENERGY INCIDENT ON SOLAR
COLLECTORS WITH FIXED EAST-WEST AXIS IN THE
REGION OF TIMIŞOARA
The solar energy incident monthly and yearly on mobile solar collectors
with fixed east-west axis is evaluated and compared to solar energy incident on
fixed solar collectors. The calculation is based on hourly global and diffuse
radiation data measured in Timişoara, Romania in 2009 and on an isotropic
radiation model. Results are useful for design and evaluation of solar
installations.
Keywords: solar energy, solar collectors, mobile model of isotropic radiation
Cuvinte cheie: energie solară, colectori solari mobili, model de radiaţie
izotrop

10 EVALUAREA ENERGIEI SOLARE INCIDENTE PE


20-11 ABORDAREA TRANSDISCIPLINARĂ A EFECTULUI FOTOELECTRIC EXTERN – ÎNCĂRCĂTOR SOLAR

A TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH OF THE EXTERNAL
PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT – SOLAR CHARGER
Studies carried out on the external photoelectric effect for the average
youth education and awareness importance develop their „green energy”.
Keywords: external photoelectric effect, photoelectric cell, electricity,
solar radiation, photovoltaic, battery charger
Cuvinte cheie: efect fotoelectric extern, celulă fotoelectrică, curent
electric, radiaţie solară, celule fotovoltaice, încărcător acumulatori

11 ABORDAREA TRANSDISCIPLINARĂ A EFECTULUI


20-12 STUDIU COMPARATIV AL CAPTATORILOR SOLARI CU SUPRAFEŢE PLANE ŞI SFERICE PRIN PRISMA EFICIENŢEI CONVERSIEI ENERGIEI SOLARE ÎN ENERGIE TERMICĂ

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FLAT AND SPHERICAL SOLAR
COLLECTORS REGARDING THE EFFICIENCY CONVERSION
OF SOLAR ENERGY IN THERMAL ENERGY
The paper makes a comparative analysis of the conversion efficiency
of flat plate solar collectors and spherical solar collectors. The main structural
and functional characteristics of flat plate and spherical collectors are
presented. In the final part of the paper recommendations on possible use of
spherical solar collectors are proposed.
Keywords: solar collector plane, spherical solar collector, output,
convert radiation, solar
Cuvinte cheie: captator solar plan, captator solar sferic, randament,
conversia radiaţiei, energie solară

12 STUDIU COMPARATIV AL CAPTATORILOR SOLARI


20-13 UTILIZAREA ENERGIEI SOLARE ÎN REŢELELE ANTIGRINDINĂ

SOLAR ENERGY USE IN ANTIHAIL NETWORKS
This work paper shows a solution for the problem concerning the
power supply of low power consumers placed in isolated areas having no
access to electrical power network. The solution is based on a stand alone
photovoltaic system.
A microcontroller development system was conceived in order to
assure a high performance for the photovoltaic system. A system of this kind
assures an automatic orientation of a photovoltaic panel and also allows to plug
in as well as to unplug the consumers depending on both the priorities and the
energy we have at our disposal in the electric accumulators.
Keywords: energy, photovoltaic, monitor, rain, guidance system
Cuvinte cheie: energie, fotovoltaică, monitorizare, antigrindină, sistem
de orientare

13 UTILIZAREA ENERGIEI SOLARE ÎN REŢELELE


20-14 EVALUAREA POTENŢIALULUI DE ENERGIE DIN BIOMASĂ SOLIDĂ PENTRU ZONA PETRU RAREŞ-RETEAG

ASSESSMENT OF SOLIDBIOMASS ENERGY
POTENTIAL FOR PETRU RAREŞ –RETEAG AREA
The work refers to theoretical and technical potential for energy
production from biomass in rural areas of Transylvania. The paper aims to
identify the main types of solid biomass available in Petru Rareş-Reteag area
and how to exploit these resources.
Keywords: hydropower, biomass, agricultural production, the Peter Rares
Cuvinte cheie: potenţial energetic, biomasă solidă, producţii agricole,
zona Petru Rareş

14 EVALUAREA POTENŢIALULUI DE ENERGIE


20-15 ASPECTE PRIVIND VALORIFICAREA ENERGIEI GEOTERMALE ÎN ROMÂNIA

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY EXPLOITATION IN ROMANIA
Due to the scientific breakthrough of the last century, geothermal
energy may now be used on a national, even global scale to produce both
electricity and heat. In Romania, geothermal energy is used to produce heat,
the main sources being located in the western area of the country.
Keywords: geothermal energy resources, potential, recovery
Cuvinte cheie: energie geotermală, resurse, potenţial, valorificare

15 ASPECTE PRIVIND VALORIFICAREA ENERGIEI


20-16 ANALIZA DIFERITELOR METODE DE OBŢINERE A HIDROGENULUI

ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT METHODSFOR
HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
This work enumerates and analyses a few methods of obtaining
gaseous hydrogen from different substances and materials. This gas serves
basically for automotive propulsion for the reduction of harmful emissions from
classic fossil fuels.
Keywords: hydrogen production, electrolysis, bacteria, decomposition, gas
Cuvinte cheie: hidrogen, producere, electroliza, bacterii, descompunere, gaz

16 ANALIZA DIFERITELOR METODE DE OBŢINERE


20-17 IMPORTANŢA ECO-ENERGETICĂ A CELULEI DE COMBUSTIE CU HIDROGEN

ECO-ENERGETICAL EFFICIENCY OF
HYDROGEN FUEL CELL
This paper presents the importance and perspective of hydrogen as an
energy carrier, now when hydrogen fuel cells can be an option for reducing the
emissions from the transportation sector. It is also described the operating
mode of a hydrogen fuel cell and most importantly, there are emphasized the
recent achievements regarding the key candidate materials for hydrogen
storage, which is an essential factor in the commercialization of hydrogen fuel
cell vehicles.
Keywords: pollution, fuel cell, hydrogen storage materials, storage
Cuvinte cheie: poluare, celula de combustie, hidrogen, stocare,
materiale de stocare

17 IMPORTANŢA ECO-ENERGETICĂ A CELULEI


20-18 MODELAREA PILELOR CU COMBUSTIBIL CU MEMBRANĂ SCHIMBĂTOARE DE PROTONI

PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL
CELL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), with low polluting
emissions, is a great alternative to replace the traditional power sources. The
fuel cell generates electric power and heat power, which can be used to feed
electrical and heat customers. This paper presents a study of the PEMFC
system.
Keywords: fuel cell, hydrogen, electricity
Cuvinte cheie: pilă cu combustibil, hidrogen, energie electrică

18 MODELAREA PILELOR CU COMBUSTIBIL CU


20-19 EFICIENŢA UNEI PILE CU COMBUSTIBIL CU MEMBRANĂ SCHIMBĂTOARE DE PROTONI

EFFICIENCY OF PROTON EXCHANGE
MEMBRANE FUEL CELL
Fuel cells power generating systems represent a solution to replace
traditional power sources because of their high efficiency and multiple
applications. Fuel cell technology is based on the concept of direct
electrochemical energy conversion. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel
cells show great promise for use as distributed generation sources.
Keywords: fuel cell, efficiency, renewable
Cuvinte cheie: pilă cu combustibil, randament, surse regenerabile

19EFICIENŢA UNEI PILE CU COMBUSTIBIL CU


20-20 VALORIFICAREA RESURSELOR EOLIENE ÎN ROMÂNIA

CAPITALIZATION OF THE WIND ENERGY
RESOURCES IN ROMANIA
In this paper we underline the need and the opportunity to use wind
energy due to the competitive cost of this type of energy and due to the
reduction of pollution. We also present the current situation on a global level of
the wind energy market as well as the development of this branch in Romania.
Keywords: wind power, cost, benefits, wind energy market
Cuvinte cheie: energie eoliană, cost, avantaje, piaţa energiei eoliene

20 VALORIFICAREA RESURSELOR EOLIENE


20-21 UTILIZAREA ENERGIEI VÂNTULUI ÎN ROMÂNIA

WIND ENERGY USE IN ROMANIA
Wind energy is very important for the future, the wind energy is cheep,
renewable and in the future Romania is interested to use it. So in this paper we
analyzed the current stage and prospects of this energy.
Keywords: wind, wind turbine, wind
Cuvinte cheie: vânt, turbină eoliană, energie eoliană

21 UTILIZAREA ENERGIEI VÂNTULUI ÎN ROMÂNIA


20-22 NECESITATEA EVALUĂRII POTENŢIALULUI ÎNCĂ DIN FAZA INCIPIENTĂ A DEMARĂRII UNEI INVESTIŢII ÎN DOMENIUL ENERGIEI EOLIENE

NECESSITY TO EVALUATE POTENTIAL SINCE
THE EARLY STAGES OF AN INVESTMENT IN WIND ENERGY
In starting an investment program in wind energy, the risk should not
be allowed under any circumstances. To avoid unnecessary costs or those with
low efficiency (given that a wind farm requires investment of at least several
tens of million euros), the wind potential of the site should be evaluated very
well.
Keywords: wind, wind speed, wind energy, variation graphs, wind potential
Cuvinte cheie: vânt, viteza vântului, energia vântului, grafice de
variaţie, potenţial eolian

22 NECESITATEA EVALUĂRII POTENŢIALULUI ÎNCĂ


20-23 TURBULENŢA VÂNTULUI CAPTAREA DE ENERGIE SUPLIMENTARĂ

TURBULENT WIND ADDITIONAL ENERGY CAPTURE
The energy provided by a wind turbine over a year, can be estimated
by integrating the power curve, the velocity distribution is known while. In these
circumstances, it ignores the extra energy could be captured by the wind
turbine, the wind speed turbulence.
This article aims to highlight this.
Finally, presents graphically experimental measurements of wind
turbine OPMS-7, which shows that the same average speed measured wind
turbine power debited different.
Keywords: extra energy, wind turbine, captured, turbulence, wind
speed, wind speed turbulence intensity
Cuvinte cheie: energia suplimentară, turbina de vânt, captată,
turbulenţa vitezei vântului, intensitatea turbulenţei vitezei vântului

23 TURBULENŢA VÂNTULUI


20-24 PRELUCRAREA DATELOR REFERITOARE LA PARAMETRII VÂNTULUI

WIND PARAMETERS DATA PROCEESING
In order to analyze if a specified location corresponds or not for
mounting wind turbines on it, must be installed meteorological towers which
would monitories in time the air parameters. This paper presents the
methodology of processing the data achieved from a meteorological tower and
the results obtained from this.
Keywords: wind speed, direction, average monthly limit exponent layer density
Cuvinte cheie: vânt, viteză, direcţie, medii lunare, exponentul stratului
limită, densitate

24 PRELUCRAREA DATELOR REFERITOARE


20-25 DETERMINAREA GROSIMII ŞI A CONSTANTELOR OPTICE ALE FILMULUI DE POLIMETACRILAT DE METIL DIN SPECTRELE IR DE REFLEXIE

THE DETERMINATION OF THICKNESS AND OPTICAL
CONSTANTS FOR POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE FILM
FROM IR REFLECTANCE SPECTRA
The transmittance values measured in IR reflection-absorption (RA)
spectra can be used to determine the optical constants of dielectric films laid on
solid substrates. When the recorded spectra show interference fringes, one can
determine the film thickness. The film thickness was obtained from the
reflexion-absorption IR spectra recorded at two different incidence angles.
To obtain the optical constants of polymethylmetacrilat films laid on
steel we used dispersion analysis. Using dispersion analysis offers the
advantage of processing a large volume of data.
Keywords: reflection absorption, optical constants, IR spectra,
dispersion analysis
Cuvinte cheie: reflexie-absorbţie, constante optice, spectre IR, analiza
de dispersie

25 DETERMINAREA GROSIMII ŞI A CONSTANTELOR


20-26 SISTEME DE ELIBERARE CONTROLATA A MEDICAMENTELOR. HIDROGELURI

CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS. HYDROGELS
This article intends to present a review about responsive polymer
systems used in controlled drug delivery applications. It was definite the
concept of drug delivery as an ability to sustainable and constantly deliver the
therapeutic agent, in order to solve the problem of conventional drug therapy
where drug is released immediately after medication. This review gives
information on polimeric materials concerning the relationship between their
design and the mechanism of drug release. Hydro gels are three-dimensional,
hydrophilic, polymeric network, capable of imbibing large amounts of water or
biological fluids, and are used in biomedical applications. Hydro gels are
stimuli-responsive materials, that can undergo abrupt volume change in
response to small changes in environmental parameters: temperature, pH, ionic
strength. This article discusses the classification of drug delivery systems
according to the mechanism controlling the drug release, and a few words
about novel polymers responsive to external applied magnetic and electric
fields.
Keywords: stimulus-responsive polymers, hydrogels, controlled
release drug
Cuvinte cheie: polimeri receptivi la stimuli, hidrogeluri, eliberarea
controlată a medicamentelor

26 SISTEME DE ELIBERARE CONTROLATA A


20-27 POLIZAHARIDE FOLOSITE ÎN OBŢINEREA HIDROGELURILOR UTILIZATE ÎN SISTEMELE DE ELIBERARE CONTROLATĂ A MEDICAMENTELOR

POLYSACCHARIDES USED IN OBTAINING HYDROGELS
FOR CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
This paper is a review of the most important papers related to
polisaccharides studied and used in hydrogels systems for controlled drug
delivery. Among the numerous macromolecules that can be used to obtain
hydrogels, polysaccharides present many advantages comparatively to
synthetic polymers being largely found in living organisms. Coming from
renewable sources, polysaccharides also have frequently economical
advantages over synthetic polymers, because they are non-toxic, biocompatible
and bioavailable, showing such physico-chemical proprieties that make them
suitable for applications in drug delivery systems. Focusing on the ability of
polysaccharides to form hydrogels in a great diversity of compositions it is well
understood that safer and more realistic approaches in the therapy of diseases
will be achieved in the days to come.
Key words: polysaccharides, hydrogels, controlled release drug
Cuvinte cheie: polizaharide, hidrogel, eliberarea controlată a medicamentelor

27 POLIZAHARIDE FOLOSITE ÎN OBŢINEREA


20-28 METODE DE DETERMINARE A ACIDULUI FORMIC (HCOOH)

SOME DETERMINATION METHODS OF
FORMIC ACID (HCOOH)
This paper is a short review about synthesis and determination
methods of formic acid from solution mixtures. Formic acid is used in many
industries such as textiles, natural rubber, in agriculture, as well as for
cosmetics, disinfectants, detergents, medicines, to controlling acidity against
microbial growth, fuel for power cells etc. In the same time is considered an
environmental pollutant, so the principal method for determination is the titration
process. Another methods mentioned in the literature are enzymatic method
and catalytic oxidation method.
Keywords: formic acid, formic acid determination methods, linear
voltammetry
Cuvinte cheie: acid formic, metode de determinare acid formic,
voltametrie liniară

28 METODE DE DETERMINARE A ACIDULUI


20-29 PROCESUL DE COAGULARE – FLOCULARE

COAGULATION-FLOCCULATION PROCESS
The paper is a review of literature data related to the coagulationflocculation
process. The first part presents the theoretical basis of coagulationflocculation,
followed by the presentation of a case study related to the
efficiency of a waste water treatment using diverse coagulants and anionic
polyacrylamide as coagulant aid.
Keywords: coagulation, flocculation, colloidal particles
Cuvinte cheie: coagulare, floculare, particule coloidale

29 PROCESUL DE COAGULARE – FLOCULARE


20-30 MATERIALE POLIMERICE UTILIZATE ÎN RESTAURAREA OPERELOR DE ARTĂ

POLYMERIC MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN
ARTWORK RESTORATION
The paper presents a review of some of the most common polymeric
materials that have been employed in artwork restoration on a large scale.
Such materials have been primarily introduced in the field of cultural heritage
conservation and restoration as consolidates but proved to drastically alter their
initial properties due to natural ageing and interactions with external factors
and/or the consolidated substrate. The main alterations observed in over 20
years of use, with possible causes and mechanisms of deterioration are
outlined in this literature study.
Keywords: polymers, natural aging, photo oxidation, surface
morphology changes
Cuvinte cheie: polimeri, îmbătrânire naturală, foto-oxidare, modificarea
morfologiei suprafeţei

30 MATERIALE POLIMERICE UTILIZATE ÎN


20-31 INFLUENŢA FACTORILOR ATMOSFERICI POLUANŢI ASUPRA MATERIALELOR DE CONSTRUCŢIE FOLOSITE LA MUZEUL DE ARTĂ CLUJ-NAPOCA

RESEARCHES AND STUDIES OF THE INFLEUNCE OF
POLLUTING ATMOSPHERIC FACTORS ON THE BUILDING
MATERIALS USED AT THE ART MUSEUM IN CLUJ-NAPOCA
This paper represents an interdisciplinary study, and wishes to be an
attempt of restoration/conservation of cultural heritage. The purpose of the
paper is to observe study and classify the alteration and decay processes of the
building material used at the Cluj-Napoca Art Museum.
The alteration and decay processes can differ from one material to
another, and it can have different causing phenomena, the most harmful being
the air pollution, which along with the rain can produce several alteration
phenomena: the so-called “black crust”, material exfoliations and salt
efflorescence.
There have been made two X-ray Powder Diffraction analysis, on the
samples taken from the Art Museum in Cluj-Napoca, one on the black crust
(shows a high quantity of magnesium calcite, sulfates, and some quartz traces),
and one on the salts present on limestone (show a high quantity of thenardite,
and some quartz and calcium traces).
Keywords: air pollution, cultural heritage, acid rain, black crust,
monuments degradation
Cuvinte cheie: poluare atmosferică, patrimoniu cultural, ploaie acidă,
crustă neagră, degradarea monumentelor

31 INFLUENŢA FACTORILOR ATMOSFERICI POLUANŢI

 


20-32 DETERMINAREA CONDUCTIVITĂŢII TERMICE A MATERIALELOR DE CONSTRUCŢII

ABOUT THE DETERMINATION OF BUILDING MATERIALS’
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
The paper introduces an experimental method of determining the
thermal conductivity of building materials. The installation we have created is
based on the Fouriér law allows the determination of the thermal conductivity of
the building materials’ which the test bars are made of, and implicitly, theirs
identification. This method does not allow an observation of the variation of
thermal conductivity with respect to temperature for the material under question,
the result of the analysis being in fact a mean value of thermal conductivity.
Keywords: conductivity, thermocouples, thermal conductivity, thermal gradient
Cuvinte cheie: conductivitate, termocupluri, conducţie termică, gradient termic

32 DETERMINAREA CONDUCTIVITĂŢII TERMICE


20-33 AUTOMATIZAREA CLĂDIRILOR

THE BUILDINGS AUTOMATION
This paper presents some aspects regarding Buildings Automation
System. The Buildings Automation System(BAS)describes the functionality
provides by an intelligent network, computerized with electronic devices and
called The Control System. The Control System is design for monitoring and
control the mechanical, lighting, aer conditioning and other systems inside the
buildings.
Keywords: BAS, teransmisiuni network, controller, alarm, security
Cuvinte cheie: BAS, reţea de teransmisiuni, controler, alarmare,
securitate

33 AUTOMATIZAREA CLĂDIRILOR


20-34 SISTEM INOVATIV DE „TERMOIZOLARE ACTIVĂ” A CLĂDIRILOR VECHI

INNOVATIVE „ACTIVE THERMAL-INSULATION”
SYSTEM FOR OLD BUILDINGS
The building sector occupies the first place in terms of energy
consumption both nationally and in Europe. Collective housing represents 39 %
of the total housing stock, and among these 72 % are prefabricated type
buildings. Because of the weight of this type of buildings and also because of
their deficiency in energy performance a new modern solution is researched for
a sustainable renovation. A complex facade panel system is under study that
should contain both classic “passive“ thermal-insulation, as well as innovative
“active“ insulation. By integrating a cellulose comb on the exterior side of the
panel it is possible to achieve an important solar gain that changes the dynamic
of the thermal transfer of the building and thus allows to exploit a system with
superior characteristics than systems currently in use. This system is expected
to be used particularly in the post-equipment of old buildings.
Keywords: insulation, modern facade
Cuvinte cheie: termoizolare, faţade moderne

34 SISTEM INOVATIV DE „TERMOIZOLARE ACTIVĂ”


20-35 SECURITATEA LA INCENDIU A CLĂDIRILOR DEZVOLTATE PE VERTICALĂ

THE FIRE SAFETY OF HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
In the last decades, high buildings are part of our daily life. Higher and
higher, these buildings need to be very carefully designed and analyzed, in
order to obtain a proper level of fire safety. Including for this type of buildings,
the domain of fire safety engineering was created. The article gives general
guidelines concerning the areas and problems that need to be accounted for
when it comes to fire safety in high rise buildings, all over the world.
Keywords: fire, very tall buildings, fire safety engineering, fire safety
Cuvinte cheie: incendiu, clădiri foarte înalte, ingineria securităţii la
incendiu, securitatea la incendiu

35 SECURITATEA LA INCENDIU A CLĂDIRILOR


20-36 PROGRAM DE CALCUL PENTRU DIMENSIONAREA SISTEMULUI DE VENTILARE ŞI EVACUARE A FUMULUI ŞI GAZELOR FIERBINŢI PROVENITE DIN INCENDIUL UNEI CLĂDIRI

THE CALCULATING PROGRAMME FOR THE SCALING
OF A SYSTEM VENTILATION AND SMOKE AND
HOT GASES EXHAUST FROM AN ARSONED BUILDING
The personal programmed SVEFGF, conceived on the base of the
standardized calculating procedures (CEN/TR 12101-5:2007), allows the
minimizing the calculus methods, with the purpose to follow, to compare, and
to evaluate the obtained results, regarding to chose the best solutions for
scaling of system ventilation and smoke and hot gases exhaust from an arson
building. The utility of this program is represented through the application
proposed in the paper for the depressurization of an atrium with opened floors
towards this.
Keywords: fire, atrium, ventilation, smoke, fire safety
Cuvinte cheie: incendiu, atrium, ventilare, fum, securitatea la incendiu

36 PROGRAM DE CALCUL PENTRU DIMENSIONAREA


20-37 CALCULUL FORŢEI AERODINAMICE ŞI DISTRIBUŢIEI DE PRESIUNI PENTRU UN COŞ VERTICAL

AERODYNAMIC FORCE AND PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION
CALCULUS FOR A VERTICAL FUNNEL
The objective of the application is to determine the aerodynamic force
and pressure distribution resulted from wind action applied on a vertical funnel with
diameter D = Ø3 m and height H = 54 m. The velocity of the air stream is 20 m/s
and air density is 1.2 kg/m3. The objective of the application is to compare the
results predicted by Solid Works Flow Simulation with experimental data.
Keywords: aerodynamic forces, pressure distribution, Flow Simulation
Cuvinte cheie: forţă aerodinamică, distribuţie presiuni, Flow Simulation

37 CALCULUL FORŢEI AERODINAMICE ŞI DISTRIBUŢIEI


20-38 COMPARAREA REZULTATELOR OBŢINUTE CU PROGRAMUL ”SVEFGF”, CONCEPUT ÎN BAZA PROCEDURILOR DE CALCUL STANDARDIZATE, CU REZULTATELE DEDUSE PRIN SIMULARE NUMERICĂ CU PROGRAMUL ”FDS” PENTRU DEPRESURIZAREA UNUI ATRIUM ÎN CAZ DE INCENDIU

THE COMPARISON OF THE RESULTS OBTAINED WITH THE
PROGRAMME SVEFGF, CONCEIVED ON THE BASE OF
STANDARDIZED CALCULATING PROCEDURES, WITH THE
RESULTS DEDUCTED THROUGH THE NUMERICAL
SIMULATION WITH THE FDS PROGRAMME FOR A
DEPRESSURIZATION OF AN ATRIUM IN CASE OF A FIRE
This paper proposes the application of the SVEFGH programmed,
conceived on the base of standardized calculating procedures (CEN/TR 12101-
5:2007), for the depressurization of an atrium with open floors towards this from an
arson building and comparing the results with those obtained with the FDS (Fire
Dynamics Simulator) programmed in view of checking and visualizing the obtained
results, or even the adoption of optimal solutions in the case of some divergences.
Keywords: fire, atrium, ventilation, smoke, hot gases, fire safety,
neutral pressure plane
Cuvinte cheie: incendiu, atrium, ventilare, fum, gaze fierbinţi,
securitatea la incendiu, plan neutru de presiune

38 COMPARAREA REZULTATELOR OBŢINUTE CU


20-39 CONFORTUL HIGROTERMIC ŞI ECONOMIA DE ENERGIE LA CLĂDIRILE CIVILE EXISTENTE

HYGROTHERMAL COMFORT AND ECONOMY
OF CIVIL POWER IN EXISTING BUILDINGS
Efficient and low consumption of energy is an important objective for
buildings, given that their consumption is less than 40 % of total EU energy
consumption, especially for heating, lighting and equipment. Therefore,
problems that range from materials extraction, land use and construction
materials industry standards, to a good breakdown of the outer envelope of the
building and use the facilities as energy efficient, must work together to to help
achieve energy efficient buildings.
Keywords: civil, Hygrothermal comfort, energy efficiency, energy saving
Cuvinte cheie: construcţii civile, confort higrotermic, eficienţa
energetică, economia de energie

39 CONFORTUL HIGROTERMIC ŞI ECONOMIA DE


20-40 CONTRIBUŢII PRIVIND REGLAREA ADAPTIVĂ A GRUPULUI MOTOR DIESEL-GENERATOR ELECTRIC PENTRU ALIMENTAREA CLĂDIRILOR EFICIENTE ENERGETIC

ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF GROUP CONTRIBUTIONS
ON DIESEL ENGINE-ELECTRIC GENERATOR FOR ENERGY
EFFICIENT BUILDING SUPPLY
In the present paper we studied the problematic regarding the engine
rotational speed variation due to load changes, in an original way by system
architecture and management. This poses difficulties in every energetic system,
especially when this contains sources with variable output power. We chose
architecture based on a numerical and analog controller. The base element of
execution is the generator’s engine, controlled by the injection pump, according
to network electrical load. We paid a special attention to these control loops
because of the central role played by the asynchronous generator in an
uninterruptible power system. The described control system can be
independent or it can be controlled by a microcontroller which decides the
prescribed value.
Keywords: automation, energy efficiency, hybrid system, regulating
Cuvinte cheie: automatizare, eficienţa energetică, sistemul hibrid, reglementare

40 CONTRIBUŢII PRIVIND REGLAREA ADAPTIVĂ A


20-41 FOLOSIREA DEŞEURILOR INDUSTRIALE ÎN MATERIALE DE CONSTRUCŢII

USING INDUSTRIAL WASTES IN BUILDING MATERIALS
Using industrial waste (especially those of organic nature) are a
success for both construction and environment. In previous experiments
rubber waste does not undergo thermal or chemical transformations, only a
simple shredding process. Thus, the shredded rubber is inserted in the
concrete mixture, partly replacing the aggregate. By means of this recycling
process, a major objective for sustainable development is confirmed –
improving environmental quality.
Keywords: waste, rubber, concrete, aggregates, crushing,
environment, compressive strength
Cuvinte cheie: deşeuri, cauciuc, beton, agregate, mărunţire, mediu,
rezistenţa de compresiune

41 FOLOSIREA DEŞEURILOR INDUSTRIALE


20-42 ELEMENTE ŞI STRUCTURI DE REZISTENŢĂ EFIECIENTE DIN LEMN LAMELAT ÎNCLEIAT

EFFECTIVE ELEMENTS AND RESISTANCE
STRUCTURE OF GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER
Given the advantages afforded by modern wood constructions the
paper presents the main types of elements and structures for effective
resistance laminated wood, namely wood and plywood construction, with
features on how the composition and design considerations on the behavior
and calculation of specific strength and stiffness.
Keywords: laminated wood structural elements
Cuvinte cheie: elemente structurale din lemn încleiat

42 ELEMENTE ŞI STRUCTURI DE REZISTENŢĂ


20-43 UN NOU TIP DE CONSTRUCŢIE AGRICOLĂ CU DUBLĂ FUNCŢIUNE

A NEW TYPE OF AGRICULTURAL BUILDING
WITH DUAL FUNCTION
The current paper refers to agricultural buildings with a dual function,
on the ground floor an animal shelter, while on the first floor a a passive
greenhouse destined for seedlings, vegetables and flowers.
From a constructional point of view, the ground floor is constructed with
masonry load bearing walls and a frame made up of concrete prefabricated
elements (columns, beams and slab elements), while the first floor is based on
a modern variant, constructed with prefabricated columns and a spatial roof
structure made up of standard bars.
Keywords: dual-function design, roof space, standard elements
Cuvinte cheie: construcţie cu dubla funcţiune, acoperiş spaţial,
elemente tipizate

43 UN NOU TIP DE CONSTRUCŢIE AGRICOLĂ


20-44 TEHNOLOGIE DE EVALUARE EXPERIMENTALĂ A REZISTENŢEI MECANICE LA SARCINI DE COMPRESIUNE A FASCICULULUI COMBUSTIBIL EXPERIMENTAL TIP CANDU

TECHNOLOGY FOR EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
OF THE MECHANICAL COMPRESSION RESISTANCE
AT CANDU TYPE FUEL BUNDLE
The paper is referring to the test technology evolution of CANDU
experimental fuel bundle at the Institute for Nuclear Research Piteşti. The outof-
reactor test rig and the special devices for evaluation of the nuclear fuel
mechanical resistance performance at compression loads, using light water at
representative parameters (pressure, temperature and flow rate) for CANDU 6
reactor operating conditions, are described.
This paper describes the original improvements implemented and
practically applied to mechanical resistance of carrier fuel bundle validation
technology. Some results and conclusions are presented at the end.
Keywords: strength, loop testing, simulation stops, fuel transporter beam
Cuvinte cheie: rezistenţă mecanică, bucla de testare, simulator
opritori, fascicul combustibil transportor

44 TEHNOLOGIE DE EVALUARE EXPERIMENTALĂ


20-45 SISTEM CAM PENTRU MODELAREA, DESIGNUL ŞI SIMULAREA PROCESELOR DE EXTRUDARE A PIESELOR MICI

CAM SYSTEM FOR MODELLING, DESIGN AND SIMULATE
THE PROCESS OF EXTRUSION FOR SMALL PIECES
This paper is intended to present a Computer Aided Design by using
Solid works 2007, system used in modeling the process extrusion in one step,
for the components of machines for mining workers. Here are also included the
presentation of procedures, modules and principles used in build set system.
The possibilities of this system include technological design, the geometrical
processing design, the conversion system, numerical processing system and
much more. This system can also provide the tool design. For these tools the
authors have prepared a procedure for parametric design of the geometrical
and technological parts of this type of process. The authors have obtained an
automatic interactive designing system, starting from practical requirements, to
realize high precision products using the old parts on unused machines. Using
the database created it is possible to realize a template of the parts for a
generalized extrusion die, thus obtaining an autocorrecting design procedure.
Keywords: extrusion, technical design, computer aided design
Cuvinte cheie: extrudare, design tehnic, proiectarea asistată de
calculator

45 SISTEM CAM PENTRU MODELAREA, DESIGNUL ŞI


20-46 TEHNOLOGII DE TĂIERE A MATERIALELOR TEXTILE CU RAZE LASER

CUTTING OF TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY WITH LASERBEAM
This paper deals with a method of cutting textiles using nonconventional
technologies, characterized by a high degree of automation.
Compared with other cutting techniques, laser cutting offers certain
advantages: the laser does not wear out, the cut is highly precise, the cutting
width is minimal and the range of textiles that can be cut is unlimited.
Keywords: unconventional technologies, cutting tool, laser
Cuvinte cheie: tehnologii neconvenţionale, unealta tăietoare, laser

46 TEHNOLOGII DE TĂIERE A MATERIALELOR


20-47 MODELAREA PLĂCILOR PRIN ÎMPROŞCARE CONTROLATĂ CU PARTICULE

MODELING PLATES WITH SHOT PEENING
This paper presents the new method for modeling the plates, by using
the shot peening. Shot peen modeling is a partially effective forming process
derived from the shot peening surface treatment. During impact of the shot, a
certain amount of its kinetic energy is transformed into plastification of the
component. When shot velocity is fairly low only a thin layer of the component’s
material is elongated resulting in a convex curvature. If shot velocity is
increased, concave curvatures are produced.
Keywords: modeling, plates, shot controlled
Cuvinte cheie: modelare, plăci, împroşcare controlată

47 MODELAREA PLĂCILOR PRIN ÎMPROŞCARE


20-48 CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND POSIBILITATEA REALIZĂRII PIESELOR CU CRUSTĂ DURĂ REZISTENTE LA UZURĂ ŞI COROZIUNE UTILIZÂND DEŞEURI INDUSTRIALE (MATERIALE RECICLABILE)

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE POSSIBILITY OF MAKING
PARTS HARD CRUST WEAR AND CORROSION RESISTANT
USING INDUSTRIAL WASTE (RECYCLED MATERIALS)
Manufacturing parts to take anti-wear and corrosion crust, using
industrial waste, applicable in the chemical industry and light is a new field of
research and development in Romanian industry. Achieving that hard crust
components used in aggressive environments, represents a new area explored
enough, and is a ,,stone attempt’’ to research engineers.
Keywords: industrial waste, ceramic materials, thermal spray
deposition
Cuvinte cheie: deşeuri industriale, materiale vitroceramice, depunere
prin pulverizare termică

48 CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND POSIBILITATEA REALIZĂRII


20-49 ALIAJE UŞOR FUZIBILE UTILIZATE LA REALIZAREA MODELELOR DE FORMARE

FUSIBLE ALLOY USED TO MAKE CASTING PATTERNS
The main scope of the project lies in supporting the knowledge
development in the field of small series of unique parts, mainly for the
automotive industry, by producing a technology and a device for patterns
through self formation from an easily fusible alloy with basalt fibers that enable
both a rapid pass from one type of parts to another, so that the fabrication flow
can be easily changed, as well as innovative research for the achievement of a
composite material based on Bi-Sn alloy with basalt fibers with higher technical
characteristics.
Keywords: self-study, easy fusible models, composite materials
Cuvinte cheie: autoformare, modele uşor fuzibile, materiale compozite

49 ALIAJE UŞOR FUZIBILE UTILIZATE LA


20-50 APLICABILITATEA LEGII VEGARD ÎN DETERMINAREA PARAMETRULUI CRISTALOGRAFIC LA PULBERILE ALIATE MECANIC

VEGARD LAW APLICABILITY IN CRYSTAL PARAMETER
DETERMINATION FOR MECHANICALLY ALLOYED
POWDERS
The performed investigations prove that applying the Vegard Law for
Cr-Fe binary alloys result values of crystal parameter in good concordance with
experimental results. This makes Vegard Law a useful theoretical tool for
estimation of crystal properties of further alloys. The viability of this law could
not be proved for ternary systems. We mention that Al and Co were introduced
as ternary component after 16 hours of previous milling of Fe-Cr powder
composition. The adding of ternary element such Al or Co at the beginning of
milling experiment is an open path for further investigation of the applicability of
Vegard Law to the ternary systems.
Keywords: Fe-Cr alloys, lattice parameter, solid solutions
Cuvinte cheie: aliaje Fe-Cr, parametru reţelei cristaline, soluţii solide

50 APLICABILITATEA LEGII VEGARD ÎN